Dartmouth, a very considerable sea-port town most delightfully situated near the confluence of the river Dart with the British Channel. This town originally consisted of three villages named Clifton, Dartmouth, and Hardness; and though now united by buildings, are distinct with respect to local regulations in several instances. Built for nearly a mile in extent along the side of a craggy hill, the streets are extremely irregular, incommodiously narrow, and stand in tiers one above the other, frequently communicating with those above by flights of steps. The quay is large and convenient, and near it is a spacious street, where the merchants generally reside. Here are three churches, beside meeting-houses for Dissenters, charity- schools, &c. One of the former, St. Clements, is situated on a hill a quarter of a mile out of the town, and having a tower nearly seventy feet high, forms a good sea-mark. Dartmouth carries on a considerable trade with the Newfoundland fishery; and here is a fish-market daily, except Sunday, and one on Friday for other provisions. Dartmouth is governed by a Mayor, twelve masters or magistrates, twelve common councilmen, a recorder, a high-steward, &c. Here is also a court of session and a water-bailiwick court. The harbour is very safe, and will contain 500 sail. The castle defends the entrance, and with its round towers presents a very prominent object. There are also two platforms of cannon. Dartmouth Bay is one of the most beautiful on the coast. Both the entrance of the Dart into it, and its exit to the sea, from many stations, appear closed up by the folding of the banks, and to resemble a lake, only furnished with shipping instead of boats. The rocks on each side of the bay are of a glossy purple coloured slate, and their summits are fringed with various plants and shrubs.

To the north of Dartmouth lies the port of Torbay, the principal rendezvous of his Majesty’s shipping. The river Dart, much admired for its beautiful scenery, is navigable hence to Totness, a distance of ten miles by water; and between these places passage-boats pass daily. In coming down the river from Totness, on the right, at the distance of about three miles from that town, is Sharpham, J. Bastard, Esq. One mile and a half farther on the left, is Stoke Gabriel Village, near which is Maidonette-house, J. H. Hunt, Esq. At six miles on the left, is Sandridge-house, R. W. Newman, Esq., and Wooton-court, Henry Studdy, Esq. At seven miles on the right, is the village of Dettisham, and the Parsonage, the Rev. Robert Hutchings. On the left Greenway-house, J. M. Elton, Esq.

Close to Dartmouth is Mount Boon, the seat of J. H. Searle, Esq.; the woods extend along a branch of the river for the space of two miles; and there is a hermitage and a small castle in these grounds. A new market-place and a town-hall have lately been built at Dartmouth.

About four miles to the south-west of Dartmouth is Slapton Lea, a remarkable lake, nearly two miles and a quarter in length, running parallel with the beach of Start Bay, and about a quarter of a mile distant from the sea, formed by three small streams of fresh water, without any visible outlet, but supposed to find a way into the sea through the land.

It was formerly well stored with pike, perch, roach, and eels; but most of the fish were destroyed, and great part of the Lea drained, by means of a singular breach made in the sand, towards the sea, during a storm. In the winter the lake abounds with wild ducks, widgeons, teal, coots, and other birds of different species.

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DARTMOUTH, originally called “Lud-hill,” is an ancient municipal borough, seaport and market town in South Devon, with a good harbour, capable of holding more than 500 sail of merchant ships and is used as a coaling port; it is seated on the west side of the estuary of the Dart, which rises in the north of Dartmoor and after passing Totnes, where it is navigable for small vessels, is joined at a distance of seven miles from its mouth by the river Harebourn. The town is in the hundred of Coleridge, Torquay division of the county, petty sessional division of Paignton, union and county court district of Totnes, rural deanery of Ipplepen, archdeaconry of Totnes and diocese of Exeter.

By an order of the County Council, confirmed by Local Government Board Order 26,400, which came into operation March 26, 1891, the parishes of St. Petrox, St. Saviour and Townstal have been united into one parish for civil purposes under the name of Dartmouth; and by Local Government Board Order 19,441, all that part of Stoke Fleming civil parish included within the municipal borough has been added to the parish of Dartmouth.

The town is 4 miles south-west from Brixham, 28 east from Plymouth, 30 south from Exeter and 230 miles by rail and 203 by road from London. The nearest railway station is at Kingswear, on the opposite side of the estuary, which is the terminus of the branch line of the South Devon (Great Western) Railway from Newton Junction; the Great Western railway company have erected a pier at Dartmouth and steamboats ply to and fro on the arrival and departure of the trains, excepting the midnight express; there are also steamboats twice daily to and from Totnes, which has a station on the Great Western railway from Newton Abbot to Plymouth; the river is also crossed at Sandquay by a floating bridge and by another from Bayard's Cove, both worked by steam power.

In January, 1883, the Dartmouth Harbour Commissioners began the construction of an embankment, which extends from Ferry Slip to the Gras Works, a distance of 600 yards, with a roadway 50 feet wide and a pontoon opposite the Great Western railway company’s property; the total estimated cost was upward of £25,600.

Part of the western shore of the river is devoted to boat and yacht building. There is a coastguard station and a small prison, now used as a lock-up, but the borough prisoners are sent to the county prison at Exeter.

The town is most picturesquely and romantically situated, its chief portion lying in a deep valley, while the surrounding houses are built on slopes of precipitous hills, from 200 to 300 feet in height: some of the houses are of considerable age, giving the place, which is best seen from the river, much the appearance of a foreign town.

The town is lighted with gas and well supplied with water from various springs: at Lapthorne and Bosomzeal, about 3 miles north, and under a new scheme carried out in 1893, at a cost of £7,120, the water is conveyed to the town by gravitation, the supply being under the control of the Urban District Council.

Dartmouth was made corporate by Royal Charter, dated 14th April, 1342 (15 Edward III.), subsequently confirmed and enlarged by Richard II. 14th December, 1378, and 15th November, 1394; by Henry VII. 10th December, 1487; Henry VIII. 10th May, 1510; Edward VI. 8th August, 1547; Mary, 6th November, 1553; Elizabeth, 9th November, 1558, and by James I. 1604—5. Leland affirms that the privilege of mayoralty was given to the town by King John, and although this is disputed it appears certain that the inhabitants claimed to have been a free borough in the reign of Henry I. The charter of James I. continued in force until the passing of the Municipal Corporations Act, 1835 (5 & 6 William IV. c. 76), when the Corporation was remodelled, and now consists of a mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors, under the style of the “Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of the Borough of Clifton-Dartmouth-Hard-ness,” the names of three adjacent villas or manors. The borough has a commission of the peace: Dartmouth first returned members to Parliament in 1298, and subsequently in 1340, from which date two members were regularly returned until the Reform Act of 1832 (2 and 3 William IV. c. 45), when the representation was reduced to one member, and the borough was, by the “Representation of the People (Scotland) Act, 1868,” finally merged into the county representation.

The Port limits extend from Galmpton Point to Erme mouth; the Port Sanitary Authority, constituted in 1888, consists of 10 members, 5 of whom are elected by the Urban District Council of Dartmouth, 1 by the Totnes Urban District Council and 4 by the Rural District Council of Totnes. The limits of this authority include so much of the Port of Dartmouth as lies between Totnes Bridge and a line drawn across the entrance to Dartmouth Harbour, from Blackstone Point to Outer Froward Point. The number of sailing and steam vessels in the general coasting trade that entered the port, including their repeated voyages, with cargoes and in ballast, in 1900 was, 1,033 146,753 tons, the number cleared was 950 of 112,522 tons. In the trade with British possessions and foreign countries 16 vessels entered of 3,101 tons and 45 cleared of 20,201 tons. The number of vessels registered under Part I. of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, as belonging to the port, on December 31, 1900, was 57 of 1,558 tons. The number of fishing boats registered under Part IV. of the same Act and at the same date was 284 of 8,634 tons. Fishing boats and their implements belonging to this port are distinguished by the letters “D. H.”

The harbour has been remarkable from an early period for its security and the depth and tranquillity of the water; hence Camden, the historian of the 16th century, remarks:-“Upon a long hill stands Dartmouth, which, by reason of its commodiousness as a harbour, defended by two castles, is a town well stored with merchants and with the best ships.” The harbour lights at Kingswear and Dartmouth are under the direction of the Harbour Commissioners. There are two quays; the New Quay, or New Ground, is a large open space, with convenient landing place, promenade and seats, relieved by two avenues of trees and fronted by a row of shops, near the centre of which is the Castle, a commodious and first-class family hotel. The other quay is at Bayard’s Cove, on which the Custom House is situated; and is flanked on the south side by the ruins of Bayard’s Cove Castle.

The history of Dartmouth rivals in antiquity that of Totnes, and the Staxon Chronicle records the murder here, in 1049, Earl Beorn, who was slain, it is related, by Sweyn, son of Godwin, and buried in the church; William the Conqueror, according to early writers, embarked from this port in 1099, on his way to the relief of Mans, and in the reign of Richard I. on the organization of the third Crusade in 1189, a part if not the whole of the English squadron, consisting of 100 large vessels and many smaller ones, sailed from Dartmouth in April, 1190, for Marseilles and Messina,: King John visited the town in the summer of 1205, remaining from June 18th to June 22nd, and in 1214, having concluded a truce after his defeats in France, he landed here on the 15th October. In 1292—3 Dartmouth appears to have furnished six ships for the king’s service, and took part in an engagement in the Channel on 14th May, 1293, when the combined fleet of French, Flemish and Genoese was beaten off with great loss; two ships from this port also took part in the expedition of Edward I. to Scotland in 1298: and in 1347, during the war with France, 31 ships were provided for the investment of Calais: in 1404 the town was attacked by the French, who were, however, repulsed, and their leader, DuChatel, slain; and on the attempted invasion by the Spanish Armada, 1588, two vessels, the “Crescent” and the “Harte,” were fitted out, and the former is said to have engaged one of the enemy’s ships. On the breaking out of the Civil War, Dartmouth at first declared for the Parliament, and in 1643, after a month’s investment, surrendered to Prince Maurice and Sir Thomas Fairfax, 19th January, 1645—6.

In 1675 Dartmouth gave the title of baron to Charles Fitzcharles, natural son of Charles II. by Catherine, daughter of Thomas Pegg esq. of Yeldersley, but this title, together with those of Viscount Totnes and Earl of Plymouth, became extinct on his death 17th October, 1680. In 1682, December 2, the title of Baron Dartmouth was bestowed upon Admiral George Legge, afterwards created 5th September, 1711, Earl of Dartmouth and Viscount Lewisham, and these titles are still held by the Legge family.

Dartmouth has four churches. St. Clement’s, the parish church of Townstal, situated about a mile north-west of the town, on a lofty eminence, commanding both the town and harbour, is an ancient building of stone, in the Early English style, consisting of chancel, nave, transepts, north aisle with arcade of three bays, south porch and an embattled western tower, with an octagonal stair-turret and crocketed pinnacles, and containing 4 bells; the three first are respectively inscribed, in Old English characters:-“Vox Augustini sonet in aure Dei”; “Santa Katerina ora pro nobis; and “Sit nomen Domini Benedictum”; the tenor was cast by Thomas Wroth in 1700: the font consists of an octagonal panelled basin, ornamented with crosses flory, and supported on a circular stem: in the south transept is the recumbent effigy representing Simon Rede, last abbot of Torre Abbey c. 1310—50, in a long garment with sleeves, fitting closely round the neck and reaching to the feet: there is also a memorial in white marble, with arms, to Robert Holland, ob. 16th November, 1611, and others to Thomas Boone, ob. 1679; Mr. Roope, ob. 1667 and Miss M. Roope, ob. 1739; the communion plate includes an ancient silver chalice with cover, another with paten bearing the arms of Holdsworth, and an alms dish given in 1821 by the Rev. J. Charter: the church was thoroughly restored in 1884—5 at a cost of £1,720, and an organ chamber has since been erected and an organ provided: there are 350 sittings. The register dates from the year 1653. The living is a vicarage, with the parochial chapelry of St. Saviour annexed, joint net yearly value £150, including 72 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of Sir John Henry Seale bart. and held since 1890 by the Rev. Harry Frank Tracey, late R.N. The great tithes are held by the Corporation.

The vicarage was held from 1531 by Simon Rede, last abbot of Torre. John Flavel B.A. a well-known Nonconformist divine, and some time minister here, was erected in 1662.

The church of St. Saviour, standing in the centre of the town, and erected towards the end of the 14th century, is a spacious cruciform building, partly in the Decorated style, and consists of chancel with aisles, nave of five bays, aisles, transepts, vestry, north porch added in 1896, south porch, and an embattled western tower with four crocketed pinnacles, containing a clock and 8 bells, dating from 1732 to 1854: the embattled south porch bears the town arms, placed on it in 1620; the door is covered with ornamental work in wrought iron, representing lions impaled on a vine; the sacrarium is paved with Devonshire and Italian marbles: the communion table of oak is richly carved: the railings inclosing the sacrarium are of old oak removed from the roof: the oak choir stalls, designed by Mr. J. D. Sedding, architect, have finely carved ends: the oak roof is relieved by carved and gilt bosses, and those of the adjoining aisles are also of oak, massively constructed: under the chancel is a crypt, with a stone staircase leading thereto: the church retains a very fine oak rood screen of the 15th century, elaborately carved with foliage and grapes, surmounted by a double crocketed groined cornice with exquisitely wrought fan tracery; the lower portion of the screen is coloured and gilt and adorned with figures of saints and doctors of the church, and in 1891 a beautifully carved rood, presented by Messrs. Luscombe, of Exeter, was added; the elaborately carved stone pulpit, also illuminated in gold and color, has tabernacled recesses, once enclosing figures, but now containing royal badges and devices, carved in wood, and believed to date from about 1671: in the chancel are memorial windows to Emily, wife of Charles Collier, d. June 14, 1881; and to Mary and Elizh. Eales: the east window, in 1896, by Heaton, Butler & Bayne, was presented by Mr. Roope Brooking in memory of his children: there are brasses to John Hawley, merchant and founder of the chancel, ob. 30th December, 1408; and Joan, ob. 1394, and Alice, ob. 1403, his wives, with effigies of all three, and portions of a rich canopy; another brass to Gilbart Staplehill, mayor of Dartmouth, ob. c. 1600, exhibits his effigy in a furred robe, 2 feet 7 in. high, with some verses at his feet, and three shields of arms over his head; and around is a marginal inscription, now incomplete; there remains also the brass effigy of a lady, with horned head-dress, c. 1470; besides modern brasses to Catherine Hoyles, and her twin brother, who died at Bilbao, Spain; to John Flavel, the eminent Nonconformist divine, who was ejected from this living in 1662, and died at Exeter in 1691; to Dr. Harry Tracy (uncle of the present vicar, and brother of a former vicar); to the Seale and Whitney families; and to two lads drowned off the harbour in 1894. In the chancel is buried the skull of Sir Charles McCarthy, sometime governor of Sierra Leone, who was killed at Accra, in an encounter with the Ashantees, 21st January, 1824; the skull, which for a while decorated the war drum of the King of Ashantee, was recovered about 1829, and interred with some ceremony: the former altar-piece, a painting by William Brockedon, of “Christ raising the widow’s son,” has been temporarily removed to the old organ gallery: in one of the windows may still be seen the arms of Charles (Fitzcharles) Baron Dartmouth, viz. the royal coat of Charles II. with a baton sinister, vaire arg. and az. and on the fronts of the galleries and in other parts of the church are numerous shields of arms of local benefactors and persons officially connected with the church; but some of these have been incorrectly restored: the north transept window was filled with stained glass in 1901, in memory of a former vicar and his grandson: the organ, originally erected in 1784, was renovated and enlarged and rebuilt on a new site in the north chancel aisle in 1888, at a cost of £650: in 1887—8 the chancel was completely restored, under the direction of Mr. J. D. Sedding, architect, at a cost of over £4,000, to which the Misses Ann and Susannah Eales, descendants of Gilbart Staplehill, contributed £1,000: heating apparatus was also fixed at a cost of £160, but has since been renewed: the communion plate includes two silver-gilt flagons, two chalices and a paten, the latter given by William Stayne, and bearing his arms; there is also an apostle spoon: the nave was restored in 1895 by Mr. Sedding, architect: the old Corporation seats have been restored, at a cost of £40: there are 770 sittings. The register dates from the year 1586, and under the date February 28, 1663, records the baptism of Thomas Newcomen. The living is a parochial chapelry, annexed to the vicarage of Townstal. The great tithes are held by the Corporation.

The parish church of St. Petrox, one mile south of the town, on an eminence dose to the Castle, and originally a chantry chapel, is an ancient edifice of stone in the Early English style, consisting of chancel, nave and an embattled western tower, with dwarf spire, containing 5 bells, all cast by Lester and Pack in 1754, except the second, which dates from 1812: the font dates from the 12th century: in the church is a large brass to a son of John Roope, merchant, ob. 1609, with a mutilated marginal inscription: and others to Barbara Plumleigh, ob. 1610, and Dorothy Roup, ob. 1614: the church was reseated in 1885 and has 380 sittings. The register dates from the year 1652. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £192, with residence, in the gift of the rector of Stoke Fleming, and held since 1897 by the Rev. John Henry Jones.

The chapel of St. Barnabas, Southtown, a chapel of ease to St. Petrox, completed in 1831 at a cost of about £2,000, and rebuilt in 1866 at a cost of £3,600, is a building of stone in the Gothic style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles and north and south porches: a new oak screen was erected in 1901: it has 420 sittings.

The Catholic church, in Newcomen road, erected in 1869, and dedicated to St. John the Baptist, consists of chancel and nave, and has two stained windows: the reredos is adorned with statues of SS. Patrick, William of York, Winifred and Cecilia: there are 150 sittings.

The Congregational (formerly Presbyterian) chapel, founded in 1662, was originally in Foss street. In 1895—6 a new chapel of local stone was erected on the North Embankment, at a cost of £2,250, with sittings for 400 persons: the memorials include one to the Rev. John Flavel, the Nonconformist divine (1627—91), originally placed in St. Saviour’s church, but removed in the 17th century to the old chapel id Foss street: there is another of white marble to the Rev. Thomas Stenner, a former pastor.

The Wesleyan chapel in the Market square, erected in 1816, was rebuilt in 1874, at a cost of £2,000 and is a building of stone in the Greek Classic style, with sittings for 650 persons: over the chapel is a Sunday school.

The Baptist chapel in Meeting lane, founded in 1646, is a rectangular building, with sittings for 350 persons, and was thoroughly restored in 1878.

The Primitive Methodist chapel, Crowther’s Hill, erected in 1878, is an iron structure, and has 200 sittings.

The Bible Christian chapel in Newcomen road, erected in 1886, is of red brick, with stone dressings, and will seat 200 persons. The Salvation Army has a meeting room in Lower street.

The Cemetery, 1 ½ miles, north-west of the town, has two mortuary chapels, and is controlled by a committee of the town council.

The Church of England Sunday School, in South Ford road, erected in 1872, is a building of stone, with brick dressings, and comprises two large rooms, each 60 by 22 feet.

The Guildhall (built in 1867 as a Bible Christian chapel) was purchased in 1878 by the Town Council, and is now used entirely for municipal purposes.

The Corporation insignia include a mayor’s chain and badge and a pair of silver parcel-gilt maces: the latter are 1 foot 4 ½ inches in length; the heads are encircled with bands of fine cast work, and have a cresting of crosses and fleurs-de-lis; the grips are ornamented with six flanges of copper-gilt, painted; there are no hall-marks, but the date is about 1603; there are also two greater maces of silver-gilt, 28 inches in length, and of the usual form; the shafts are quite plain, but the heads are divided by winged female figures into four divisions, ornamented with devices and the armorial bearings of John Jefferys esq. and Walter Cary, representatives of Dartmouth in Parliament in 1747—54, the whole being surmounted by arched crowns with orb and cross; the flat tops of the heads bear the royal arms; the mayor’s chain and badge of gold and colored enamel, provided in 1895 at a cost of £234 5s. 6d. defrayed by public subscription, weighs 28 ¾ ounces; the existing borough seal is an embossing stamp, made in 1836, but two ancient seals are known, one c. 1280, and another of the 14th century; the mayor's seal is of the late 13th or early 14th century date, and there is another of the 16th century, but late; the Corporation also possesses a loving cup, dated 1673—4.

A market was granted to the town in 1226, and weekly markets in 1243, and another and similar grant was made by Edward I. in 1301, the town being then called “Clifton-super-Dartmouth”; the market-house wag erected by the Corporation in 1829, and here markets for provisions and vegetables are held every Friday, and a fish market daily. A market is also held on the 2nd Tuesday in each month for sheep and cattle. A regatta for yachts and boats, held in August, is largely attended.

The early closing day is on Wednesday.

The principal support of Dartmouth is shipping and yacht and boat building. There is also a large paint factory in Clarence street, employing several hands, and an important brewery at Warfleet.

The exports are small in quantity, having considerably decreased in the last few years; the total imports were £10,863 in 1891, £5,446 in 1895 and £11,611 in 1899, from foreign ports.

The Constitutional Club, formed in 1884, has premises in Victoria road, comprising a library, billiard, reading, lecture and smoking rooms, and a refreshment bar; the club had in 1901, 250 members. The Liberal Club also has premises in Victoria road, consisting of reading, recreation and billiard rooms, and has now 120 members.

The Masonic Lodge, “Hauley, No. 797,” was consecrated Sept. 1859. Lodge meetings are held monthly at Hauley hall, Lower street, on the 2nd Monday in the month. The “Dart Lodge, No. 2,641,” was consecrated on St. George’s day, April 21, 1897; lodge meetings are held monthly, except in July, August and September, at the Masonic hall, St. Saviour’s place, on the third Tuesday in the month.

Dartmouth is now the station for H.M.S. “Britannia,” 3,994 tons, the training ship for royal naval cadets, which entered the harbour 30th September, 1863, and was re-commissioned 1st July, 1892.

The Royal Naval College for Cadets, with hospital, is now (1901) in course of erection.

In 1879 Mrs. Hargreaves, through the National Life Boat Institution, presented the town with a lifeboat, named “Maud Hargreaves,” in memory of her daughter, but this boat having become unserviceable, there is now (1901) no life boat station here.

The Cottage Hospital, originally in Bayards Cove was founded in 1887 in commemoration of the Queen’s Jubilee. In 1894 a new building of red brick was erected on the South Embankment, at a total cost of £1,084, and contains beds for 13 patients.

In 1599 William Ley left £40 for building an almshouse for poor people of this borough, which, in 1810, the Corporation exchanged for a more modern building now occupied by nine poor persons. The small almshouse left by John Lovering in 1671 was burnt down, and the site is now let for £5 2s. yearly. The public charities amount to £108 15s. 8d. Francis Whitney left £100, the interest of which is to be given to the poor in clothing every Christmas day. One Heales also left £100 to the Devon and Exeter Hospital for the maintenance of one or two patients yearly from the parishes of Townstal with St. Saviour, and that of St. Petrox.

A charity known as “Townstal Church Lands” was left by different donors; the income, amounting to about £100 a year, is devoted to the repair of the trust property, and the surplus, if any, is applied to the repairs of Townstal church.

The Ford charity, originally an estate in the parish of Blackawton, was sold to the late Col. Ridgway and the proceeds invested in Consols, now producing a gross income of £80 a year.; the balance of this amount after paying working expenses is disposed of as follows: one-fifth to the preaching minister of St. Petrox church, one-fifth to the poor of St. Petrox parish, one-fifth to the poor of Townstal parish and two-fifths to the poor of St. Saviour’s.

Dartmouth Castle, erected by Henry VIII. for the defence of the harbour, now consists of one or two towers, and forms a picturesque feature, although useless for defensive purposes; but a casemated battery, commanding the entrance to the river, mounted with five pieces of heavy ordnance, has been erected near it.

Dartmouth was the birthplace, in Feb. 1663, of Thomas Newcomen, son of Elias Newcomen, and great-grandson of Elias Newcomen, rector of Stoke Fleming, in this county; he was a studious man, of unassuming manners, and an ironmonger in this town, and according to tradition invented the steam-engine, from watching; the teakettle on his fire: his engine was in active operation in 1705, and is acknowledged to have been the first self-acting steam-engine: the reputed original model of this machine is preserved in the museum of King’s College. Newcomen, though occupying in his native place an inferior social position, was the direct descendant of the ancient Lincolnshire family of Newcomen of Saltfleetby, which can be traced to the close of the 12th century, and were baronets of Kenagh in Ireland from 1625 to 1789. When the thoroughfare, now called Newcomen road, was formed in Nov. 1864, and Newcomen’s residence in the Lower street demolished, Mr. Thomas Lidstone, architect, of Dartmouth, purchased the interesting remains, and incorporating with them a quantity of carved wood, stone and plaster, recovered from other local buildings, built a large detached residence on the Ridgway, and called it “Newcomen Cottage.” He also preserved here the clavel or key stone of the fireplace at which Newcomen Sat. when he first meditated upon the power of steam, and this house has consequently become an object of some attraction to archaeologists and tourists.

John Hawley, an extensive shipowner and merchant, was also a native of Dartmouth, and represented the borough in Parliament, 1399—1408; his son, also John Hawley, and member for Dartmouth during the reigns of Henry IV., V. and VI. married Emmiline, daughter and heir of Sir Robert Tresillian, Lord Chief Justice of the King’s Bench in the time of Richard II.; the elder Hawley was buried, as mentioned above, in the chancel of St. Saviour’s church. There was formerly an ancient well in Southford lane, used by ophthalmic patients, but it is now filled up. In Duka street are three houses carved on the exterior, and dated respectively 1635 and 1640: the upper storey projects over the footway, and is supported by stone columns. The first floor of No. 4 is stated to have been the reception room of King Charles I. and has the royal arms carved in oak over the fireplace: in Fosse street is another ancient house. The best example, however, of old Dartmouth architecture is the Shamble House, in Higher street, which has been recently restored.

Warfleet, at the bottom of a small inlet near the town, is a picturesque valley, with detached residences; Warfleet House is the residence of Lady Freake. At the northern point of this inlet was formerly a round tower, called “Paradise Fort,” mentioned by Gen. Fairfax in his letter to the Parliament; it has now been removed to make room for a marine villa, called “Ravensbury,” the residence of Commander Robert Orme Orme-Webb R.N., J.P. which commands extensive views of the Channel and the opposite shore. Hyde Hill, pleasantly situated, is the residence of Sir Arthur Arnold J.P. Mount Boone, formerly the seat of the late Sir H. P. Seale bart. (d. 1897) is now in a ruinous condition; during the Civil War it was fortified, and armed with 22 guns, but was taken by storm by Col. Pride previous to the capitulation of the town. Norton Park is the seat of Sir John Henry Seale bart. D.L., J.P. lord of the manors of Norton Dawney and Southtown; Lewis Richard Netherton esq. of Bowden House, Stoke Fleming, is lord of the manor of Stoke Fleming; and these, with Hugh Mair esq. D.L. of Phyllis Court, Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, the trustees of the Raleigh estate and the trustees of the late Joseph Baxendale esq. are the principal landowners.

Clifton, Dartmouth and Hardness, which together form the corporate name of the town, are three co-adjacent vills or manors. Clifton, included in Southtown, contained St. Petrox church and the castle; Dartmouth, in the 13th century, belonged to Totnes, and Hardness, now called “Sandquay,” was in the manor of Norton, to which Townstal, called in Domesday “Dunestal,” was an appendage.

The population of the ecclesiastical parishes in 1891 was: St. Petrox, 896, and St. Saviour with Townstal, 5,046.

The area of the borough is 1,924 acres of land and 58 of foreshore; rateable value, £19,646. The population of the borough in 1891 was 6,025 and in 1901 was 6,579, including 81 on board H.M.S. “Britannia” Training Ship for Cadets and 9 on H.M.S. “Wave.”

VOLUNTEERS

2nd Devonshire Volunteer Artillery, Western Division Royal Garrison Artillery, Nos. 1 & 2 Companies (Dart. mouth & Salcombe).

V.D. commanding; No. 1 Company, Dartmouth.

PLACES OF WORSHIP, with times of Services

St. Clement’s Church, Townstal, Rev. Harry F. Tracey, vicar; 11 a.m..; & 6.30 p.m. in summer.

St. Petrox, Dartmouth castle, Rev. John Henry Jones, vicar; 6.30 p.m. during summer.

St. Saviour’s, Rev. Harry F. Tracey, vicar; Sun. 8, 10.30 & 11 a.m.. & 3.30 & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. & Fri. noon & 6 or 7 p.m.

St. Barnabas Chapel of Ease to St. Petrox, South town; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 8 a.m.

St. John the Baptist Catholic, Newcomen road, Rev. John Charles McCarthey, priest; 8 & 10.30 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 8.30 a.m.

Baptist, Meeting lane, Rev. Walter Tucker Soper, ministar; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

Bible Christian, Newcomen road; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.15 p.m.

Brethren’s Meeting, Clarence street, 6.30 p.m.

Brethren’s Room, Victoria road; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

Congregational, North embankment, Rev. John Thomas Ham Paynter; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Primitive Methodist, Crowther’s hill; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Salvation Army, Lower street; 11 a.m.. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.

Wesleyan Methodist, Market square (Dartmouth & Brixham circuit), Rev. William Hedley & Rev. Verrant Wills; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

SCHOOLS

A School Board of 5 members was formed January 25, 1871, & increased to 7 members in 1895; Robert Walter Prideaux, Hanover street, clerk to the board; John Winsor Jermond, Newcomen road, attendance officer.

Board School, Higher street, built in 1874 & enlarged in 1882, at a cost of £5,000, for 800 children; average attendance, 303 boys, 277 girls & 260 infants.

The British School, New road, erected in 1849, is now closed.

Catholic School (girls), Newcomen road, built in 1869 & enlarged in 1896, for 100 children; average attendance, 46.

The National school rooms of St. Petrox, South town, for 300 children, are now used as a Sunday school & for general parochial purposes.