Exeter is a city and the capital of Devonshire, is situated on the river Exe, 172 miles from London, about twenty- four miles from the eastern extremity of Devon, and thirty miles from Cornwall; nine miles from the sea towards the south, and thirty miles from the Bristol Channel.

Exeter is a place of great antiquity, having been a British settlement long previous to the Roman invasion. Camden says, "This city is called by Ptolemy Isca, by Antoninus Isca Dunmonium, for Danmoniorum; by others, falsely, Augusta, as if the Legio. II. Aug. had been stationed there; "by the Saxons Exancestre, and Monketon, from the Monks; now Exester, in Latin Exinia, in British Caer-Isc, Caer- ush, and Penraer, g. d. a chief city. "This city," says Malmsbury, "though situate in a marshy and dreary soil, which will scarcely yield bad oats, often Only producing empty husks without grain, yet by its magnificence, the wealth of its inhabitants, and the resort of strangers, carries on so great a trade, that nothing useful is wanting in it." It stands on the east side of the Isca, on a hill gently sloping to the east, but more steep to the west; is defended by stout ditches, and walls with many towers; is in circuit a mile and a half, with several large suburbs; has fifteen parish churches, and in the highest part of it, near the east gate, a castle anciently called Rougemont, once the seat of the Saxon kings, afterwards of the Earls of Cornwall, now remarkable only for its antiquity and situation. It commands the city and country below, and a fine view of the sea.

"In the east part of the city is the cathedral church, surrounded with handsome buildings, founded by King Athelstan, in honour of St. Peter, and filled by monks, according to the history of the place. Afterwards Edward the Confessor, the monks being removed to Westminster, placed here a bishop’s see, transferring hither the sees of Cornwall and Credition, and appointing Leofric, a Briton, the first bishop, whose successors enlarged the church with buildings and revenues, and William Bruer, the ninth in succession from him, in 1224, instead of the displaced monks, introduced a dean and 24 prebendaries."

The north and east gates have been removed, in order to widen these entrances into the city. The interior arch of the south gate, Dr. Stukeley supposed to have been Roman workmanship; the west gate is taken down, and the south gate, which contains the city prison, having been presented as a nuisance, has been accordingly removed.

The city of Exeter is very pleasantly situated upon a hill on the east side of the river Exe, which flows round the south-west side of the town. The cleanliness and salubrity of the situation is much promoted by the ground being high through the middle of the town, sloping off on every side; the ground again rising to the north and east of the city, to a considerable degree of elevation, from whence the views are particularly beautiful. The principal street has an ancient appearance, but several handsome buildings have been erected within the last twenty or thirty years, and new streets formed, equal in every respect to any others in the kingdom. These streets have been newly paved, and lighted with gas. Among the ancient buildings of Exeter, the venerable and magnificent cathedral is entitled to our first attention. It was begun by Leofric, the first bishop of Exeter, in the eleventh century, and the work continued until its completion by his immediate successors, particularly by William Warburton, the third bishop, who was a Norman, and had been chaplain to the Conqueror, and his two sons, William and Henry. This prelate considerably enlarged the plan of the cathedral, and laid the foundation of the present choir; to him the towers yet remaining are probably to be ascribed: they are perfectly similar in style to the buildings of Gundulphus, his contemporary; and much more resemble the magnificence of the Normans, than the simplicity of the English Saxons. The building received great damage during the siege of Exeter by King Stephen, in 1138, when it was plundered and burnt. The repairs were finally completed by Henry Marshall, who became bishop in 1194. Bishop Blondy is said to have been a worthy benefactor to this church, contributing very liberally towards the building of the same. Walter Bronescombe, his successor, added a chapel on the south side of the east end, dedicated to St. Gabriel, intended for his place of sepulchre, and his tomb still remains. Bishop Quivil, who succeeded Bronescombe in 1281, perfected the grandeur and beauty of the plan for the present cathedral. It was he who "first began to enlarge and increase his church, from the chancel downwards." And as Sir II. Englefield observes, "the uniformity of the structure, as it at present stands, seems to prove beyond a doubt, that the whole (as the uniform tradition of different writers has delivered down to us) was the fruit of one great design, and its singular elegance does as much honour to the taste, as its noble size does to the munificence of the founder.,, The two heavy Norman towers were, under the direction of this prelate, converted into transepts, and one side of each tower was taken away, nearly half its height from the ground, in order to construct an arch of sufficient strength to support the remaining upper part. Windows were opened in the towers to light the newly-formed transept, corresponding in style to those introduced into the upper part of the choir. A building of the dimensions of this cathedral could scarcely be erected in the life of one bishop. We accordingly find that, during the time of Quivil’s successor, Button, great sums were in different years expended on the work; and the choir was not finished till the year 1318, in the time of Bishop Stapledon, who adorned it with two images of St. Peter and St. Paul, and filled the windows with stained glass.

Five arches on each side of the nave towards the west, were added to the cathedral by Bishop Grandison, who was consecrated at Rome the 18th of October, 1327, and afterwards preferred to the see of Exeter by Edward III. This prelate also "vaulted the whole roof of the nave," and decorated the west front with a magnificent external skreen, or facade, which is profusely ornamented with niches, tracery, statues, &c.; he also made some additions to the cloisters, and constructed an elegant chapel for himself behind the skreen above mentioned.

In the description of the cathedral, published by the Society of Antiquarians, this beautiful piece of work is thus described: —"It is divided into three parts, separated in some degree by two projecting parts or buttresses; but both of them comprehended in the regular design. In the centre part is the principal entrance into the church; and on the right of it are the small windows of Bishop Grandison’s chapel; in the two other divisions are the small entrances, which differ in their form. The angles on each extremity of the skreen are different; the principal parts of it are a plinth with mouldings, on which rises a regular number of divisions, separated by small regular buttresses enriched. Each division contains two tier of niches; the lower one has a pedestal of three sides with pannels, and embattled at top, from which issue angels, either placed against, or embracing small clusters of columns; they display an elegant variety of attitudes, &c.

"On the pedestals of the small windows there is but one column, though there are more capitals, corresponding with the rest of the several capitals, the support and assemblage of royal personages, who are seated, some in their robes, and some in very splendid armour. Those statues on the buttresses, which are standing, are religious; the one that is perfect on the right, a bishop. Over the entrance of the left part of the skreen are three of the cardinal virtues; the fourth destroyed. The first, from the scales, Justice; the second, from the lance and shield, Fortitude; the third, from the religious dress and the heart in her hands, Discipline: they each have a crown on their heads, and are trampling under their feet, prostrate figures, emblematic of their opposite vices.

"In the spandrils of the arch of the principal entrance are four angels reposing; and in four small niches, on the side of the architraves, are small statues of royal personages seated. Over the entrance of the third part, issue from small ornamented brackets, two royal personages, and between them a griffin. On the returns or sides of the buttress, are four more royal persons. The canopies to the niches differ on the buttresses, and from the four first divisions on the third part. In the second tier all the statues are standing, except in the niche joining the centre small angular buttress, in which is a royal figure seated; in his right hand the remains of a sceptre, and in the, other a book, his feet on a globe, which is divided into three parts: below is a shield with the arms of the see quartered with the old Saxon kings’, supported by two kneeling angels. The corresponding statue is gone, though the shield with the arms of England and Edward the Confessor, supported likewise with angels, remains.

The five statues on each side, comprehend ten of the Apostles with their attributes. On the buttresses are the four Evangelists, with their symbols at their feet. The rest of the statues which fill the remaining niches, have no particular badge to distinguish them. There are likewise four more statues in this line, on the returns of the buttresses; but they have no distinguishing marks. The statue on the angle at the extremity to the right in this tier, is St. Michael triumphing over Lucifer. The heads of the niches differ also in the buttresses; but those in the third part alter their designs entirely. The line of the entablature continues to the right-hand buttress, and then loses part of its width. The battlements on the first and third parts are of a most uncommon fancy; angels appear between the openings, some playing on musical instruments, and others in attitudes of devotion. The battlements of the centre part, and buttresses, are open and much enriched. "

Sir Henry Englefield notices some particular varieties in the architecture, viz. "The northern side door differs extremely from the southern. The former is much plainer than any other part of the skreen, and much resembles, in its decorations, the north porch. The southern door is much richer than any other part; the arch of entrance is singularly beautiful, and the four niches over it are of the most elegant form possible. May it not be suspected that these lateral parts were erected after the central building, and that Bishop Grandison’s skreen was terminated by the two projecting buttresses which divide the present fabric into three parts? "

The length of the whole church is 390 feet, and its breadth 75. In the clear it is said to measure as follows, viz. the length of the library is 57 feet, the breadth 24 feet; from the library to the choir aisle door clear 1481/2 feet, and from thence to the west end 174 feet.

The stones with which the walls of this noble edifice were principally built, according to Bishop Lyttleton, came from Beer, near Colyton, in Devon; the vaulting stone, of which the roof is composed, from Silverton, in the same county; the pavement of the choir from Caen in Normandy, by sea, to Topsham. — The vestry belonging to St. Mary’s Chapel, rebuilt in Henry VIth's time, of Woneford stone, all which appears by the fabric rolls. The thin fine pillars, which are seen in every part of the church, and idly supposed to be an artificial composition, came from the Isle of Purbeck, near Corfe, in Dorset.

The chapter-house is a handsome quadrangular room, supposed to have been built by Bishop Lacy, in 1430. Sir H. Englefield rather thinks this prelate only built the upper part of it; observing, that "the lower part of this elegant room is so different from that of the superstructure, and so much resembling the architecture of the church, that it is highly probable that Bishop Quivil, who is recorded to have begun the cloisters, did also build, or at least begin, the chapter-house."

There are some specimens of painted glass in the windows of the cathedral, which are very large and of uniform shape, but each adorned with differently formed tracery. The east and west windows in particular are remarkably fine; the west window is modern.

The organ is supposed to be one of the finest in England, and is very large; there is one pipe fifteen inches in diameter. It was built by John Loosemore, in 1665, and has since been considerably improved by Jordan and Micheau. This instrument is in very high estimation for its fine tone; the stop called the double diapason, is an octave below the common pitch, and contains pipes supposed to be the largest in the kingdom, which are not within the organ case, but attached to the side columns of the building.

Bishop Courtenay, to whom the church is indebted for a curious astronomical clock under the north tower, also gave the great Peter bell, which was brought from Landaff, where it went by that name; said by Prince to weigh 12, 500 pounds, and is still suspended at the very top of the north tower. The chapels erected at different periods within the cathedral, have in general become the burial places of the bishops who founded them. The library is in St. Mary’s; St. Andrew's is used as a vestry by the canons and prebendaries, and St. James’s as a vestry for the priest vicars.

Among other curious tombs and monumental inscriptions in this cathedral, are those to the memory of Humphry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex; Hugh Courtenay, Earl of Devon; Margaret his wife, daughter of the above earl; Philip Courtenay, their son; and of many other illustrious and private persons. There is also an elegant cenotaph, to the memory of the late Lieut. -Gen. Simcoe, C. W. D. executed by Mr. Flaxman.

There are fifteen churches within the walls of Exeter, besides the cathedral, and four in the suburbs: these are small, and do not require particular notice. There are also several Dissenters’ meeting-houses, and a Jews’ synagogue.

The city and suburbs of Exeter occupy a space of ground about one mile and three quarters in length and one mile in breadth. In the year 1769 the walls were entire, but many parts have been since destroyed.

The remains of Rougemont-castle, once the seat of the West Saxon Kings, and since, of the Dukes of Exeter, are to be seen in the highest part of the city, on the north side. Grafton, in his Chronicle, says this building was the work of Julius Caesar. Rougemont-castle held out for some time against the conqueror; but a part of the wall falling down, it was surrendered at discretion.

There was a curious ancient building in Water-lane, supposed by Ducarel, in his Anglo-Norman Antiquities, to have been the first Christian church in Exeter. It appeared to be of the same style of architecture, and of equal antiquity, with the south gate. The old Guildhall is a very confined building, with a portico front, projecting considerably into the street.

Among the many charitable institutions in this city, the Devon and Exeter Hospital, for the benefit of the indigent sick, founded by Dr. Alured Clark, Dean of Exeter, in 1740, deserves particular commendation. It was opened for the reception of patients on New-year's day, 1747. —For the maintenance and education of the infant poor, there are no less than ten establishments, besides numerous Sunday-schools. Here are also several well-endowed alms-houses, for the decayed and indigent inhabitants of the city. Among these, the principal is Wynard’s, or God’s House, for the maintenance of twelve poor people; each of whom has a neat habitation, with a small garden annexed, and an allowance of money, both weekly and annually. The founder of this charity was William Wynard, Recorder of Exeter, in the reigns of Henry V. and Henry VI. who bequeathed various lands and hereditaments in the city and county of Devon for its support. The charitable institutions are: 1. The West of England Infirmary, for curing diseases of the eye; 2. Humane Society for the recovery of drowned people; 3. Lunatic Asylum; 4. Lying-in Charity; 5. Stranger’s Friend Society, for the relief of distressed strangers, &c.; the Institution for promoting Science, Literature, and other Arts, schools on Bell’s and Lancaster’s plans, &c. &c.

The Bishop of Exeter’s palace, on the south-east side of the cathedral, is an ancient and very respectable building, supposed to have been either built or enlarged by Bishop Courtenay, in the reign of Edward IV. This bishop’s arms, with those of England, and the badge of St. Anthony, are emblazoned over a curious chimney-piece in the hall, and have been presented to the public in an engraving published by the Society of Antiquaries.

The new County House of Correction at Exeter, completed in 1810, was described by the late J. Nield, Esq. as an extensive and noble structure, being equally admired for the solidity of its construction, the excellence of its masonry, and its handsome appearance, which will remain a lasting honour to the county of Devon. It stands on somewhat more than an acre and a half of ground, and is situate in a field, on a fine eminence adjoining to the county goal. Its foundation was laid near three years since; and underneath is placed a tin plate, with the following inscription:

"The Foundation-stone of this House of Correction was laid by Samuel Frederick Milford, Esq. Chairman of a Committee of Magistrates of the County of Devon, in the presence of the said Committee, on the 22nd day of August, in the year 1807.

"Geo. Moneypenny, Architect. "The prison is encircled by a boundary wall, twenty- two feet high; in the front of which is the keeper's lodge, a handsome stone building, rendered very conspicuous by a noble gate of entrance, sixteen feet high and eight feet wide; adorned with rustic cinctures and arch-stones of uncommon grandeur, adopted from a design of the Earl of Burlington, as executed in the flanks of Burlington-house, Piccadilly. Above the gate is a stone cornice, crowned with a tablet, on which is inscribed:

"The House of Correction for the County of Devon: erected in the year 1809."

On passing the lodge, in which are the turnkey's apartments, amply fitted up with every accommodation, a spacious flag-stone pavement leads through a neat shrubbery to the keeper’s house, an octagon building, situate in the centre of the prison; on the ground-floor of which are a committee-room for the magistrates, a parlour for the keeper, an office-room, and a kitchen; and underneath, in the basement story, are large vaulted apartments for domestic purposes.

The House of Correction consists of three wings, detached from the keeper’s house by an area twelve feet wide; each wing containing two prisons totally distinct, so that there are six divisions for as many classes of prisoners, with a spacious court-yard appropriated to each, surrounded by wrought-iron railing, six feet high, which prevents access to the boundary-wall, and preserves a free communication of twelve feet in breadth betwixt the wall and the court-yards.

The entrances to all the court-yards and prison apartments open from the area round the keeper’s house, through wrought-iron grated gates opposite the several windows of his apartments.

There are also iron-grated apertures in the arcades of the ground-floor, which open into the area; so that the whole prison is completely inspected, and the different classes attended to, without the necessity of passing or entering the court-yards; the keeper, from the windows of his own dwelling, having a view into the airing-grounds and work-shops of all the divisions.

In each court-yard, on the ground floor, are spacious vaulted arcades, fitted up as works-hops for light employment, and in which a number of prisoners are occupied in weaving, picking and sorting wool, beating hemp, cutting bark, &c. Adjoining to the arcade in each division, is a day-room, lighted by two large sash windows, and fitted up with a patent kitchen stove, which answers every purpose of domestic cookery. Between the stone piers that support the vaulted ceiling of the day-rooms, are wooden dressers; and benches of wood are placed round the rooms. The prisoners have access to the day-rooms only during their meals, and for one hour previously to their being locked up.

On the first floor of each division, to which the ascent is by stone staircases, are six cells, and on the second floor six others, making in all seventy-two; each seven feet by ten, and ten feet six inches high to the crown of the arch; lighted and ventilated by iron- grated apertures over the doors, of two feet six inches by one foot, without glass. Each cell is fitted up with one, and some with two wooden bedsteads, in the form of those used in the Royal Hospital at Haslar, to be used in case of necessity. All the cells open into spacious and lofty arcades, guarded by iron rails; and thus a free circulation of air is preserved, which cannot fail to render this prison always more healthful than it could be with close confined passages, into which the cells and rooms of other prisons too generally open. The floors of all the cells and arcades are paved with large flag-stones, and the cell-doors lined with iron plates.

On the upper floor, at the back of the right and left wing, are two rooms, each thirteen feet six inches by ten feet, and ten feet six inches high to the crown of the arch, set apart for faulty apprentices. These rooms are lighted by sash windows, and have a fireplace in each; the floors are paved with flag-stones, and each room is fitted up with wooden bedsteads, in like manner as the cells.

On the first floor of the keeper’s house is the chapel, an irregular octagon, 38 feet in diameter, and 11 feet high; lighted by eight large sash windows, and neatly divided by framed partition pews, which are so heightened by crimson blinds, as to prevent the classes seeing each other. The prisoners have a communication with the chapel, from the first floor of the arcades, into the different divisions set apart for each class of prisoners, where they enter and return, without mixing with, or being in sight of each other.

This prison is supplied with fine water from a reservoir (placed on an arcade in the area between the back wing of the prison and the keeper’s house), which is filled from a well underneath by an hydraulic pump of excellent contrivance, that is worked by the prisoners every morning. From the reservoir, pipes are laid into all the day-rooms of the prison, the turnkey’s lodge, and the kitchen of the keeper’s house; in each of which rooms, eight in number, is fixed a stone trough, with a pipe and cock.

The sewers of this prison are judiciously placed at the ends of the different wings; they are spacious, lofty, well ventilated, and the vaults are 30 feet deep.

All the areas and walks round the prison, and the arcades and day-rooms, are paved with large flagstones, and the six court-yards with fine gravel. The roofs of the whole building are so constructed as to shelter the walls and the foot-paths round the prison in wet weather. They project five feet beyond the walls, and the soffit of the projection is relieved by cantilivers, in the manner of the early Grecian temples; of which the church of St. Paul, Covent-garden, is an example.

At the back of the prison, and communicating therewith, is a spacious work-yard, in which are some extensive working-shops, for the purpose of more laborious employment than is carried on immediately within the prison; such as hewing and polishing stone, sawing timber, cutting bark, &c. In this work-yard are two sewers and a pump, which affords a supply of very fine water.

It is in contemplation to erect an hospital for the use of the Gaol and Bridewell; which will be a detached building, and contain airy wards for male and female invalids, with hot and cold baths.

The rules and regulations for the government of this prison are excellent: their principal tendency is to enforce cleanliness, morality, and habits of industry. The greatest stress is also laid on the constant separation of the prisoners into distinct classes, arranged according to the respective nature of their offences; so that the more criminal may no longer corrupt those who have been committed for slight offences, and thus render them far more depraved than before their imprisonment; which was inevitably the case in the Old Bridewell.

The city of Exeter has, from time immemorial, possessed considerable municipal privileges. In the reign of King John, the corporation paid a fine of 110 marks for a confirmation of their charter. In the reign of Edward I. the burgesses and citizens pleaded, that their city was an ancient demesne, and that they held it in fee-farm of the crown, paying 39l. 15s. 3d. To support this claim, they referred to the charter of Henry III. made to his brother Richard, king of the Romans, whereby they further challenged return of writs, a gallows, pillory, &c. and a fair of four days, besides their weekly markets; which liberties they certified they enjoyed since the time of the Conquest; upon which they were allowed. In the time of Henry VIII. the city was constituted a county of itself. The government of the corporation is vested in a mayor, a recorder, and common council, seven of whom are aldermen and justices of the peace, a town-clerk, under-sheriff, four serjeants-at-mace, and some inferior officers. The mayor has four chaplains, three stewards, and a sword-bearer. Civil causes are tried by the mayor, or his officers, who have cognizance of all pleas, hear all causes between party and party, and determine them with the advice of the recorder, aldermen, and council of the city; but criminal causes and breaches of the peace are determined by the aldermen, who are justices.

The corporate bodies in it are thirteen in number, each of them governed by officers annually chosen among themselves; and their revenues are very considerable. —About a mile east of Exeter is Heavitree, formerly called Woneford, the seat of John Baring, Esq. given by Henry I. to Geoffry de Mandeville, warden of the castle of Exeter. In the twenty-seventh of Henry III. it became the property of William Kelly, and it continued in the possession of his descendants until 1773, when Arthur Kelly, Esq. sold the manor to Mr. Baring. This place was the birthplace of Richard Hooker, the author of the "Ecclesiastical Polity, "and Arthur Duck, the civilian.

The city of Exeter has sent representatives to Parliament from the earliest period of parliamentary history. The magistrates, freemen, and resident freeholders, amounting in number to about 1200 persons, possess the right of election.

Exeter, as a commercial city, supports four newspapers. —1. Exeter Flying Post; 2. Exeter Gazette; 3. Western Luminary; 4. The Alfred: and the time of the post setting out is regulated as follows:

The post sets out for London, and every place beyond that city, every morning at half past four o’clock, Saturday excepted.

The post sets out for every stage eastward, except London, every morning at half past four o’clock.

The post sets out for Bath, Bristol, Manchester, all Wales, and every other stage north-east from Exeter, every morning at three o’clock.

The post sets out for Plymouth, Dartmouth, and every stage to the south-west of Exeter, every morning at one o’clock.

The post sets out for Barnstaple, Bideford, Torrington, Stratton, and every place north-west of Exeter, every night at twelve o’clock.

The post sets out for Falmouth, and every stage to the west of Exeter, every morning at one o’clock.

The post sets out for Topsham, Exmouth, Sidford, Sidmouth, Otterton, and Colyton, every morning at one o’clock.

N. B. Letters for all parts of the kingdom must be put into the post-office before nine o’clock in the evening.

There also are several literary societies, and many excellent libraries, open to the public. Assemblies and balls are frequent and well attended, and the various watering-places and tea-gardens in the neighbourhood, contribute towards the amusement and general entertainment of the inhabitants of the city of Exeter.

On the north side of the city, behind the county Sessions-house, is a most beautiful promenade, called

the, very justly the pride of the citizens, and the admiration of strangers. On Southernhay is the Devon and Exeter Hospital, a spacious building, erected in the year 1741, and since supported by voluntary subscriptions In 1801 an asylum for lunatics was built under the patronage of characters of the first respectability in the parish of St. Thomas.

The city has two market-days, on Wednesday and Friday, the last of which is the largest; and four fairs—the principal is that called Lammas, held in the beginning of August: the charter for the same is perpetuated by a glove of immense size, stuffed and carried through the city on a pole, attended with music, and afterwards placed on the top of the Guildhall, when the fair commences, which lasts two days, and on taking down the glove, the fair terminates.

Exeter has long been famous for the woollen trade in serges, druggets, duroys, kerseys, and everlastings, which being bought in a rough state by the traders of Exeter, are here dyed and finished for home consumption and exportation. Before the late war, Spain was the principal market for many of these articles; but though this and other foreign markets have declined, the East India Company are still said to purchase long ells to the amount of about 100, 000l. yearly; and a cotton manufactory, on the banks of the Exe, at one time employed 300 persons.

The ground enclosed within the wall is nearly in the form of a parallelogram, four furlongs in length, and three in breadth. The streets and houses, particularly in the High-street, have an appearance of antiquity. Besides the cathedral, the buildings most worthy of notice, are the bishop’s palace, the new gaol, the barracks, the circus, the theatre, and the county hospital.

The new bridge over the Exe, at the west entrance of the city, is very handsomely built of stone, at the expence of nearly 20, 000l. owing to the difficulty encountered in the rapidity of the stream. Vessels of large burthen lie at Topsham; but by means of a canal, small craft can convey their cargoes to Exeter, and unload at the quay, which is very spacious, having on it the Custom-house, and other necessary buildings.

The flour-mill on the leat near Exeter quay is a singular construction: it was erected by Mr. Abraham Richardson of that city, and for beauty and strength, is said to surpass any other in the west of England. The principal wheel is twelve feet in diameter, which, together with the fall underneath it, and all the other wheels and shafts, is composed of cast-iron, weighing upwards of six tons, and is capable of working four pair of stones, even at high water, when no other mill on the leat can work.

An establishment similar to the Apothecaries'-hall of London has been opened in this city, for the benefit of the public at large, under the direction of some respectable professional men.

In the summer of 1822, the Commissioners for the improvement of Exeter, had plans in agitation to take down Broadgate, and widen the avenue, by the removal of the houses on each side; however, as their funds would not admit of laying out more than 700l., it was agreed, that at their next meeting, they should examine a plan for removing the houses on the right hand leading in from Fore-street, and for taking down the gate. The Dean and Chapter gave their consent, but declined contributing to the expence.

Exeter was first lighted with gas in the year 1817.

The most remarkable vestige of the conventual buildings is a crypt with massive Saxon arches in Mint-lane, which has been converted into a kitchen, now in the occupation of Mr. William Baker.

The Roman Catholic Chapel built in 1792, and the Rev. Mr. Oliver’s house, stand on part of the site of some of these buildings.

The Episcopal charity schools in Exeter are open to the children of all the Exeter parishes. In four of these, 250 children are educated; the boys in reading, writing, and arithmetic; the girls in reading, sewing, and knitting. A handsome school-house for this charity has lately been built in the parish of St. Paul, and opened at Midsummer 1818. A diocesan central school had been opened in 1812, on Dr. Bell’s system. Besides these there are two supported by Dissenters. In one of these, in the out parish of St. Sidwell, sixty children, boys and girls, are educated and clothed. In a Sunday-school there are about 150 children of both sexes. The hospital for the sick, lame, and wounded persons, originally founded in 1741, now contains 140 beds.

In the year 1819 a Female Penitentiary was established in this city.

A Devon and Exeter Institution for the promotion of science, literature, and the arts, was established at Exeter in 1813, by some gentlemen of the city and its neighbourhood. A handsome building has been fitted up for the purpose with two spacious libraries, galleries for a Museum, and reading-rooms. Here is an extensive herbarium of British plants, and a fine collection of Devonshire mosses.

At the Hotel in the close is an assembly-room, which was the only one for such uses before the year 1820, when a spacious handsome room for concerts was built near the New London Inn.

The theatre, with a handsome stone front, stands between Bedford-crescent and Southernhay: this building, excepting the front, was destroyed by fire in 1820, but has since been rebuilt.

The barrow on Haldown is known to the country round, by the appellation of the great stone-heap, which, though originally of a conical form, as are all the tumuli in these parts, being now intersected by an opening made in 1780, affords a singular and conspicuous object to the subjacent country. The form of this barrow was nearly circular, being more than 200 feet in circumference, and in height about 15. By the aid of 14 men, a passage into it was effected almost due east, about eight feet wide. At nearly the same space from thy margin was discovered a dry wall about two feet high, which was separated from without, by very large stones in the form of piers or buttresses. On arriving near the centre, a great many huge stones (all of them flint) were seen placed over one another, in a convex manner; and in the centre, a larger stone, nearly globular, two feet in diameter, covering a cell on the ground two feet square, which was formed by four stones of considerable size, placed upright on their edges. In this cave, or Kitvaen, the urn was found inverted, containing the ashes and the burnt bones of a youth, as was probable from their being small, and with little muscular impression. When the urn was removed, these appeared as white as snow, but lost that whiteness soon after they were exposed to the air. These were supposed to have been the remains of a person of dignity, whose surviving friends, in honour to his memory, had taken care to have them well burnt and blanched by the intenseness of the fire. The bones remaining half burnt, was considered by the Greeks as the highest disgrace that could be offered to the dead body.

Haldon-house, the seat of Sir Lawrence Palk, Bart, is situated at the north-western extremity of the Vale of Kenn, about four miles and a half south of Exeter, in the midst of a demesne of 450 acres. The house stands on an elevated situation, commanding from its principal front an extensive and beautiful view, comprehending the Vale of Kenn, the Belvidere, and the Powderham Plantations, &c. on the south-east, and on the Exe, Woodsbury-hill, Sidmouth-hill, and many other places. The house was built by Sir George Chudleigh, Bart., about the year 1735, and at length by purchase became the property of the late Sir Robert Palk.

There are several good paintings at this house, chiefly landscapes, and a library containing some very valuable manuscripts, relating wholly to the history of Devonshire, and a cabinet of curious medals, from the late Dr. Trapp’s collection.

The grounds are beautifully laid out, and amidst the flourishing plantations which cover Haldon-hill to the west and south, there is a castellated building of three stories, dedicated by the above-mentioned Sir Robert Palk to the memory of his friend General Lawrence, whose services in India were so valuable to his country. A statue of the general, as large as life, on a pedestal of black marble, is placed at the entrance.

From the top of this hill, which is 818 feet above the level of the sea, towards the left, is a fine view of Exeter, Topsham, Lympstone, and Exmouth. On the right bank of the Exe may be seen Powderham- castle, George Clack, Esq.; beyond it, the woods of the Right Hon. Sir George Hewett, Bart., at Mam-head. Here is also a view of Mount Radford, H. Porter, Esq.; and of Nutwell-court, Sir T. T. Fuller Elliott Drake, Bart.; High Torr Rocks, Oxton-house, &c.

The southern extremity of this town, called the Strand, is by far the most pleasant: here the river flows within a short distance from the houses, which are chiefly occupied by persons of distinction. The prospect here is highly interesting, embracing a range of mountains, distant shipping, a beautifully verdant vale, and churches occasionally glimmering through woods, crowded with majestic timber.

Topsham, in 1821, contained 567 houses, and 3156 inhabitants.

Just beyond the five-mile stone on the left hand, is Ebford-house, the residence of T. H. Lee, Esq.; and on the summit of the hill, a little further on, that of Sir Digory Forest, having a fine view of the ocean and the country south-west to a considerable distance. About seven miles onward to the right, on the banks of the Exe, is the noble mansion of Major Drake, lately belonging to Lord Heathfield: a modern built house, about three quarters of a mile from the road, from which it is entirely concealed: contiguous to it are some remains of the old building, which formerly belonged to Sir Francis Drake. The extensive stables were built by Lord Heathfield, for propagating a breed of the finest Arabian horses in Great Britain.

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EXETER is the county town of Devon, a parliamentary and municipal borough, a port, the seat of a bishop, head of an archdeaconry, a city and shire of itself (having its own sheriff and under-sheriff), a county borough, under the provisions of the Local Government Act, 1888, and a polling place for the North Eastern division of the county, in Wonford hundred and petty sessional division, and rural deanery of Christianity, distant by rail from Barnstaple 39 ½ miles, Bath 80 ½, Bideford 48 ½, Birmingham 167 ½, Bridgwater 41 ½, Bristol 75 ½, Cheltenham 120, Dawlish 12 ¼, Derby 209 ½, Gloucester 113, Hereford 143, Liverpool 252 ¾, London 194 ¾ by the Great Western railway, 171 ½ by the London and South Western railway, and 173 by road, Manchester 249 ½, Plymouth 53, Reading 158, Swindon 116 ¾, Taunton 36 ¾, Teignmouth 15 ¼, Tiverton 14, Torquay 24 ¼, Totnes 29, Wellington (Somerset) 23 ¾, Windsor 178 ¾, Worcester 142 and Yeovil 48 miles.

The city is on the main line both of the Great Western and London and South Western railways, the former having also a branch, called the “Exe Valley line,” from Exeter through Tiverton to North Devon, and the latter a branch to Exmouth: the railway stations are St. David’s, erected at a cost of nearly £50,000, and St. Thomas on the opposite bank of the river, both belonging to the Great Western Railway Company, and Queen Street station, belonging to the London and South Western Company. The city is also supplied with a system of tramways starting from the top of High street to Heavitree gate and Black Boy road.

The city is seated on the river Exe, which separates it from St. Thomas. The Exe bridge, which crosses the river, was originally built in the 13th century by Walter Grervase, mayor in 1231 and 1239, at a cost, it is said, of £10,000, and on it was a chapel, in which Gervase appears to have been buried; in 1539 it was repaired with materials obtained from the destroyed church of St. Nicholas, but in 1770 it was pulled down, after having been for some time disused, and a new bridge of three arches constructed more to the west, so as to lead directly to the principal street; this bridge, after much delay, was completed and opened in 1788.

The situation of the city is commanding and picturesque: it occupies a flat ridge, or eminence, on the north-eastern bank of the river Exe, declining on both sides towards the north-west and south-east, 8 miles from the English Channel, and from the hilly nature of the neighbourhood, has a high reputation for salubrity: although modern improvements have swept away the greater part of the old city, much still remains to interest the traveller or the antiquary: large portions of the old walls stand, and many houses and streets, now occupied by the poorest classes, bear evidence of having been once tenanted by wealthy persons. As a city, Exeter is remarkable as having, even from times prehistoric, maintained unbroken its position as a local capital. Long before the Roman invasion, under the Anglo-Celtic name, “Penboltkeyre,” it was the most ancient of British cities, and was defended by walls; by the Welsh it was called, “Caerwisc” (Celt. Caer, a fortress, and isc or wysk, water), and by the Romans “Isca Damnoniorum,” but early in the 5th century the Roman dominion ceased, and as “Caerwisc” it continued to exist as the head of Damnonia, and the chief city of the west. The date of its occupation by the West Saxons is unknown; it appears to have been still a British city in the 7th century, but towards the close of the 9th century, when its history begins to be recorded, it was a leading city of the West Saxon kingdom. In the time of Alfred it was known as “Exanceaster” (A.S. ceaster, a fortress, and Celt, isc (Exe), water), whence by an easy transition the name became Excestra and Exeter. The city has sustained several severe sieges, the earliest of which we have any account being that by Vespasian, as related by Geoffrey of Monmouth. In 876 the Danes, violating a solemn treaty, surprised and routed Alfred’s horsemen, and took and retained possession of Exeter during the winter: in 926 AEthelstan, deeming the presence of Britons in the city a danger, removed them and encircled the city with a stone wall, beset with towers; in the reign of AEthelred II. (979—1016) the city was twice attacked by the Danes, in 1001 and 1003, but only for the sake of plunder: William the Conqueror, in 1069, after a siege of 18 days, captured the city, but spared the inhabitants: in 1136 the Castle of Rougemont, on the north wall of the city, was besieged by Stephen, and was only taken after a siege of three months, and an expenditure of 15,000 marks (£2,500). Henry III. who visited Exeter, granted his royal rights over it, in 1231, to his brother Richard (Plantagenet), Earl of Poitou and Cornwall: in 1285-6 Edward I. and Queen Eleanor kept their Christmas here, and this king again visited the city in 1297, but no monarch appears to have come hither in person till the 15th century, when in 1452 Henry VI. was the guest of Bishop Lacy: in 1318 Exeter supplied 30 men for the campaign against Scotland, and in 1358 furnished three ships and 240 men for the war with France. During the Wars of the Roses the city as well as the shire mostly took the side of the Lancastrians, but on the accession of Edward IV. that king, anxious to encourage trade in every part of his dominions, in 1463 granted to Exeter new franchises and powers, and in 1466 an Act of Parliament was passed for the paving of the streets: on 14th April, 1470, after the city had been evacuated by the “King Maker,” Edward himself arrived and received money from the citizens, whom he presented with a sword; but subsequently Exeter, like other towns, acknowledged Henry VI. and was the rendezvous of the Lancastrian forces before the fight at Tewkesbury. Richard III. proclaimed king 18th October, 1483, came to Exeter in the following November, and was well received, and in the following year the city furnished him with 20 men for as many days: on the accession of Henry VII. a force of 200 soldiers was provided for the Breton expedition of 1488, and on the breaking out of Warbeck's rebellion in 1498 the city, attacked by the Pretender with a force of 6,000 men, defended itself with great resolution until relieved by the king in person, who remained here from October 7th to November 3rd, highly commended the citizens for their loyalty, and presented them with the sword he then wore, together with a cap of maintenance. During the 16th century Exeter was visited by several members of foreign royal families; in 1501 by Katherine, daughter of Ferdinand of Spain, and subsequently queen of Henry VIII. and in 1505 by her sister Jane, queen of Castile, wife of Philip of Austria and mother of the emperor Charles V. together with her husband, the archduke; but Henry himself, though he gave the city two charters, never visited it. In the reign of Edward VI. the projected changes in religious worship caused an insurrection, which broke out at Sampford Courtenay on Whit Sunday, June 9, 1549, and soon spread over both Devon and Cornwall, and Exeter, after being closely invested by the insurgents for 35 days, and reduced to the greatest extremities, was at length relieved on 6th August, 1549, by John, Lord Russell; and the king, in reward for its loyalty, granted to the city the manor of Exe island. On the outbreak of the Civil War, in 1641—2, each party claimed a majority of adherents in the city, but it speedily fell into the hands of the Parliament; and in 1643 was attacked by Prince Maurice, to whom it surrendered after a siege of sixteen days: on May 1st, 1644, the Queen Henrietta Maria came to Exeter, and here, at Bedford House, gave birth on 16th June to a daughter, christened at St. Peter’s as Henrietta Anne, and afterwards married, 31st Mar. 1661, to Philip, Duke of Anjou, and subsequently of Orleans: the king arrived on July 26th, and after a successful campaign in Cornwall, passed through the city on September 17th on his way to Oxford. In 1645—6 Exeter was hemmed in and eventually closely besieged by Fairfax, and on April 13th Sir John Berkeley, the governor, capitulated, the garrison marching out with the honours of war. Immediately on the Restoration Charles II. was proclaimed here, May 11th, 1660, with the usual ceremonies, and in 1680 stayed one night at Exeter, after his visit to Plymouth. In 1685 James, Duke of Monmouth, came hither with 5,000 horse, and 900 young men in white uniforms; and on November 9th, 1688, William, Prince of Orange, who had landed unexpectedly at Torbay, made a formal entry into Exeter. George III. with Queen Charlotte and three of the princesses came here in August, 1788, and stayed three nights, being the guests of Dean Buller. Her Majesty the late Queen Victoria passed through Exeter in 1856, and met with a loyal reception.

Two mints were established here in the reign of AEthelstan, which appear to have remained in existence till the time of Edward I. the earliest known example being a silver penny of Alfred (A.D. 872) and the latest a penny of Edward I. (1272—1307): this mint was also worked by Charles I. in 1644—5 during the Civil War, and was also one of the six mints established in 1696 by William III.: the money coined here may be recognized by the letter “E” beneath the king’s head: here also, during the 17th century, were issued 90 of the 360 known varieties of tokens struck in Devonshire.

The navigation of the Exe in early times suffered considerably from the interference of the Earls of Devon; in 1539 an Act of Parliament was obtained for the making of a new haven or water-course, and this was begun in 1544, the parish churches giving up some of their plate towards the cost; the work resumed in 1563 was completed in 1573: since 1835 the navigation has been much improved, and a canal, constructed in 1827 enables vessels of 400 tons to approach from Topsham to Exeter quay, on which stands the custom house. An iron bridge, crossing a valley at the end of North street, was built in 1834. By an Order in Council, gazetted 2nd December, 1887, the limits of the port of Exeter were defined to commence at the west bank of the river Char, in the county of Dorset (being the westerly limit of the port of Weymouth), and to extend in a westerly and southerly direction along the coast of Dorset and Devon to Langstone Point, in the county of Devon, being the north-eastern limit of the port of Teignmouth, and as far up the river Exe as the bridge of the city of Exeter, and include the Exeter canal, from the seaward entrance thereof at the river Exe at Exeter, together with the basin at the north-west end of the said canal, and all bays, harbours, rivers, streams and creeks within the said limits, and extending seaward to a distance of 3 miles from low-water mark along the coast, within the aforesaid limits.

According to the annual statement of the Navigation and Shipping of the United Kingdom for the year 1900, the number of sailing and steam vessels that entered the port of Exeter, including their repeated voyages, in the general coasting trade was 796, of 60,168 tons, the number cleared being 813, of 63,914 tonnage. In the foreign, 35 entered of 5,437 tons, 13 cleared of 1,683 tonnage. In the trade with British possessions, 37 entered of 5,082 tons, and 31 cleared of 3,465 tonnage. The number of vessels registered as belonging to the port under Part I. of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, ok December 31, 1900, was 25, of 1,532 tons. At the same date 80 fishing boats, of 338 tonnage, employing 204 men and boys, was registered as belonging to the port under Part IV. of the same Act. Fishing boats and their implements are distinguished by the letter “E.” The total value of the imports of foreign and colonial merchandise in 1900 was £109,856, and of the exports of the produce and manufactures of the United Kingdom £3,064. The gross amount of customs revenue collected in 1900 was £104,322.

Exeter received its first charter from Henry II. This was succeeded by a writ of the same king and by one of Richard I. granting other privileges, and the series of succeeding charters extends to the time of George III. By the 2nd Charter of Henry VIII. dated 1537, the city was made a county of itself, with all county rights and with its own sheriff, and in 1550 the boundaries of the comity of the city were defined by Act of Parliament. The origin of its municipal constitution is unrecorded: it appears to have been first governed by reeves, as the representatives of the Saxon queens, but in the reign of Henry III. these were superseded by mayors, the reeves becoming provosts or bailiffs in a subordinate position, and the new civic body was styled “the Mayor, Bailiffs and Commonalty,” the latter including the whole body of freemen and having already a Guildhall; the other officers included a recorder, who is first mentioned in 1354, and a town clerk, not named, however, till 1511; there was also a chamberlain, whose office was originated by Act of Parliament in 1555: aldermen appear to have existed here before the end of the 13th century, and are referred to in the charters of the Tudor and Stuart kings; they were eight in number, and were chosen for life from the four wards of the city. By the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 the ancient peculiarities and privileges of the city were largely abolished; it was divided for municipal purposes into six wards, but under the provisions of the “Exeter Corporation Act, 1900,” the greater part of St. Thomas’ was added to the borough, which is now divided into fourteen wards, and is governed by a mayor, 14 aldermen and 42 councillors. The sheriff is chosen by the Council, but the recorder, who presides over the ancient Provost Court, is appointed by the Crown. The freemen, though with reduced privileges, still exist. The Corporation act as the Urban Sanitary Authority. The city has a commission of the peace and separate court of quarter sessions and a police force. The sessions are held quarterly at the Guildhall and petty sessions daily at the new police station, Waterbeer street.

The assizes and courts of quarter sessions for the county are held within the Castle. Exeter is the place of election and a polling place for the North Eastern division of Devon, and the head of an excise collection and county court and bankruptcy court district.

The city first sent representatives to Parliament in 1264, and from 1295 until 1885 continually returned two members, who were originally chosen by the whole body of freemen, but on the city becoming a county in 1537 the franchise was extended to all those who held freeholds within it, whether freemen or not. By the Reform Acts of 1832 and 1867 the franchise was still further extended, but under the provisions of the “Redistribution of Seats Act, 1885,” the number of representatives was reduced to one.

Exeter has given the title of Duke to the families of Holland (1397 and 1443) and Beaufort (1416) and of Marquess to the Courtenay family (1525): at a later date the titles of Earl and Marquess of Exeter (1605 and 1801) were conferred on the elder branch of the house of Cecil.

The streets are lighted with gas and electric light, and the city is amply supplied with water from the three reservoirs at the Exeter Corporation Waterworks.

The west of England originally had two bishoprics, those of Devonshire and Cornwall, the head or bishopstool of the former being at Crediton, and of the latter at Bodmin. About 1032, on the death of Brithwald, 13th bishop of Cornwall, Lyfing, Bishop of Devonshire, procured the annexation of the Cornish see to his own, holding at the same time the distant see of Worcester: on his death in 1046 Worcester was separated, but the united western bishoprics were given to Leofric, the king's chancellor, who thereupon, with the consent of Leo IX. translated the bishopric from Crediton to Exeter, and in 1050 Leofric was installed as first bishop of Exeter by the king in person, the bishopstool being removed to the existing church of the Benedictine monastery, founded by AEthelstan, the monks of which were afterwards transferred by the Confessor to Westminster, and the conventual church then became the cathedral of the diocese. Up to the 15th century the bishops were usually natives of the city or of the diocese, then one of the largest in England, or were already connected with the Chapter, but the later prelates were chiefly men of distinction either by birth or office, and in some cases, as in that of Bishop Grandison (1327—69), were directly nominated by Papal provision, and in the reign of Edward VI. the local character of the appointments was mostly lost: in the reign of Elizabeth the system of residentiary canons was established on a fixed basis; and in modern times the Chapter has been successfully made use of by Bishop Philpotts (1831—69) and others for diocesan purposes. In 1875 an effort was made to restore the western episcopate to its ancient order by reviving the long-extinct bishopric of Cornwall, eventually (1876) reconstituted by Act of Parliament (39 & 40 Vic. c. 54), and the bishopstool placed at Truro; and the diocese of Exeter now consists only of the county of Devon, Under the provisions of the Ecclesiastical Duties and Revenues Act, 1840, the Cathedral Chapter was remodelled, with four residentiary canons only in place of nine, as formerly, the power of calling into residence being left with the bishop. The College of Vicars now consists of four priest vicars and eight laymen.

The Cathedra], the chief ornament of the city, is a magnificent and venerable pile, remarkable alike for the boldness and massiveness of its design and the rich Decorated tracery of its windows. The exact date of the original erection is unknown: but John Vowel, alias Hoker, chamberlain in 1555, and in 1584 historian of his native city, says that “in ancient times there were within the precincts of the Close three religious houses: the first was a nunnery, now the Dean’s house: the second a monastery, said to have been built by King AEthelred A.D. 868; the third was also a monastery, founded by King AEthelstan A.D. 932 for monks of the Benedictine order, and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and St. Peter; it was endowed by the munificence of AEthelstan with 26 villages, and filled with Benedictine monks, who, however, not long after, forsook the same for fear of the Danes. But King Edgar, that great restorer of monasteries, A.D. 968, replaced the monks, who remained here until they were again forced to fly on the devastation of this city by the Danes, under Sweyn A.D. 1003. Cnut, his successor, encouraged the monks once more to settle here, confirmed their lands and privileges A.D. 1019, and rebuilt the church, destroyed by his father. Leofric, appointed by the Confessor first bishop of Exeter, built the original-cathedral on the site now occupied by the Lady chapel. William Warelwast, the blind bishop (1107—36) and a nephew of the Conqueror, began to build a cathedral in 1112, of which only the transept towers now remain, and it was completed by Bishop Marshall in 1206: during the siege of Exeter by Stephen in 1136, considerable damage occurred to the fabric, for which the king subsequently granted compensation; in the latter half of the 13th century Walter Bronescombe, bishop in 1247, began a system of reconstruction in the eastern chapels, which was continued by Bishop Quivil (1280—91), who also transformed the retro-altar, the transept with its chapels, and the easternmost bay of the nave, his boldest effort being the construction of a transept out of the massive towers reared by Warelwast; the first four eastern arches of the choir were completed in 1310, on the removal of the earlier Norman work by Bishops Button (1292—1307) and Stapledon (1308—26) and the latter erected also the rood loft, throne and sedilia; Bishop Grandison (1327—69), adhering closely to the original plan of Quivil, transformed the six western bays of the nave, with the vaulting and west window; the eastern windows and west front were completed by Bishop Brantingham (1370—94), the upper portions of the tower were added by Bishop Courtenay (1478—85) and Bishop Oldham (1504—11) added the choir and other screens. During the Commonwealth the cathedral was parted by a traverse, erected under an Act passed August 11, 1657, and dividing the church into two portions, of which the choir, termed “East Peter’s,” was used by the Presbyterians, and the nave, called “West Peter’s,” by the Independents; this wall Bishop Seth Ward (1661—7) pulled down, and spent £25,000 on restorations.

The Cathedral of St. Peter is a cruciform structure, built for the most part of stone from Beer, near Seaton, the vaulting being of Silverton stone, with Caen stone for the pavement of the choir. It consists of an eastern lady chapel of three bays, with the lateral chapels of St. Mary Magdalene and St. Gabriel, choir of seven bays, with retro-choir and aisles, and seven attached chapels or chantries; transepts, with the chapel of the Holy Ghost and the chapter house beyond it, adjoining the south transept; nave of seven bays, with aisles and two western chapels; north porch, and two central embattled towers of five stages, rising above the transepts, with square embattled pinnacles, and spirelets; in the north, or St. Paul’s tower, hangs the large bell known as “Great Peter,” presented by Bishop Peter Courtenay in 1480 and recast in 1676 by Thos. Purdue, and weighing 6 tons 5 cwt.; the south, or St. Peter’s tower, contains a peal of 11 bells, said to be the heaviest in England, and dated as follows: —1616 (2), 1630 (5), 1658 (3), 1676 (4, 8 and 10), 1693 (7), 1729 (1, 6, 9 and 11); the tenor weighs 67 cwt. 1 qr. 18 lbs.

The lady chapel, used for daily early morning service, has a reredos of the 14th century, recently restored, three sedilia and a magnificent east window, erected as a memorial to the sister of Chancellor Harington; here also are the tombs of Bishop Quivil (with foliated cross and marginal inscription), 1291; Bishop Bartholomew (mitred effigy of Purbeck marble with pastoral staff, under a pointed arch), 1184; Bishop Simon de Apulia (with similar effigy under a cusped arch), 1223; Bishop Bronescombe (with effigy, vested on a tomb, under a canopy, the whole being much enriched with gold and colour), ob. 22nd July, 1280; Bishop Stafford (fine altar tomb, with alabaster effigy, under a rich Perpendicular canopy), ob. 3rd September, 1419; the chapel of St. Mary Magdalene, opening from the north-west bay, is Early English Transition and Decorated, and retains a piscina and a fine Perpendicular western screen; the stained east window displays a kneeling figure of Bishop Stafford and the arms of several bishops; this chapel also contains an Elizabethan monument, erected in 1589, to Sir Gawain Carew and his wife, and to Sir Peter Carew, his nephew, and restored in 1857; one to Sir John Doderidge, kt. justice of the King’s Bench, ob. 13th September, 1628; and a brass with kneeling effigy in amice, surplice and cope and inscription, to William Langton, canon, ob. 29th January, 1413; one shield out of four remains; in the north choir aisle is a high tomb with inscription to Anthony Harvey esq. ob. 23rd May, 1564; the corresponding chapel of St. Gabriel has an Early English piscina and credence table, and there is a flat stone here, inscribed to Martin L’Ercedekne, canon, ob. 4th April, 1433; the east window, placed in 1877, is a memorial to the late Archdeacon Freeman; there are brasses here to Dean Lowe, 1861, and Archdeacon Freeman, 1875.

The choir has a magnificent Perpendicular window of nine lights, erected in 1391, at the cost of Canon Henry de Blakeborn, and glazed by Robert Lyen with figures of patriarchs and saints, and shields of arms; it occupies the whole space above the twin arches opening into the retro-choir, between which is placed the reredos, a very fine modern work of alabaster, marbles and gems, presented, at a cost of more than £2,000, by Chancellor Harington and Dr. Blackall, and exhibiting in the lofty central compartment an exquisitely sculptured group of “the Ascension,” and on either side others, “the Transfiguration” and “the Pentecost”; there are three sedilia, very light and rich, 27 feet in height, erected by Bishop Stapledon, and a panelled hexagonal pulpit of Devonshire marbles; the throne, a superb work in oak, 57 feet high, was built by the same prelate in 1313, without a single nail; the stalls, 49 in number, are new and made of oak, with canopies and pinnacles, elaborately carved; the ancient misericords forming the stall seats date from the 13th century; they are 51 in number, and carved on the under side with quaint and grotesque subjects; on the south side of the choir is a plain tomb with the matrix of a brass effigy of a bishop, which has been assigned to Bishop Chichester, ob. 4th February, 1150; on the north side, under a low arch bearing a shield of arms, is the tomb of Bishop Lacy, ob. 23rd May, 1455; here also is a tomb of Purbeck marble, with effigy, vested, in high relief, to Bishop Marshall, ob. 1206; in the ambulatory behind the high altar is a floor stone inscribed to John Fulford, canon and archdeacon, ob. 12th June, 1518; there are also numerous other memorials to ecclesiastics, dating from 1244 to 1540.

St. George’s chapel, at the east end of the north choir aisle, was founded by Sir John Speke kt. 1517; it contains an effigy of the founder in plate armour, and has been well restored; in the centre of the aisle is St. Andrew’s chapel, which retains two altars and two piscinae with credences, as well as three stone sedilia, and has an upper storey; at the west end, and adjoining the transept, is St. Paul’s chapel; corresponding to St. George’s chapel, on the south side, is that of the Saviour, founded by Bishop Oldham (ob. 25th June, 1519), and containing a tomb with inscription, bearing his effigy fully vested, and adorned with colour and gilding; in the centre is St. James’ chapel, which, like that of St. Andrew opposite, has two altars and piscinae: over this chapel is the muniment room of the Chapter, and below it a crypt of two bays, with groined roof; adjacent, westward, is the canons’ vestry, and at the extreme west end of the aisle the chapel of John the Baptist; the choir and its aisles contain a large number of monuments, including those of twelve bishops of Exeter, from 1155 to 1762, and others to Sir Richard de Stapledon, brother of the bishop (with effigy), 1331; Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hertford, slain at Boroughbridge, 16th March, 1321, with effigy in full armour; and Sir Arthur Chichester, with effigy, 12th century; there is here also a fine brass to Sir Peter Courtenay K.G. standard bearer and chamberlain to Edward III. and governor of Calais and Windsor Castle, with effigy in armour under a canopy, surrounded by a marginal inscription, shields of arms, and badges, 1409; and a marble monument, by Flaxman, to Lieut.-Col. Simcoe, 1806, with other memorials. The retro-choir, or ambulatory, is Early Decorated, and contains monuments, in the Jacobean style, to Robert Vilwayne M.D.; John Bidgood, 1690; and Jacob Railard, 1692. The choir screen, dividing the nave and choir, consists of three wide arches, the centre arch forming the entrance to the choir; the spandrils are filled with delicately sculptured foliage, and the arcading above displays, in thirteen compartments, paintings of various subjects taken from the Old and New Testaments, in the style of the 14th century; the organ, which stands on this screen, was built by John Loosemore in 1663—4 at a cost of £2,000, defrayed by Bishop Ward, and rebuilt by Henry Cephas Lincoln in 1819, and afterwards improved by Byfield and Gray; in 1859 it was extensively renovated by Willis, and during 1870—7 entirely rebuilt; since that date a new organ, also by Willis and Son, has been erected at a cost of £3,500, and was opened in Oct. 1892; the old organ case is retained and the action is now pneumatic throughout.

The transepts are specially interesting as being constructed from the chapels which formerly occupied the lower stage of the tower; the north transept retains one of the Norman windows, and two narrow, round-headed doorways, and in the north-east angle is the chantry of William Sylke LL.D, precentor of this cathedral and prebendary of Crediton (ob. 1485), with an emaciated effigy in shroud; above the chantry is placed a curious astronomical clock of the 14th century and still in use; there are monuments in this transept to Admiral Sir Edw. Thornbrough, 1834; Capt. James Dollon, 1700, and to the officers and men of the 20th (Devonshire) regiment who fell in the Crimean war, 1854—5, and there is also a fine statue, by Chantrey, to James Northcote R.A. 1831; in the south transept, against the west wall, is the reputed tomb of Bishop Leofric, 1072; there is also under the south tower a tomb with effigies to Sir Hugh Courtenay, second earl of Devon, ob. 1377, and Margaret (Bohun) his wife, ob. 1391; a tomb with effigies to Sir John Gilbert and wife, temp. James I. and mural tablets to John, son of Flora Macdonald, 1831; Sir Peter Carew, ob. 27th November, 1575; to officers and men of the 32nd (Cornwall) regiment killed in the Indian mutiny, 1857—8, and to Joseph Palmer, 1829; in the south-east angle is the tomb of Bishop John, 1191.

The nave preserves a general uniformity of design with the choir, and the piers, consisting, as in the choir, of sixteen clustered shafts arranged diagonally, differ from these only in being stilted; the triforium in both consists of a continuous arcade, with sculptured cornice, and these triforia are connected by projecting galleries on the east and west walls of the transepts; the clerestory throughout is large and lofty, and the splendid stone vaulting is confessedly the finest in the kingdom; the windows of the nave aisles are almost unique in the infinite variety of geometrical forms introduced into their tracery, and no two adjoining windows are alike, but each finds its counterpart in the aisle opposite: projecting from the central bay of the north clerestory of the nave is the minstrels’ gallery, a structure dating from the time of Edward III. with a richly sculptured front of twelve quatrefoiled niches, containing figures of angels playing on various musical instruments; at the back of this gallery and over the north porch is the muniment room of the archdeaconry of Exeter; at the west end of the north aisle is the chapel of St. Edmund the Martyr, now used as the Consistory court, and in the thickness of the western screen, between the central and south doorways, is the small chapel of St. Radegund, once containing the remains and tomb of Bishop Grandison, 1369; it retains on the south side a mutilated reredos; the north porch has in its eastern wall a recess inclosing decapitated figures of Out Lord, with the Virgin Mary and St. John; the central boss of the roof exhibits a finely carved” Agnus Dei”; the nave pulpit, a fine modern work of Mansfield stone, erected in 1877, is a memorial to Bishop Patteson, of Melanesia, who was killed by the natives at Nukapu, in the South Pacific, September 20th, 1871; in the north aisle is a memorial to officers and men of the 9th (Queen’s Royal) Lancers, who fell in India; the monument, designed by Baron Marochetti, includes two figures of mounted Lancers in bronze, nearly life size, and was erected by the regiment in 1860; above it is a stained window bearing the names of the several battles; in this aisle is also a mural, tablet with canopied brass, and effigy to Joseph Horden D.D. sometime bishop of Moosonee, in British North America, who was born at Exeter 28th Jan. 1828 and died at Moose Fort, 12th Jan. 1893; in the south aisle is a fine stained heraldic window to the Courtenay family; the great west window of nine lights and of Early Decorated work, with circular tracery in the head, is 32 by 27 feet; it was re-glazed in 1766 by Peckitt, of York, at a cost of nearly £1,050, and displays figures of the Apostles, shields of arms and various national emblems: in 1889 a stained window was erected on the north side in memory of William Reginald, 12th Earl of Devon, who died 18th November, 1888; there is also here a memorial window to Mr. Thomas Latimer, a well-known journalist, erected by Sir Edwin Watkin bart. M.P.; the font, placed near the north-west door, is composed of Silician marble, and was erected for the baptism (July 21, 1644) of Princess Henrietta Anne, fourth daughter of Charles I. who with his queen, was then staying at Exeter.

The west front, built by Bishop Grandison in 1360 and completed by Bishop Brantingham (1370—94), whose gravestone is in the nave, was restored by Kendall in 1817, and consists of three stages, the first of which forms an embattled screen in three compartments, each pierced by a doorway; the whole screen is occupied by two tiers of niches containing statues of angels, prophets, apostles, kings, ecclesiastics and warriors; above this the second stage forms another embattled screen, with arcaded wings, sloping down on each side to the parapet of the aisles, and containing in the centre the great west window; the upper stage is formed by the gable, which has a trilateral window with geometrical tracery.

The whole interior of the cathedral was thoroughly restored in 1870—77, at a cost of £16,583, under the skilful superintendence of the late Sir George Gilbert Scott R.A. during which it was discovered that the external walls and the main arcade were for the most part Norman work, though, from the complete transformation, little, if any of it, is visible externally: there are other interesting evidences which testify that not only the walls of the nave, but also the walls of the choir, ambulatory, Lady and other chapels of the cathedral were once decorated with frescoes of great brilliancy and splendour. The walls of the Lady Chapel and the side chapels of St. Gabriel and St. Magdalene were cleared of their coats of plaster, and the vaulting re-coloured in exact accordance with the original of the 14th century; the beautiful carving of the bosses, in a great variety of foliage, has been carefully restored, and the colouring imitated: many of the incongruous tombs and monuments were also removed from the side chapels to more suitable positions, opening to view the beautifully carved early piscinae; and the tomb of Sir Peter Carew was restored; the only memorial stone found in the pavement was that of Bishop Quivil, which was not disturbed: the wooden doors, placed near the reredos when the Lady Chapel was converted into a library in 1657, were removed, and the wooden tracery in the west screen replaced by stonework: in the choir the mutilations caused by the Puritans in effecting a division in the cathedral were made good, the sedilia restored and the bishop’s throne carefully renovated. At the time of this restoration special gifts were presented to the value of about £12,000, and the total expenditure from 1873 to 1892, including the normal annual cost of repairs to the fabric, amounted to £39,224.

On the south-west side of the cathedral is a large quadrangular space, formerly surrounded by cloisters built in the last half of the 14th century and demolished during the civil war, together with the walls of the close, erected in 1321; the eastern side is now in part bounded by the south tower and the chapter house; on the wall of the former, about 9 feet from the ground, is the following somewhat mutilated inscription, cut in the stone:

“+PRIMVS. ADAM SIC PRESSIT. ADAM SALVET.

. VS.ILLVM S. VI VENIT.ADAM QVAERERE.

FACTVS. ADAM.”

The complete form, as suggested by the late Archdeacon Woollcombe, reads:

“PRIMVS ADAM SIC PRESSIT ADAM SALVET.

DEVS. ILLVM IS QVI VENIT ADAM QVAERERE.

FACTVS ADAM.”

which has been translated:

“The first Adam, may God save him

Adam so whelmed with shame

That he who came to seek and save Adam, Adam became.”

The subject has been discussed at some length in “Notes and Queries” (4th series, v. 89,188, 287).

The Chapter House, situated to the south of the south transept, is the only one of rectangular form built by secular canons, and was erected between 1224 and 1244, in the episcopate of Bishop Bruere; the lower part is surrounded with an Early English arcading of couplets; the upper, added in 1427, is Perpendicular; the roof, richly panelled, painted and gilt, bears the arms of Bishop Bothe (1465—78): the side windows of four, and the east window of seven lights, are Perpendicular: the Chapter Library, moved here in 1822, contains many ancient and valuable MSS. including the original foundation charter of Edward the Confessor. The libraries of the late Chancellor Harington and Canon Cook, bequeathed to the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, for the use of the clergy in the diocese, have been placed in the Chapter House; the collection is especially rich in ecclesiastical and political history, and in polemical writings on disputed points of Church doctrine and discipline, vast numbers of tracts, sermons and essays on such questions, dating from the Reformation to the commencement of the present century, being included. The number of volumes is about 5,000, bringing the total number of books in the Cathedral library up to some 14,000: between the chapter house and the south tower is the Holy Ghost chapel, a narrow chamber of Early date, with arched roof, but now disused.

The Bishop’s Palace, which existed in 1381, and probably earlier, is to the south-east of the choir, with which it is connected by a corridor, and has some Early English portions, the most ancient of which is the 13th century-chapel; in the hall is a chimney-piece, erected by Courtenay about 1486: a fine bay window of two stages, looking into the garden, was moved here from Eylot’s house,; near St. Petrock’s church. The Deanery is on the south-west of the Cathedral, and there are several prebendal houses, in one of which is a mantelpiece dating from about 1490; the College of Vicars was founded in 1388, when buildings were erected by Bishop Brantingham, and in 1401, the college was incorporated by Royal Charter; the still existing hall, bought by the city in 1647, contains some carved wood work, and portraits of early bishops, but is now used by the Architectural Society: in the rear are remains of the houses once occupied by the vicars.

The cathedral registers date from 1594, but the Episcopal registers from 1258.

The cathedral yard was the burial place of the city for 900 years, but ceased to be used for that purpose in 1636, when the cemetery in Batholomew yard was consecrated by Bishop Hall, and there are now no traces remaining of its ever having been a cemetery. Bartholomew cemetery is now closed. Southemhay Burial Ground was consecrated in 1664 by Seth Ward, Bishop of Exeter, but has long been closed for interments.

In the year 1222 the number of parish churches in Exeter was fixed at 19, two of which, St. Sidwell's and St. David’s, stood without the walls, and were related to Heavitree, the nearest rural parish, as their mother church. In the reign of Edward VI. the Exeter churches were subject to the general raid made on plate and ornaments; though on account of spoliations previously made on the city, they suffered less than some others. In 1656 the 19 parish churches of the 13th century were reduced by Act of Parliament to four, viz.: St. Mary Arches, St. Edmund’s, St. Petrock’s, and St. Mary the More, and the rest sold, some of these being purchased by the parishioners.

Allhallows church, Goldsmith street, is a small building of stone, in the Decorated style, consisting of chancel and nave and a western turret containing one bell, the former bells having been sold to St. Sidwell’s in 1767, after which the tower was lowered and divine service discontinued, and the church until 1822 was used only for vestry meetings: it had previously been rescued from absolute demolition by Robert Vilwayne M.D. a parishioner, who for this purpose paid, in 1658, a sum of £50. In 1883 the church was restored and reseated with oak benches: the exterior of the chancel was restored in 1884, and in 1887 the west wall was rebuilt; the total cost from 1883 to 1887 amounted to £629; there are 200 sittings. The register of baptisms dates from the year 1566; marriages, 1561; burials, 1561; there are also registers of banns from 1809, but the marriages at this time were solemnized in the church of St. Stephen. The living is a rectory, with St. Paul’s annexed, joint yearly value £65, with 10 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1882 by the Rev. William Hope, who is also rector of St. Pancras.

The church of Allhallows-on-the-Walls, Bartholomew street, one of the 19 parish churches included in the settlement of 1222 and rebuilt, with the exception of the tower, in 1843—5, under the direction of Mr. J. Hayward, architect, is an edifice of stone in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, south porch and an embattled western tower with pinnacles containing one bell; the 3 bells formerly in the tower were sold about 1657 for £30, and the fabric demolished in May, 1770: the east and west windows are stained; there are 150 sittings. The register dates from the year 1694; but marriages were not solemnized in this church from 1699 to 1805. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £110, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1861 by the Rev. John Gilberd Pearse M.A. of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.

Holy Trinity church, in South street, erected in 1820, is a building of stone in the Gothic style, and consists of chancel, nave, aisles, west porch and a western turret, containing a clock and one bell, cast by Mears in 1820: the stained east window is a memorial to Richard Durant and his wife; and there is another stained window in the north aisle. The church was reseated and repaved in 1884 at a cost of £900, and a new pulpit and prayer desk of carved oak have been added by the present rector; the total cost of restoration up to 1890 amounted to £1,052, and further improvements have since been made at a cost of £170: there are 800 sittings. The register dates from the year 1605; and in the vestry is preserved the original confirmation of the church, dated 1442. The living is a rectory, with Wynard’s chapel annexed, net yearly value £162, with residence and glebe, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, and held since 1901 by the Rev. Frank Simmons Th. Assoc. K.C.L. The chaplaincy of Wynard’s chapel has been held since 1887 by the Rev. W. Everitt M.A. rector of St. Lawrence’s.

St. David’s church, on St. David’s hill, erected in 1816 and enlarged in 1830, has since been entirely rebuilt during the period 1897—1900, from designs by Mr. W. D. Caroe M.A., F.S.A, architect. The register dates from the year 1550. The living is a vicarage, including the chapel of St. Michael and All Angels, net yearly value £253, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1893 by the Rev. Cyril John Valpy French M.A. of Corpus Christi college, Cambridge.

St. Edmund’s church, in Edmund street, founded in 1253 and rebuilt in 1834, is an edifice of stone in the Perpendicular style, consisting of nave with galleries, south porch and an embattled tower on the south-west containing 8 bells, of which the treble, fifth and tenor are dated 1833 and the rest 1731: there are some good stained windows and a richly-decorated reredos: choir stalls were erected in 1888, and in 1895 a screen of oak and glass was set up at the west end: there are 400 sittings. The register of baptisms and burials dates from the year 1571; marriages, 1572. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £97, including 13 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Rev. A. O. G. Alleyne M.A. of Florence, Italy, and held since 1891 by the Rev. Henry Paul Vivian Panton B.A. of University College, Durham.

The church of St. Michael and All Angels, near the entrance to the Exeter Free Cottages, a chapel of ease to St. David’s, is a building of Westleigh limestone, with dressings of Ham Hill stone, in the Early Decorated style, erected in 1868 under the direction of Mr. Rhode Hawkins, of London, architect, at a cost of £20,000, defrayed by the late William Gibbs esq. of Tyntesfield, on a site given by the late John Dinham esq.; it consists of chancel, nave with clerestory, transepts, aisles, organ chamber, vestries, north porch and a central tower with spire 220 feet in height, containing one bell: at the west end is a screen of Bath stone with columns of Derbyshire spar, supporting a gallery: the east window is stained, and beneath it is a reredos of Bath stone and marble: the chancel, decorated with much taste and skill at the cost of Mrs. Gibbs, contains, within a recess, an effigy of the late Mr. Gibbs: the modern oak pulpit, finely carved, in the Early English style, is from a design by Sir A. W. Blomfield A.R.A., M.A., F.S.A, architect, and was executed by Hems, of Exeter: there are 700 sittings.

St. John’s, on Fore Street hill, is a plain building of red sandstone in the Decorated style, consisting of nave, with a tower containing 6 bells and a projecting clock with illuminated dial: in the gallery is a shield of arms dated 1671; and there is another in the body of the church: the church contains a handsome marble monument to Sir Benjamin Olliver, of Exeter, and his wife, dated 1672; and others to William Chilcott, 1711; Thomas Baron esq. sometime mayor of Exeter, 1718; and to Richard Vivian, of Exeter, 1740; there are 400 sittings. The register of St. John’s dates from the year 1682, and that of St. George’s from 1681. The living, united to that of St. George the Martyr, is a rectory, net yearly value £205, in the alternate gift of the Lord Chancellor and the Dean and Chapter of Exeter.

St. Lawrence’s church, in High street, is a building of stone, dating from a period earlier than the 13th century, and consists of chancel, nave, north transept, south porch and an embattled tower on the south-west, containing one bell, with an inscription in Old English type: 2 bells were sold in 1780 in order to provide funds for the repair of the church, which the parishioners purchased in 1658 for £100: the south porch is constructed with the materials of a small conduit, erected near the church in 1590 and removed in 1674: above the porch, in a niche, is a statue of Queen Elizabeth: there are 350 sittings. The register dates from the year 1604. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £150, in the gift of the Lord Chancellor, and held since 1882 by the Rev. William Everitt M.A. of Trinity College, Dublin, and chaplain of St. Thomas union, the Livery Dole Almshouses and Wynard’s Hospital Chapel.

St. Leonard’s, Topsham road, occupies the site of a very ancient church, existing in the reign of King John, rebuilt in the 15th century but defaced in 1732, and entirely rebuilt in a poor Classical style in 1833, with a curious roof of thick iron plates. The present church is a building of stone in the Decorated style, consisting of chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, west porch and a western tower with spire 145 feet high, erected by Mrs. Miles, in memory of her husband, Dr. Miles, at a cost of £2,457: most of the windows are stained, some being memorials: the west window was placed by R. Ley esq. in memory of his wife; and one in the south aisle by Mrs. Miles, as a memorial to Charlotte Shapter, d. May 2, 1888: the carved stone pulpit was also a gift: the church was enlarged in 1843, the chancel rebuilt in 1876 at a cost of £1,500, and the remainder in 1883—5 at a cost of about £8,000, from designs by R. M. Fulford esq. architect: there are 570 sittings. The register dates from the year 1708. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £175, with residence, in the gift of the Rev. James Frederick Sheldon M.A. rector of Cromer, Norfolk, and held since 1897 by the Rev. Westley Bothamley M.A. of Magdalen College, Oxford St. Martin’s, a small building of stone, in the Cathedral yard, dedicated July 6, 1065, is in the Perpendicular style, and consists of chancel, nave, transept, west porch and an open tower containing one bell, dated, 1675: the church retains a graceful Perpendicular window, inserted by Bishop Lacy (ob.1455), and a Decorated font: there are 150 sittings. The register dates from the year 1572. The living is a rectory, with St. Stephen’s annexed, joint net yearly value £214, in the gift of the Bishop of Exeter and the Dean and Chapter alternately, and held since 1900 by the Rev. John Erskine Binney M.A. of Brasenose College, Oxford.

St. Mary Arches, Mary Arches street, the only parish church here which has regular aisles, is a building of stone in the Norman and Later styles, and consists of nave, aisles and a western tower containing a clock and 5 bells, two of which are plain, each with four shields, and a third was cast by Mears, in 1827: the nave is Norman: the side windows are Perpendicular: in the north aisle is a chantry of the Holy Trinity and in the south aisle one of SS. Andrew and Thomas: the church contains a number of monuments, principally to mayors of Exeter, including, in the south aisle, an altar tomb, with effigy and inscription, to Thomas Andrew, mayor 1505 and 1510, ob. March 9, 1518, who founded the latter of the two chantries mentioned above; over the tomb is an arch, the spandrils of which bear his arms: in 1881 a stained window was inserted at the east end, and a second in 1892: there are 250 sittings. The register dates from the year 1538; marriages from the parish of St. Olave were solemnized here from 1758 to 1815. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £135, in the gift of the Bishop of Exeter, and held since 1900 by the Rev. George Martin Wilson M.A. of Caius College, Cambridge.

St. Mary Major’s, Cathedral yard, an ancient foundation existing in the 12th century, was rebuilt in 1865—68, on a site a little to the west of the ancient Norman church, at a cost exceeding £7,000, and is an edifice of stone chiefly built from the materials of the old church, with quoins and dressings of Bath and Chudleigh stone, in the Early English style, from designs by Mr. E. Ashworth, architect, and consists of chancel, nave, south aisle and a western tower of three stages, with broach spire 151 feet in height, containing one bell, cast by T. Bilbie, in 1794: the church was consecrated in Dec. 1867: some features of the old edifice have been preserved in the new: the columns of the aisle arcade are of Chudleigh black marble and red Ogwell marble: there are 500 sittings. The register dates from the year 1561.

The living is a rectory, net yearly value £219, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, and held since 1896 by the Rev. Reginald Arthur Mortimer, Chaplain to the Forces.

The church of St. Mary Magdalene, Rack street, built in 1861 as a chapel of ease to St. Mary Major’s, is an edifice of stone in the Transition style, consisting of chancel, nave, north aisle, south porch and a western turret containing one bell: there are sittings for 400 persons. The ancient chapel of this name, in Trinity parish, was attached to a lazar house.

St. Mary steps, at the foot of Stepcote hill, adjoining the site of the West Gate, is a small but ancient edifice of stone, built on the side of a steep hill, so that the floor of the church, which is on the level of the ground on the north side, is far above the street on the south, and is reached by a long flight of steps through the tower: eastward of the tower there is a small room under the chancel aisle, originally occupied by the porter of the west gate. The church consists of a small chancel, nave, south aisle and an embattled western tower in the Perpendicular style, containing a clock and 4 bells, all cast by John Pennington, of Exeter, in 1656: the south-west window is Transitional Early English, and the font Norman: the clock dial exhibits three figures, one of which, representing Henry VIII. placed in a sitting position, bends forward at each stroke of the clock; the other two are soldiers with javelins in the right hand, and in the left hammers, with which they strike the quarters on two small bells at their feet. A portion of the rood screen, a very beautiful work, was formerly in the old church of St. Mary Major, but that building having been taken down, the rector and churchwardens presented the remains of the screen, which have been carefully restored, to this church: the panels are filled with paintings of various saints, and the screen also includes figures of St. James the Great, St. Simon Zelotes, St. Thomas and St. Nicholas. The font is a very fine example of ancient Norman work. The tower was repaired in 1881; other portions of the church have also been restored, and in 1892—3 a new organ chamber was erected and a Sunday school-room built, at a total cost, including site, of £1,000: there are 200 sittings. The register of baptisms dates from the year 1654; marriages and burials, 1655. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £139, in the gift of Mrs. Strother, of Kirknewton, Newton Abbot, and held since 1891 by the Rev. Henry Plantagenet Burdett B.A. of Trinity College, Dublin.

St. Olave’s, Fore street, an ancient foundation, specially mentioned in the Domesday survey, is said to have been built by Githa, mother of King Harold, in order that 70 masses should there be said for the souls of her husband, Earl Godwin, and of her sons. After the battle of Hastings it was seized, together with the extensive possessions of the house of Godwin, in Devon and Exeter, by William the Norman, and by him given to Battle Abbey, in Sussex; subsequently it passed to St. Nicholas Priory, an offshoot of Battle Abbey, founded in the parish in the reign of William II. and at the Dissolution it was disused, except for burials: the present edifice is a building of red sandstone in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, two north aisles and an embattled tower south-west of the chancel containing 2 bells, of which the first bears an inscription in Old English characters; the second was cast by Thomas Pennington in 1626. The church was for years used by the French refugees who had fled to England after the revocation of the edict of Nantes in 1685: divine service was celebrated here in the French language until the year 1758, when the church was closed, but re-opened and thoroughly repaired in 1815. In 1874 it was restored, when the old staircase to the rood loft and the tower arch were thrown open, a marble altar and beautiful carved oak stalls erected, and the chancel floor relaid with tiles, from designs by the late Mr. J. B. Gould, architect, of Barnstaple, at a cost of upwards of £1,000; on the south side of the chancel there is a very curious but mutilated carving of the scourging of Our Lord, who is represented as seated: beneath the floor lie the remains of five French pasteurs and of many eminent citizens of Exeter: there are 250 sittings. The register dates from the year 1601, but since 1753 marriages have been solemnized at St. Mary Arches. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £126, including 57 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Lord Chancellor, and held since 1897 by the Rev. John Sparshatt M.A. of Lincoln College, Oxford.

St. Pancras, in St. Pancras lane, originally an Early English building, is a small edifice of stone, 46 feet long and 16 feet wide, consisting of chancel and nave, with one bell, bearing a legend in Old English characters; it retains an ancient Norman font and an Early English piscina, and there are also some interesting relics of ancient carving: the church was re-opened in 1830 and restored in 1888, at a cost of £670, and affords 100 sittings. The register of baptisms dates from the year 1664; marriages, 1670; burials, 1672. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £53, including 13 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1882 by the Rev. William Hope, who is also rector of All Hallows and St. Paul.

St. Paul’s, in Paul street, rebuilt in the latter part of the 17th century, is a plain rectangular building of stone in the Italian style, consisting of nave and an embattled western tower, with pinnacles, containing one bell, cast by John Wroth, of Exeter. During the Commonwealth this church was granted, by deed now in the parish church, to the elders of the city for a grammar school: the east window is stained, and there is a font of black marble: the church was improved internally in 1879, at a cost of £664, and will seat 250 persons. The register dates from the year 1562. The living is a rectory, annexed to Allhallows, Goldsmith street, joint yearly value £105, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, and held since 1894 by the Rev. William Hope, who is also rector of St. Pancras.

St. Petrock’s, in High street, is a small building of stone, founded in the 11th century, and consists of chancel, nave, aisles, and an embattled western tower containing a clock and 6 bells, of which the first is dated 1742; the second, 1693; the third is inscribed, “Iohannes est nomen Ejus,” with the arms of Henry V. or VI.; the fourth is dated 1677; and the tenor is plain; the bells are fitted with a chiming apparatus: one of the aisles was added in 1413, the other in 1513: the church was enlarged in 1587, and again enlarged and restored in 1828, but the most important alteration was made in 1880—1, when the old chancel was converted into a baptistery, and a new chancel, organ chamber and vestry erected, at a cost of £1,750: there is a mural monument with coloured effigies to William Hooper, ob. 1683, and his wife, ob. 1658; another to members of the Worth family, dated 1675, 1680 and 1686, is in the Italian style with Corinthian columns and is surrounded by arms, helmet and crest; a memorial of similar character commemorates John Mayne, ob. 1679, and his wife, ob. 1680, and there are tablets of white marble with arms to Theodore Sheere, of Barnstaple, d. 1782, and his widow, d. 1817; and to the Rev. Robert Tarrant M.A. 42 years rector of St. Petrock’s, d. 1798: frequent references are made in the parish accounts to successive rood screens here, but no screen now exists: the communion plate includes some pieces of rare patterns and a mazer bowl for alms, dated 1572, 1640 and 1692: there are 276 sittings. The registers of St. Petrock’s date from the year 1538, and there is also a complete series of churchwarden’s accounts from 1425; the registers of St. Kerrian’s date from the year 1558. The living is a united rectory, with St. Kerrian’s annexed, joint net yearly value £290, including glebe, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1876 by the Rev. William David M.A. Cantuar, priest vicar of Exeter Cathedral, custos of the college of Vicars Choral, Dean’s vicar, and surrogate.

St. Sidwell’s, in Sidwell street, was rebuilt in 1812—13, with the exception of the tower, and the 15th cent, piers of the nave arcades, and repaired in 1823; it is a building of stone in the Gothic style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, south porch and a western tower of the 15th cent, containing a clock and a beautiful peal of 10 bells, 8 of which were cast by Mears and Stainbank, of Whitechapel, London, 1773, and two others by the same founders in 1891; the tower is now (1901) in course of restoration, Mr. J. H. Harbottle being the architect; on the chancel arch, placed upon corbels, are statuettes in Caen stone of St. Sativola or Sidwell and St. Boniface, both executed and presented by Mr. Harry Hems, sculptor, of Exeter; the church contains 15 memorial windows and a handsome reredos with figures: the screen was taken down about 1820, and not replaced: the fabric was enlarged by the addition of a chancel in 1871, and the exterior faced with limestone in 1883: there are 700 sittings. The registers date from the year 1559. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £220, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1887 by the Rev. Samuel William Elderfield Bird M.A. of St. Mary Hall, Oxford, and rural dean of Christianity.

St. Catherine’s, an iron church, in Summerland crescent, is a chapel of ease to St. Sidwell’s.

St. Stephen’s, High street, rebuilt in the year 1664, on the site of an older building taken down and sold for £230 in 1658 by the mayor and council, is a building of stone in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, and a western tower with an octagonal turret, containing 3 bells, dated respectively 1635, 1673 and 1625: near the chancel are the remains of a small Norman crypt, discovered in May, 1826, and the church also retains the exterior arch or bow, above which formerly stood the altar of St. John: there are 350 sittings. The register, with which is incorporated that of the Bedford precinct, dates from the year 1668. The living is a rectory, with St. Martin’s annexed, joint net yearly value £214, in the gift of the Bishop of Exeter and the Dean and Chapter alternately, and held since 1900 by the Rev. John Erskine Binney M.A. of Brasenose College, Oxford.

St. James’s is an ecclesiastical parish, formed Sept. 4th, 1838, from that of St. Sidwell; the church, in St. James’ road, consecrated in 1836, is a building of red sandstone in the Early Decorated style, consisting of chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, west porch, and a small western turret with spire containing one bell: the pulpit, presented by the Dean and Chapter, formerly stood in the choir of Exeter Cathedral: the church has been rebuilt at different periods, in 1878, 1881, and finally completed in 1885, at a total cost of £7,400, from designs by R. Medley Fulford esq. architect: there are 700 sitings. The registers date from the year 1842. The living was constituted a rectory, Feb. 4th, 1868, by an order of the Queen in Council, and has St. Anne’s chapel annexed, net yearly value £182, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1898 by the Rev. Philip Williams M.A. of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. The rectory house is in Old Tiverton road.

St. Matthew’s is an ecclesiastical parish formed April 24th, 1883, from the parishes of St. Sidwell and St. James; the church, in Clifton road, is a building of red brick with white stone dressings, in the Early English style, erected in 1882 from designs by R. Medley Fulford esq. at a cost of £7,000, and consists of chancel, with chapel, nave, transepts, aisles, vestries, and the lower stage of a western tower; the chancel, with side chapel and vestries, was built in 1890—1, at a cost of £2,400: there are 630 sittings. The register dates from the year 1883. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £240, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, and held since 1898 by the Rev. Charles Adams Houghton M.A. of Exeter College, Oxford, and Canon of Salisbury.

St. Leonard’s mission hall and Sunday schools, in the Roberts road, Larkbeare, erected in 1889, at a cost of £2,000, as a memorial to G. W. Petter esq. by his family, are of brick with stone dressings, and have a bell-cot with one bell: the interior is very completely fitted, and is used for mothers’ meetings as well as for school purposes and services.

Bedford (proprietary) chapel, in Bedford circus, and in the precinct of Bedford, is a plain edifice of brick, erected in 1832, at a cost of £4,000, of which £2,000 were raised in £50 shares and the remainder by contributions; it consists of nave, aisles and a western bell turret containing one bell: it has been reseated, and a stone pulpit of classical design erected at a cost of £450, and the fabric was restored in 1885—9 at a cost of £1,331: there are 700 sittings. The registers of Bedford precinct are incorporated with those of St. Stephen’s parish. The living is a perpetual curacy, net income from pew rents &c. £250, in the gift of the Bishop of Exeter, and held since 1895 by the Rev. John Henry Prince M.A. of Oxford University.

The Church House, formerly occupied as a residence by the Archdeacon or one of the Canons, is now used by the Dean and Chapter for church purposes: it contains a set of rooms, occupied by the Prebendaries when they come to Exeter on the two Sundays in the year on which they are on the rota as preachers, another set of rooms used for meetings in connection with Church work, and other rooms for the use of Mission Clergy and others requiring accommodation during occasional visits to Exeter: in this building are also the offices of the following institutions:-(i) The Diocesan Council of Religious Education; secretary, The Ven. the Archdeacon of Exeter; Diocesan Inspectors: Clerical, Rev. Hubert Richard Evers M.A.; Lay: Mr. George S. S. Bicknell. Organising Visitor and Assistant Secretary to the Governing Body, Mr. George S. S. Bicknell. (2) The Diocesan Church Defence Association: M. A. G. Ferrers Howell. (3) The Diocesan Missionary Societies working in connection with both Home and Foreign Missions.

The Meeting House of the Society of Friends, in Pavilion place, Magdalen street, is a building of stone erected in 1876 and has 100 sittings: the earlier meeting house was built in 1690.

The Jewish Synagogue, now (1901) disused, is a plain building in Synagogue place, Mary Arches street, seating 50 persons.

The Catholic church, in South street, dedicated to the Sacred Heart and erected in 1883—4, at a total cost of about £10,000, is a building of limestone, with Bath stone dressings, in the Early Gothic style, and consists of apsidal chancel, clerestoried nave of five bays, aisles, transepts, three side chapels, priests’ and choir sacristies and confessionals: it is intended also to erect a north-western tower, 140 feet high: the reredos is adorned with carvings of scriptural and ecclesiastical subjects: the church will seat about 600 persons. The priests’ house adjoins the church.

The Baptist chapel, Bartholomew street west, erected in 1817, is a stone building in mixed styles with seats for 800 persons; a large lecture hall adjoining was erected in 1876; the Baptist chapel in South street is a brick building with stone dressings, rebuilt in 1823 and enlarged in 1876, to seat 700 persons.

The Congregational Church in Friernhay street, will eat 450 persons. The Brethren have a place of worship in Wesley place, Sidwell street, formerly belonging to the Wesleyans, with 300 sittings: services in connection with the Friernhay street room are held in the Victoria Hall.

The Bible Christian chapel in Northernhay street, purchased in 1851, but erected a few years previously, is a large rectangular building of stone, with seats arranged in the form of an amphitheatre and will hold 1,000 persons: it was enlarged in 1893, at a cost of £3,000.

The Congregational church, on Southernhay, is a building of Westleigh stone, with Bath stone dressings and bands of redstone, in the Early Decorated style, consisting of apsidal nave, aisles, transepts, and a tower with spire, 165 feet in height: the stone pulpit was presented by the architects, Messrs. John Tarring and Son, of London: the large stained, window at the north end was the gift of Nathaniel Rogers M.D.; the south window is filled with French stained glass: the total cost, including the site, was £9,750: there are sittings for 585 persons in the area and 462 in the galleries.

The Countess of Huntingdon’s chapel, in Grosvenor place, now the Free Church of England, is a small building of stone, with sittings for 300 persons.

The Unitarian chapel (George's meeting), South street, erected in 1760, is an edifice of brick, with stone dressings, and has sittings for 600 persons.

The chapel of the United Methodist Free Church in Northernhay, erected in 1858, is a plain building of red brick; in 1892 it was re-decorated and the electric light introduced at a cost of £200, and has 450 sittings.

The Wesleyan chapel, Mint lane, erected in 1832, is a large building of red brick, with a portico, and will seat 900 persons: Christ Church, Southernhay, erected in 1846 as a proprietary chapel, but now also a Wesleyan chapel, affords 1,000 sittings.

The Salvation Army Temple, in the Friars, formerly a meeting-house belonging to the Society of Friends, is a large building with a red brick front; it was enlarged in 1889, at a cost of £2,000, and will seat 2,000 persons.

Exeter Cemetery, Heavitree, off the Pinhoe road, consecrated on Saturday, June 2, 1866, originally consisted of 10 acres, of which the inner portion, consisting of 4 ½ acres, was set apart for the Church of England, and the remainder for Dissenters and Catholics, each portion having a mortuary chapel, built of Heavitree stone, with seats for 40 persons: the adjoining cemetery, of about 2 acres, formerly belonging to St. Leonard’s, was added in 1877, and in 1883 an addition of 16 acres was made, of which 4 acres were consecrated in 1887; a further addition of 2 ½ acres was made in 1893; the cemetery is under the control of the Corporation, acting as the Burial Board.

Exeter Old Cemetery, in Bartholomew street, opened in 1837, was closed for interments on the opening of the new one in 1866, and is now laid out in walks and planted with shrubs as an open space for the public; the pathway between this cemetery and the adjoining churchyard of Allhallows-on-the-Walls is formed on the top of a portion, of the ancient city wall, known by the name of “Snail Tower,” and from hence an extensive view of the surrounding country can be obtained.

The Jews’ Cemetery, in Magdalen street, consists of 1 ¼ acres.

The Guildhall, in High street, is a massive edifice of stone, rebuilt on the site of the ancient Guildhall, first built in 1330 and re-erected in 1464; the upper storey, which is cinque-cento work of 1593, projects beyond the lino of the street, and is supported on an open arcade of five arches, with heavy moorstone columns, the facade being divided into three compartments by coupled stilted columns of the Corinthian order, above which is an enriched frieze and balustrading: the common hall, which occupies the ground floor, is a lofty and spacious chamber 62 ½ by 25 feet, with an arched roof, and has rich panelling; of classic character around the walls, dating from about 1556, and adorned with shields bearing the arms of the city and of various mayors and incorporated trades. In 1888—9 the interior was restored, and a bust of Her Majesty the Queen placed in the hall. At the further or north end of the hall is a fine stained window with the emblazoned arms of England, the city of Exeter, and of numerous mayors and sheriffs; at the same end, next the street, is a gallery, above which are suspended the old colours of the 4th (King’s Own Royal Lancaster) reg. and those of the “Exeter Loyal Association,” a volunteer corps raised in 1798 to repel the threatened French invasion; there is also here a bust in bronze, by Westmacott, of Henry (Addington), 1st Baron Sidmouth, and the walls are hung with portraits, including the Princess Henrietta Maria by Sir Peter Lely; George II. by T. Hudson, of Exeter; Sir Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden and Lord Chancellor, by the same; George (Monk), 1st Duke of Albemarle K.G. by Sir Peter Lely; and others of mayors and representatives of the city in Parliament; the Council Chamber contains the portraits of eminent persons connected with the city. The municipal insignia include four maces, two state swords, mayor’s chain and badge, cap of maintenance, sheriff’s chain and badge, four chains for the sergeants at mace, and four seals; the four silver-gilt maces are each 29 ½ inches in length and of a corresponding design; the shafts, divided midway, are perfectly plain, and terminate at the lower end in simple knobs; the mace heads are ornamented with winged and foliaged female figures, dividing the surface into three portions, which are filled with the city arms and the national emblems; a cresting of crosses and fleurs-de-lis runs round the top of each head, and from this springs an open arched crown; the flat tops of the heads bear the Royal arms and supporters and the initials G.R.; all the maces have the London hall mark for 1731, and were made by Georgs Wickes: the earlier of the state swords is said to have been given to the city by Edward IV. on the occasion of his visit in 1469: the only portion of the original sword is the blade, 36 ½ inches in length from hilt to point; the sword has an orbicular pommel with embossed mouldings, the hilt having elaborate quillons terminating in grotesque lion heads; this is now a mourning sword, the grip being covered with black cloth and the scabbard with crape; the present hilt and scabbard, as well as the black covering, are said to have been added at the Restoration, in order that the sword might be fitly borne in public on the anniversary of the death of Charles I.; the other sword was presented by Henry VII. on his visit to the city 7th October, 1497, but, as in the previous instance, only the blade of the original sword, 37 ½ inches long, remains, although the hilt, pommel and grip follow the style of the 15th century, but these, as well as the scabbard, were made in 1634; the pommel bears the arms and monogram of Tames I. and the arms of the city, and the scabbard is also adorned with the royal arms, and is richly embroidered in gold and surmounted with a crown, six inches high, of silver gilt; the cap of maintenance, worn by the sword-bearer on state occasions, was also given by Henry VII. at the same time as the sword; the actual cap of black felt is worn inside a low-crowned hat of crimson velvet, made in 1634, embroidered with silver-gilt thread; the side of the crown displays a circlet of crosses and fleurs-de-lis, and on the top are the city arms: for the display of these emblems of authority on public occasions an ornamental framework of wrought iron, restored in 1870, is preserved in the Guildhall. The mayor’s chain and badge, presented to the city in 1874 by the Royal Archaeological Institute, is of gold and enamel, and weighs 29 ounces; it consists of 32 links, of which part are castles, and seven are composed of the letter X, surmounted by a crown; the pendent badge is a circular medallion, bearing the arms of the city. The sheriff’s gold chain, presented in 1878 by the sheriff and under-sheriffs of that year, is a chain of” SS,” and consists of 27 of these, united by small links; the badge, depending from a tripletowered castle, is hexagonal, and displays two swords in saltire, a royal crown above, the city shield below, and the date 1537, being that of the institution of the shrievalty. The silver chains worn by the sergeants-at-mace date from the reign of James I. and consist each of 40 circular links, inclosing alternately the letters I and R and have pendent badges of the city arms. There are seven corporate seals, and the common seal, presented by William Prudum or Prud’homme, probably the founder of the hospital of St. Alexius, dates from about 1170, and is identical in date and design with that of the borough of Taunton; the two other city seals date respectively from 1531 and 1672; the mayor’s seal, a pointed oval, with a seated figure of St. Peter, dates c. 1320; the provost’s seal, made in the 14th century, is of silver, and bears a castle, between two lions passant, with other devices; there is also a modern seal for the provost’s court, and a silver seal of the statute-merchant, dating from 1292, but of which the counter-seal is now lost. The Corporation also possess a loving-cup, of silver, 14 inches in height, presented in 1876 by past and surviving mayors, and richly ornamented. The mayor wears a robe of scarlet cloth, and the four sergeants-at-mace gowns of black or blue cloth, and Tudor hats trimmed with green and white ribbons. In the muniment room is preserved a fine collection of municipal archives and other ancient documents, dating from the 13th century, which have been carefully arranged and calendered under the direction of Stuart Archibald Moore esq. F.S.A.

The Royal Public Rooms, in New London Inn square, were built in 1820 and comprise a spacious room 100 feet long by 40 in breadth, and 37 feet high, and holding 700 persons; it is let for concerts, balls and public meetings.

The Victoria Hall, in Queen street, is a large building of stone, in the Gothic style, built in 1869 and enlarged in 1874; it has a spacious orchestra and a good organ, erected in 1882; the hall is let for public entertainments and meetings and will seat 1,700 persons; a smaller hall, subsequently added, affords 400 sittings.

Barnfield Hall, attached to the premises of the Exeter Literary Society, and erected in 1890, principally through the munificence of George Franklin esq. is a structure of brick with a glass-covered way along the entire frontage, and is licensed for music and dancing; it will seat over 600 persons.

The Police Station and Court House, Waterbeer street, erected in 1888 from designs by J. M. Pinn esq. architect, at a cost of £5,000, is an edifice of red brick With Beer stone dressings, and consists of petty sessional court and police offices; a portion has been adapted for the use of the town and magistrates’ clerks.

The Commercial Union, formerly the West of England Insurance Co. was established here in 1807, in High street, in a building of Portland stone; the front is relieved by fluted pilasters of the Corinthian order, and a projecting portico, on columns of similar character, over which is a statue of King Arthur.

The General Post Office, High street, erected in 1883—5, on the site of the old Grammar School, is a fine building of Portland stone and brick, in the Gothic style, from designs by Mr. E. G. Rivers, of Bristol, and consists of basement, ground floor and two upper storeys; the front and east side of the building are relieved by columns of Aberdeen granite. There is a parcel depot at St. David’s station.

His Majesty’s Prison, in New North road, overlooking the South Western railway station, was completed in 1790, under an Act of Parliament obtained in 1787, but in 1853 was re-erected on the plan of the model prison at Pentonville, London, and will hold 363 prisoners of both sexes: at its eastern end are the head quarters of the county constabulary.

The Eastgate Arcade, a structure in the Classic style, was built by a private limited liability company in 1880—81, and occupies part of the site of the old Exeter Grammar School and grounds. Near this spot stood the original East gate of the city, and the foundations of one of its round towers, accidentally met with in preparing the ground for the new building, have been carefully preserved and utilized. The arcade, connecting the top of High street with West Southernhay, forms a covered avenue about 250 feet long and 15 feet wide, with a height to the apex of the glass roof of 36 feet, contains 24 shops, and over the High street entrance is an illuminated clock; on the left hand of this entrance stands the Eastgate coffee tavern, a building erected contemporaneously with the arcade by a separate company, but forming part of the general design furnished by Mr. James Crocker F.R.I.B.A, of Exeter. The total cost of these undertakings, including the land, wag about £18,500.

The Constitutional Club, standing at the corner of Bedford and Catherine streets, is a building, erected in 1883, of Wellington pressed bricks with Beer stone dressings, in the French Renaissance style, from designs by Mr. Edward Webb A.R.I.B.A, architect, of Exeter and Barnstaple. The principal entrance is from Bedford street, and the club contains, on the basement floor, a buffet, cellars and offices; on the ground floor is the secretary’s office, bar, stewards’ and visitors’ rooms &c. with three spacious shops; on the first floor is a spacious meeting room, coffee and news rooms; on the second floor two billiard rooms with bagatelle, card and smoking rooms; and on the third floor, kitchen, scullery, cook’s pantry, bath room and four bedrooms.

The Devonshire Liberal Club, established in January, 1890, occupies premises in Bradninch place, consisting of a large billiard room with two tables, reading, news and smoking rooms.

A Theatre existed in 1750 in Theatre lane (now Waterbeer street), on the site of the present Police Courts. The first Theatre Royal, erected between Bedford circus and Southernhay in 1787, was burnt down in 1820, but rebuilt and opened in 1821, and existed till 1884, when it was in turn destroyed by fire. In 1886 a new theatre was erected at the junction of Longbrook street and New North road, from designs by Mr. C. J. Phipps, architect, of London, but this edifice was also burnt down 5 September, 1887, when upwards of 200 persons lost their lives. The present theatre, built in 1889 on the same site, is constructed on the Irving-Darbyshire safety principle, and was erected at a cost of £15,000.

The Royal Albert Memorial Museum and Free Library, in Queen street, completed in 1869, at a cost of nearly £20,000, as a memorial to H.R.H. Prince Consort, but since considerably enlarged, is a building of Pocombe tone, with reliefs and dressings of Bath and Chudleigh stone, in the Gothic style, and consists of a centre and two wings, comprising together a frontage to the road of about 140 feet, with a side frontage towards Upper Paul street of about 120 feet: the building contains, beside the museum, a free library, reading room, apartments for the use of the science and art classes, private rooms for the committee and curator, and for the attendant in charge of the building, and a spacious art gallery was added in 1896; there is also a free reference library: the entrance in Queen street is by an open arcade of three arches, supported on columns of Aberdeen granite; the wide landing of the staircase is adorned with a full-length statue, in Caen stone, of the Prince Consort in his robes as Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, by the late E. B. Stephens esq. R.A. of this city. The museum is supported by the Free Libraries’ rate, but it is also largely indebted to private munificence. In February, 1897, a large and valuable collection of books were placed here, having been bequeathed to the Free Library by the late Mrs. Fisher, of Abbotsbury, Newton Abbot. The collection includes history and antiquities of art and natural history. The museum is governed by a committee of 30 members, elected annually by the Town Council. Mr. James Dallas F.L.S, is curator, secretary and librarian, and Mr. John E. Coombes, assistant librarian.

The Devon and Exeter Institution, in the Close, established in 1813, has one of the largest and best libraries in the west of England, containing upwards of 30,000 volumes; the premises are lit with the electric light and include a spacious reading room supplied with current literature, as well as writing and smoking rooms.

The Athenaeum, in Bedford circus, erected by a committee of shareholders, is now the property of Mr. James Knill, and contains a lecture theatre seating about 300 persons.

The Exeter Young Men’s Christian Association occupies premises at King’s Lodge, High street, adapted to their present purpose from plans by Mr. Charles Cole, architect, of Exeter, and opened 25 October, 1892; the building comprises a lecture, hall and class rooms, parlour, reading, writing and recreation rooms, gymnasium, secretary’s office and other offices; the premises are open daily from 10 a.m.. to 10 p.m.; annual subscription 5s.

The County Sessions House, built in 1773 and situated within the walls of Rougemont Castle, has a fine stone front: here the county sessions and assizes for Devon, the petty sessions for the Wonford division and the county courts are held: in the Crown Court is a large painting, about 21 feet by 16 feet, of the “Judgment of Daniel,” by William Brockedon. In the courtyard in front of the building is a statue in white marble, by Mr. E. B. Stephens, of the late Earl Fortescue K.G. lord-lieutenant of the county, erected in 1863, and in 1893 a porter's lodge was built. Larkbeare, a handsome mansion on the Topsham road, is appropriated as judges’ lodgings.

Exeter is within the Western Military District, and is the depot of the 11th Regimental District (Devonshire Regiment); and also the headquarters of the 1st Devon Militia, forming the fourth Battalion of the Devonshire Regiment; three batteries of the Royal Artillery are also stationed here; and the Royal First Devon Imperial Yeomanry, the 1st Devonshire Volunteer Artillery, the 1st (Exeter and South Devon) and 3rd Battalions of Rifle Volunteers and the (Devon and Somerset) 1st Engineer Volunteers have their respective headquarters in or near the city.

The Artillery barracks, in the Topsham road, are built of brick and form a large square, with officers’ quarters facing the entrance gates, quarters for the men, and stables on either side; adjoining the entrance gates are various offices, mess room &c.

The Higher barracks, in Howell road, originally built for cavalry in 1792, consist of several buildings of red brick, with officers’ quarters facing the entrance, and are now occupied by troops belonging to the 11th Regimental District.

The Volunteer Drill Hall, in Bedford circus, was erected in 1892 on the site of the old theatre, at a cost, including the site, of about £4,000, and is a structure of brick, the hall being 100 feet long by 45 feet wide, and having a balcony capable of seating 200 persons; adjoining, on the ground floor, is a reading-room, and in the basement is an armoury, holding 1,500 stand of arms, a store room and a Morris tube range; on the first floor are meeting rooms for officers and sergeants, and on the third floor is a band practice room. Adjoining the hall are quarters for the sergeant-major.

A large amount of business of various kinds is carried on in this city, quantities of miscellaneous goods being imported and exported by means of the river Exe.

The principal industries are paper making, iron and brass founding and floor milling; there are also large tanneries and breweries, the oldest of which is the City brewery, situated in the Commercial road: the important tobacco factory of Messrs. H. C. Lloyd and Son employs about 150 girls and 40 men and boys, and Mr. Townsend’s printing establishment employs 250 persons; a considerable number of workmen are also engaged in building, brick making and steam sawing, and in the nurseries of Messrs. Veitch and Son.

The woollen manufacture was introduced here at an early period, and in the time of Queen Elizabeth a great number of foreign clothworkers were employed; in 1676 nearly the whole of the citizens were engaged in this branch of trade, the extent of which may be judged from the fact that, in 1750, 302,760 pieces were exported; a century later we find but slight traces to indicate that so large a business had ever existed, the closing of the Continental ports against English goods by Napoleon I. having inflicted a blow on the woollen trade of Exeter from which it never recovered, and the manufacture has now entirely disappeared.

The city possesses two excellent and spacious covered markets, erected under the provisions of an Act of Parliament, at a cost of £88,220. The Eastern Market, a structure of the Doric order, built chiefly of granite and Bath stone, and occupying an area of about 230 by 165 feet, extends from Queen street to Goldsmith street, and was opened in 1838 for the sale of meat, fish, fruit and vegetables. The Western Market, in Fore street, completed in 1836, is occupied mainly by butchers’ stalls, but has a few shops, and a portion is also appropriated to the use of corn and seed factors.

The Cattle Market, in Bonhay road, is close to the river Exe; the market day is Friday. Fairs are held on the third Wednesday in February and May, first Thursday in October, last Wednesday in July and the second Wednesday in December.

The Rougemont Hotel, in Queen street, a building of red brick, was erected in 1878 at a cost of £25,000.

Other principal hotels are the Clarence and Globe, in the Cathedral yard; the London, in London Inn square; the Bude and the White Lion, in Sidwell street; and the Half Moon, in High street.

There are five Banks.-The Devon and Cornwall Banking Co. Limited, the Exeter Bank (Sanders, Snow and Co.), the National Provincial Bank of England Limited, the Wilts and Dorset Banking Company Limited and Messrs. Fox, Fowler and Co.

The Devon and Exeter Savings Bank, established in 1815 and certified under the Act of 1863, is under the direction of 28 trustees and upwards of 100 managers, and has receivers of deposits in almost every town in the county; has invested in the Bank of England (1900) £1,077,981. This institution is empowered, under the provisions of the Act 16 and 17 Vic. cap. 45, to grant Government Annuities not exceeding £100 a year.

The Exeter Baths and Washhouses, in King street, opened 9th August, 1852, include six first-class and eight second-class baths, and eight baths for women, these comprising two vapour baths: the washhouse, which contains a steam apparatus, allows of 19 washers at a time, and is amply supplied with hot and cold water, and adjoining is a drying chamber.

The Exeter Tepid Swimming Baths, erected 1893, on the King’s Lodge site in High street, by a company with a capital of £6,000, contain a swimming bath 175 feet long by 30 wide, slipper baths and hot and cold douche baths.

The Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, in Southernhay, was first founded in 1741: the present hospital, opened in 1743, is an extensive brick building, containing about 214 beds and a good medical library, established in 1838. The hospital has been considerably enlarged at various dates: in 1856 a new wing was added from a bequest by Mrs. Halford, and a ward for young children at the sole expense of the late Mrs. J. C. Bowring; a chapel for the use of the patients was erected in 1866 at the sole expense of the late Arthur Kempe esq. to whose memory a stained west window has been placed in the chapel by John Bullivant esq; and in 1896—7 another new wing, with laundry, kitchen and electric light works, was added at a cost of £19,000. The number of in-patients treated during 1900 was 1,219 and of out-patients 5,067. On the 4th of July, 1899, the hospital was visited by Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York.

The Dental Hospital, in Castle street, established in 1880, is opened daily (Sundays excepted), and is wholly supported by voluntary contributions. The total number of cases treated in 1900 was 4,381.

The West of England Eye Infirmary, in Magdalen street, established in 1808, is an extensive structure of brick, with stuccoed front: it was enlarged in 1865, again in 1881, and contains 50 beds; a considerable addition was made to the land in the rear of the building in 1888, at a cost of £300: the number of patients in 1888 was 1,852, in 1892, 2,054, 1895, 2,818 and in 1900 there were 2,469 out-patients and 374 in-patients: in 1895 additional land, at a cost of £3,500, was purchased adjoining for the erection of new buildings completed in 1901 at a cost of £25,000, available for 85 in-patients and having also a very large out-patient department. The building is arranged on the pavilion plan, the centre block being assigned to administrative purposes, the left wing to male patients and the right wing to female patients; the new buildings were designed by Mr. Bramwell Thomas, architect, of London.

The Dispensary, in Queen street, established in 1818, is a plain edifice of stone, erected in 1841 at a cost of £2,400; the institution is supported by voluntary contributions, and in 1900 5,571 patients were relieved.

The Homoeopathic Dispensary, Cathedral yard, was established in 1849.

The Lying-in Charity, Magdalen street, was established in 1819 for the assistance of respectable poor married women at their own homes during confinement.

The Female Home and Penitentiary, in Holloway street, founded in 1819, is a large building of brick and stone, available for 50 inmates.

The West of England Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, on the oral system, established in 1826, occupies buildings of red brick and stone in the Topsham road; a new wing was erected in 1862; a gymnasium and workshops have since been added; and in 1895—6 it was partly rebuilt, much enlarged and re-fronted, at a cost of £6,000, and eight separate classrooms added for 86 pupils; there are now 82 children on the foundation.

The West of England Institution for the Instruction and Employment of the Blind, on St. David’s hill, is a large edifice of red brick, erected in 1839 and enlarged in 1855, and consists of a central block, three storeys in height, with a principal entrance on the ground floor, and wings of two storeys, with an annexe to the right wing, built in 1850. Large quantities of basket work, matting, brushes and knitted work are here manufactured; the workrooms are open to public inspection from 10 to 12 and 2 to 4 on Wednesdays and Fridays; in 1900—01 there were 21 male and 15 female inmates, besides 16 journeymen and adult daily pupils.

The Exeter charities may be classified as general, church and miscellaneous.

1. General charities:-Attwill’s, consisting of 20 almshouses in the New North road and 12 in Grendon road: each married inmate receives 7s. 6d. and each single inmate 6s. per week, with coals and medical attendance. Calwodley's is expended in grants in augmentation of Palmer’s, Lant’s and Attwill’s charities. Palmer’s consists of four almshouses in New North road, founded in 1479 by John Palmer, of Exeter, and built in 1839 for four poor women, each of whom must be 65 years of age and resident in Exeter for 10 years previous to election; each receives 6s. weekly, with coals and medical attendance. Grendon’s Hospital, consisting of almshouses, first founded in Preston street in 1406, by Simon Grendon, of Exeter, for 10 poor women, and until recently known as the “Ten Cells,” were removed and rebuilt in 1880 by the trustees on a more open site on the Grendon road: these buildings are of local Pocombe stone with Box stone dressings, from designs by Mr. Robert W. Best, architect, of Exeter, and now provide for 12 occupants, each of whom receives 6s. a week, with coals and medical attendance. Hurst’s, founded in 1568 by William Hurst, five times mayor, consists of 12 almshouses in Belgrave road, for 12 poor married or single men of 65 years of age, the former receiving 7s. 6d. and the latter 6s. a week, with coals and medical attendance. Lant’s, founded in 1675 by Richard Lant, consists of 12 almshouses, in Bartholomew street, for 12 poor persons, married or single, the former receiving 7s. 6d. and the latter 6s. a week, with coals and medical attendance. Magdalen Hospital, originally a lazar house, now consists of almshouses in Magdalen road for 19 poor persons, married or single, the former receiving 7s. 6d. and the latter 6s. a week, with coals and medical attendance. The annual income of all the foregoing charities amounts to about £2,900; Buckenham’s, for householders of the parishes of St. Lawrence, St. Paul, Allhallows-on-the-Walls and Holy Trinity, is distributed in money at Christmas, the amount being usually £28; the yearly income amounts to £64. Martyn’s, of about £90 yearly, is for apprenticing, in premiums of £20 each. Tuckfield's, for distribution in bread and clothing, school prizes and apprenticing; yearly income about £144. Blundell and White’s, of about £17 yearly, is for apprenticing. The trustees meet at the offices of the charities, 20 Cathedral yard, on the last Monday in each month at 11 o’clock; clerk and surveyor, A. Bromley Sanders.

2. Church charities:-Sir John Acland’s gift. The balance in favour of this charity at the beginning of 1882, amounting to about £336, was paid over to the trustees of St. John’s Hospital, under an order of the Charity Commissioners, dated 26th August, 1881. Seldon’s, of about £102 yearly, is for distribution in bread. Lethbridge and Davye’s, consisting of 10 almshouses in Parr street, is for four married couples and six single persons, each of whom receives 5s. weekly. Fley’s consists of six almshouses at St. Sidwell’s, for two clerical inmates, either ministers or their widows, and four other poor women, the former receiving 7s. 6d. and the latter 5s. weekly. The three immediately foregoing charities were united and are administered according to the provisions of a scheme of the Charity Commissioners, dated February 5th, 1866; the united yearly income is about £419. Clerk to the Church Charity Trustees, R. R. M. Daw, solicitor, 13 Bedford circus.

3. Miscellaneous charities:-The Ancient Incorporation of Weavers, Fullers and Shearmen, incorporated in 1489, has connected with it the following charities:-Pince’s, Drake’s, Newcombe’s, Marker’s and Munckley’s, of 5s. each to poor freemen of the city. H. Bawden’s and J. Reed’s, of 2s. 6d. each to widows and female orphans of deceased freemen. Jeffery’s, of £4 to the Nonconformist minister at Ford, Stokenham, and gifts of 20 coats, shirts, hats and pairs of stockings and shoes, viz.: 14 to freemen (not being publicans), 3 to poor persons of Ottery St. Mary and 3 of Stokenham. Crispin’s, consisting of premiums of £5 each on the apprenticeship of the sons of freemen of the company, and the same amount at the end of the term (eight years). Meetings of the incorporation are held on the last Thursday in August and on the 5th November. Borough’s, which consists of rent and annuity arising from Nadder Estate, Whitstone, is distributed on the Thursday before Christmas Day, among six or more poor housekeepers of the city or county of Exeter, being over 60 or under 30 years of age, who do not reside in any almshouse and have not received pay from the Corporation of the Poor within the preceding 12 months. No young man may have it a second time, nor any old man twice within seven years. This charity is administered by a body of nine trustees; William Ashford Caunter, 15 Bedford circus, clerk. Potter’s provides relief to poor tuckers and weavers who have not received pay from the Corporation of the Poor within one year, or the benefits of the charity within five years, and if funds permit pensions are also given to eight poor persons: this charity is distributed early in January, and is managed by six trustees; A. Bromley Sanders, clerk, 20 Cathedral yard. St. Petrock’s, consisting of four houses in Magdalen street, rebuilt in 1875, is for persons in reduced circumstances and of good character, who have resided three years in the parish of St. Petrock, or in the city of Exeter, with 6s. per week, or 7s. 6d. for a married couple, not being under 60 years of age. This charity is controlled by eight trustees and the parish churchwardens, acting ex-officio; F. H. H. Orchard, 17 Castle street, clerk. Spicer’s charity furnishes sums of not less than £5 or more than £20 yearly to poor freemen of the city of Exeter, and is distributed on the second Friday in December. This charity is distributed by four trustees; Mr. John Gedley, 15 Bedford circus, clerk. Floud's gift consists of the interest from a £50 Exeter Turnpike Deed Poll; it is subject to the same restrictions as Borough’s, but recipients to be between the ages of 30. and 60 years.

Wynard’s Hospital, consisting of 12 almshouses with a chapel, in Magdalen street, were founded and endowed by William Wynard, Recorder of Exeter, in 1439: the buildings form a quadrangle; the attached chapel of the Holy Trinity, built in 1436, and attached to a Maison Dieu, is of Perpendicular character; it was destroyed in 1643, restored in 1675 and again restored by the late Mark Kennaway esq. in 1864; the chancel contains a monument of carved marble and mosaic work to Harriett Codrington, wife of Mark Kennaway esq. d. 1861, and there are several other memorials to members of the Kennaway family, of various dates: the east window is stained and two others on the south side partly so; the chancel retains a water drain and is separated from the nave by a fine arch bearing the city arms and those of the diocese. The chaplaincy, value £63 13s. 4d. yearly, in the patronage of Lawrence J. Kennaway esq. has been held since 1887 by the Rev. William Everitt M.A. of Trinity College, Dublin, and rector of St. Lawrence’s church; each inmate receives from 2s. to 3s. a week, subject to the patron’s certificate of good behaviour.

Besides the charitable institutions above mentioned there are or were others, viz.: —1. The hospital of SS. Buriana and Alexis, founded by W. FitzRalph or Prodoro in 1164—70, and afterwards merged in that of St. John.

2. The ancient almshouse of the bishops, situated in the Calendar Hay, from which circumstance the brothers and sisters were known as “Calendars”; this foundation was also annexed to St. John’s. 3. The “Combrew” Hospital, founded in 1408 by Sir William Bonville, and transferred to the Crown in 1554, and to the city by Queen Elizabeth in 1562, after which it was associated with Lant’s foundation, and the site and buildings then decayed were alienated. 4. Exbridge Hospital, founded in 1514 by J. Moore and Bartholomew Fortescue. 5. St. Catherine’s Hospital, founded in the 15th century (c. 1457) by John Stevens M.D. canon of Exeter, for aged females, and endowed in 1562 by William Herne, rector of St. Petrock’s, in 1663 by Dean Young and in 1667 by Robert Hale, treasurer; the Charity Commissioners, 2nd July, 1880, sanctioned a scheme for the sale of the buildings and site of St. Catherine’s, on the complete avoidance of the dwellings.

The Frances Homes, in Clifton road, erected in 1878 by the late Dean of Exeter, in memory of his wife, afford a home to 12 women, who live rent free.

Exeter Free Cottages, on St. David’s hill, erected in 1860, on a site given by the late John Dinham esq. are 40 in number, 24 of which were built by John Dinham esq. 8 by the late John Scanes esq. and 8 by the citizens, the object being to provide homes, Tent free, for persons in reduced circumstances, but having an income of not less than £15 a year, and being inhabitants of the city of Exeter or of the parishes of Heavitree and St. Thomas, preference being given to those over 60 years of age. The management of this charity, including the appointment of inmates, is in the hands of trustees, who meet on the first Wednesday after quarter day; clerk, Fred Pollard, 1 Bedford circus.

Bury meadow, a small piece of ground near St. David’s church, has been inclosed and planted and is open to the public: within the grounds is a tree planted to commemorate the marriage of H.R.H, the late Duke of Edinburgh K.G. 23 January, 1874. Northernhay, an open space in a lofty position, to the north of the city, at the back of the Castle, is laid out as a public garden and contains a marble statue, executed by the late Mr. E. B. Stephens R.A. and erected in 1866, in honour of the late John Dinham, an eminent philanthropist of this city. There is also here a statue by the same artist, on a granite pedestal, erected in 1861 to the late Sir T. Dyke Acland bart. M.P. for North Devon, and a group in bronze, also by Mr. Stephens, of a deerstalker with his dog; near this is a fine white marble statue, on a pedestal of Devonshire granite, in the robes of a peer, by J. E. Boehm R.A. of the 1st Earl of Iddesleigh P.C., G.C.B, on which is the following inscription:

Stafford Henry Northcote

Earl of Iddesleigh, G.C.B., 1818—1887.

“Cui Pudor, et Justitia, soro

Incorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas

Quando ullum in venient parem?”-Horace, i. 24.

In Bedford circus is a bronze statue, on a granite pedestal, 8 feet high, of the late William Reginald, 11th Earl of Devon, erected in 1880 and executed by Mr. Stephens. Other recreation grounds are in the Bonhay road, on the borders of the river Exe, and in Newtown, in the parish of St. Sidwell; the last, called “Belmont Pleasure Ground,” is 5 acres in extent, and was opened in July, 1886. The neighbouring streams afford abundance of amusement to the angler.

The Miles’ Memorial Drinking Fountain and Clock Tower, at the end of Queen street, erected by Mrs. W. Miles, in 1897—8, to commemorate the 61st year of the reign of Her late Majesty, Queen Victoria, and to perpetuate the memory of the late William Miles esq. is a structure of Chudleigh limestone and red Corsehill stone, in the Renaissance style, from designs by Mr. T. A. Andrews, architect. The lower portion of the tower forms the fountain, and has at the angles, four engaged columns, which serve as standards for lamps; on the upper base of the tower are small cornices and carved pediments supporting carved groups of sea-horses. On the north and south sides are large drinking troughs for cattle, executed in granite. On the east is a fountain for wayfarers, and on the west side is the door for access to the tower. On the south side is an arched recess filled by a bronze commemoration tablet with inscription. On the opposite side are the donor’s arms and motto. The main portion of the tower is circular with clustered columns at the angles. The clock projects somewhat beyond the face of the shaft, and has four dials, each 4 feet 6 inches in diameter, and is surmounted by an octagonal cupola containing the bell upon which the clock strikes, and the whole terminates in a wrought iron and copper vane.

In addition to the religions communities previously noticed there were others; the chief of these being the Benedictine priory of St. Nicholas, originally an appendage to Battle Abbey, in Sussex, but refounded under a charter of William II. and made an independent house, though maintaining subsidiary relationship to Battle, from which its priors were named, and under the full jurisdiction of the Bishops of Exeter. On the dissolution of the lesser monasteries, it was surrendered in 1536, by William de Cullumpton, then prior, the revenues being estimated at £147, and the site and buildings were granted to Sir Thomas Dennis knt. Portions of the fabric, some of Norman and others of very late date, still exist, and part of the site has been purchased by the Catholics.

The Cluniac priory of St. James de Marisco, without the walls, was founded before 1143 by Baldwin de Redvers, 2nd Earl of Devon, generally styled Earl of Exeter, and was a cell to the abbey of St. Martin des Champs, at Tours, but the foundation included only a prior and four monks.

The Franciscans or Grey Friars were established in Exeter on a site in the north-west quarter of the city, near Snail Tower, between 1220 and 1240, but in 1287, Edmund (Plantagenet), Earl of Cornwall, translated the convent to a fresh site without the south gate: in 1507, the first buildings of these friars was granted to the city, and in 1535, by order of Henry VIII. a sermon was preached by Hugh Latimer, Bishop of Worcester, afterwards martyred: this house was surrendered by its last warden, John Cardmaker, or Taylor, in 1538. In July, 1883, excavations on the later site yielded large quantities of human remains, and a ledger stone, inscribed to Brother Roger Davnatt D.D. ob. 13 December, 1516.

The Dominicans or Black Friars were settled here in 1258, by Sir O. de Dyneham, and their monastery stood on the north side of the cathedral, but without the close: the church of this house was the burial place of a number of distinguished personages, among these being, it is believed, James de Audley, Baron Audley K.G. a celebrated warrior in the reign of Edward III. ob. 1st April, 1386; Sir Henry Raleigh knt. ob. 1301; Sir John Dinham knt. and Jane (de Arches), his wife, ob. c. 1496, and Thomas Calwodleigh, ob. c. 1479, and Elizabeth Calwodteigh, his mother: the monastery was suppressed in 1538, and granted to John, 1st Baron Russell, who in 1550 became Earl of Bedford, and built with the materials a mansion called “Bedford House,” taken down about 1773, in which the Princess Henrietta Anne, 4th daughter of Charles I. was born on the 16th June. 1644.

Rougemont Castle, which stands on a red igneous rocky eminence, at the northern angle of the city wall, and about 200 feet above the sea level, was formerly a fortress of considerable strength and importance: the structure was rebuilt in the Norman period, but the existing remains consist only of the gateway, part of the walls and an ancient tower near the gateway, now covered with ivy, and presenting an exceedingly picturesque appearance. On the south and south-east, and especially in the grounds belonging to Mrs. Gard, the castle ditch still remains and is considered a very fine example of an ancient British earthwork. Within the precincts was the attached collegiate chapel of St. Mary, founded in the 12th century, with four prebendaries, but no dean or other head: the building, consisting of chancel and nave, was destroyed in 1774, but the prebends were continued, till in 1863 there were two only, and now but one, that of Carswell, remains.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city was completely surrounded with crenellated walls, forming a parallelogram about half a mile in length from east to west, and three furlongs wide, the castle occupying an area about 150 yards wide at the north angle; there were also fortified gates at the principal points of the compass, another on the south-west, called “the water gate,” and bastions at intervals: in 1769 the north gate, a massive structure with a lofty turret on the west side, was taken down, and in 1774 the donjon and sally-port of the castle, with a tower gateway, the chapel, and castellan’s house, were all destroyed, and in 1784 the east gate, rebuilt c. 1498, which had huge flanking towers on the outside and a large square tower within, also perished: the west gate was removed, together with the water gate, in 1815, and in 1819 the south gate, which, like the east gate, had huge towers on either side, and was the finest of the series, was swept away; of the walls, the greater part, in a more or less perfect condition, still remains, and portions are visible as many different points.

Among the distinguished natives of this place may be mentioned Bartholomew, bishop of Exeter (1162—84), Richard Blandy, bishop (1245—57), Walter Bronescombe, bishop (1258—80), Sir Thomas Bodley (1544—1613), Simon Ockley, professor of Arabic at Cambridge (1678—1720), John Bridgman, bishop of Chester (1619—52), Eustace Budgell, miscellaneous writer (1685—1736), Tom D’Urfey, dramatist and poet (1630—1723), Lord Gifford, Master of the Rolls (1770—1826), Sir Vicary Gibbs, chief justice of the Common Pleas (1752—1818), Peter, lord King, Lord Chancellor (1669—1734), Sir W. Petre; Cardinal Stephen Langton, d. 1228; Princess Henrietta Anne, daughter of Charles I. and Duchess of Orleans (1644—70), Richard (the” Judicious”) Hooker D.D. (1554—1600), Herman Merivale C.B., D.C.L. (1806—74), and Edgar Bowring Stephens A.R.A. sculptor (1815—82).

The city still retains a few of the fine old houses which, till about 1768, abounded; one of these, formerly known as “Mol’s Coffee House,” and erected about 1596, stands in the Close, and has boldly projecting bays rising through three storeys and supporting an open gallery, behind which is a fourth storey, with a voluted gable; the house stands on the site of a college of Annuellors or Charity priests, and the cellar or undercroft, and some of the walls of this college still exist in the basement of the present building: the fraternity was dissolved in 1547—8; on the first floor is a fine oak-panelled room, the cornice of which is adorned with 46 shields of arms, many representing Knights of the Garter. The building was opened as a coffee house during the Commonwealth, by a man named Mol, said to be an Italian, and continued to serve as such and as a club until 1829, when it was reopened by John Gendall, as a fine art repository, and is now occupied by Messrs. Worth & Co. picture restorers; in the High street are other good examples, one of which, of the 17th century, has been carefully restored, although the ground floor is modernised; and some specimens will be found in Fore street. In Bampfylde street is Bampfylde House, once the residence of the family of that name; it has a courtyard with quaint entrance porch, and the interior includes a fine panelled room, with some good carving, and an elaborate chimney-piece with a quartered shield of the Bampfyldes. The houses on either side of the opening from the cathedral yard into High Street have small columns inserted in the walls, marking the site of the ancient Broad gate, removed in 1825. At the corner of North Street stands an ancient wooden figure of St. Peter, once forming a portion of the projecting supports of a house.

The number of electors on the parliamentary register in 1901 was 8,757.

Petty sessions are held at the Castle every Tue. at 11 a.m.. The following places are included in the Petty Sessional division:-Alphington, Ashton, Ashcombe, Brampford Speke, Broadclyst, Christow, Clyst Hydon, Clyst St. Lawrence, Doddiscombsleigh, Dunchideock, Exminster, Heavitree, Holcombe Burnell, Huxham, Ide, Kenn, Kenton-with-Cuttridge, Mamhead, Netherexe, Pinhoe, Poltimore, Powderham, Rewe, with the tything of Upexe, St. Leonard (part of), Shillingford St. George, Stoke Canon, Topsham, Upton Pyne, Whitestone.

EXETER MUNICIPAL GENERAL CHAIrTY TRUSTEES

Ex-Officio Trustee, the Mayor of Exeter Co-optative Trustees (Appointed by the Court of Chancery, 21st January, 1853), Edward Andrew Sanders; (Appointed by an order of the Charity Commissioners, dated 17th December, 1872), George Hirtzel, John Wm. Petherick; (Appointed by an order of the Charity Commissioners, dated 31st July, 1883), Thomas Andrew, Henry Gadd, John Delpratt Harris, Walter Pring, Thos. Snow, Henry Hugh Wippell Representative Trustees (Appointed by the Council of the City of Exeter, November 9th, 1897, serve for four years), Edward Holroyd Houlditch, Hector John Munro, Hawkins Blake Varwell, William Wreford; (Appointed by the Council of the City of Exeter, May 9th, 1900, to serve for four years), Robert Pople, London Inn square; (Appointed by the Guardians of the Poor of the City of Exeter, 112th October, 1900, to serve for three years), Hubert Palmer Osborne Hamlin & Frederick George Hodson.

HOSPITALS & CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS

Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, East Southernhay.

Dental Hospital, Castle street.

Dispensary, Queen street.

Homoeopathic Dispensary, 17 Cathedral yard (established 1849).

Lying-in-Charity, 49 Magdalen street.

Soup Kitchen, Lower market.

West of England Deaf & Dumb Institution, St. Leonard's.

West of England Eye Infirmary, Magdalen street.

West of England Institution for the Instruction & Employment of the Blind, St. David’s hill.

ALMSHOUSES & HOMES

Attwell’s, Grendon road.

Chapman & Palmer’s, Magdalen road.

Devon & Exeter Female Home & Penitentiary, Holloway street; Edward Steela Perkins F.R.C.S.Eng. surgeon & hon. sec.; Rev. Sir Dutton Colt M.A. chaplain; Mrs. Jane Rounsefell, matron.

Fley’s, St. Sidwell's.

Francis’, Clifton road.

Grendon’s, Grendon road.

Home for Fallen Women, 44 Bartholomew street west, Miss Martha White, matron.

Hurst’s, Belgrave road.

Lant’s, Bartholomew street.

Lethbridge & Davye’s, Walton place, Clifton road.

Magdalen Hospital, Magdalen road.

St. Martha’s Orphanage, Oxford road, Miss Mary Woollcombe, superintendent; Miss Fanny Spargo, matron.

St. Petrock's, Magdalen street.

St. Wilfred’s Home for Aged Women, 37 Bartholomew street east, Sister Alice Cobb, matron.

Wynard’s Hospital & Almshouses, Magdalen street, Rev. William Everitt M.A. chaplain.

MILITARY

Regimental District No. 11 (The Devonshire Regiment) (1st & 2nd Battalions) (11th foot).

Depot, Higher Barracks.

Commanding Regimental District, Col. D. T. Kinder.

Sergeant-Major, W. H. Linthwaita.

4th Battalion Devonshire Regiment (1st Dev. Militia). Head quarters, Higher Barracks. Commanding, Hon. Col. Hon. J. S. Trefnsis.

Major, Hon. Liout.-Col. Hon. E. A. Falk.

Adjutant, Captain E. G. Williams.

Quartermaster, Hon. Captain J. Carr Royal Engineers.

Depot, Higher Barraoks.

Commanding, Lieut.-Col. A. H. Kenney C.M.G.

Chief Clerk, Corporal Young.

Barracks.

Higher, Howell road, William Gooding, barrack warden.

Station Pay Office.

Higher Barracks.

Station Paymaster, Paymaster Capt. H. Q. Pinhorn.

Barracks.

Topsbam, Tapsham road, William Ross, barrack warden Royal Marine & Royal Navy Recruiting Office, Lieut.-Col. Milne (ret.), recruiting officer, 104 South street.

ROYAL (1st) DEVON IMPERIAL YEOMANRY

Head quarters & stores, 10 Bystock terrace.

Hon. Col. Sir John Shelley bart. commanding; Hon. Lieut.-Col. H. Lewis, major & second in command.

VOLUNTEERS

1st Devonshire Volunteer Artillery, Western Division, Royal Garrison Artillery (comprising 10 companies). Head quarters, 71 Holloway street.

1st Devonshire & Somersetshire Volunteers, Royal Engineers.

Head quarters 16 James street.

1st (Exeter & South Devon) Volunteer Battalion, Devonshire Regiment (comprising A, B, O, D, E, F, G, H, I & J (Cyclists) companies).

Head quarters & drill hall, Bedford circus.

3rd Volunteer Battalion Devonshire Regiment (comprising A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H & Cycle companies).

Head quarters, 7 Well street.

EXETER INCORPORATION, A.D. 1698

Became a Poor Law Union under the “City of Exeter Extension Act, 1877,” & the several parishes of the Union are now consolidated under the “Exeter Corporation Act, 1900.”

Board day, Tue. at 3 p.m. at the Board room, Castle st.

The area of the parish of Exeter is 1882 acres; rateable value in 1901, £206,249. The population in 1901 was 37,693.

The Workhouse, Heavitree road, built in 1701, by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1697, is a quadrangular building of brick with stone copings, one side being for males & the other for females; the centre consists of chapel & executive offices & apartments for the master, shops & male & female lunatic wards & receiving wards; there have been numerous bequests to the workhouse, the principal one being by Sir Edward Seaward, knight & mayor of Exeter, who gave £400 in 1703; there are about 275 inmates; it will hold 550.

ST. THOMAS UNION

Board day, Friday, at 11 a.m.. at the Board room, Workhouse.

St. Thomas union comprises the following parishes, viz.:-Alphington, Ashcombe, Ashton, Aylesbeare, Bicton, Brampford Speke, Bridford, Broadclyst, Budleigh Salterton, Christow, Clyst Hydon, Clyst St. George, Olyst St. Lawrence, Clyst St. Mary, Colaton Raleigh, Doddiscombleigh, Dunchideock, Dunsford, East Budleigh, Exminster, Farringdon, Heavitree, Holcombe Burnell, Honiton Clyst, Huxham, Ide, Kenn, Kenton, Littleham, Lympstone, Mamhead, Netherexe, Newton Poppletord, Otterton, Pinhoe, Poltimore, Powderham, Rewe, Rockbeare, St. Leonard, St. Thomas, Shillingford St. George, Sowton, Stoke Canon, Tedburn St. Mary, Topsham, Upton Pyne, Whimple, Whitestone. Withycombe Raleigh, Woodbury. The population of the union in 1891 was 52,853, & in 1901 was 55,362; the area is 129,983 acres; rateable value in 1901, £327,862; assessable value, £271,788.

Workhouse, Felixwell, a stone building, erected in 1836 to hold 450 inmates.

PLACES OF WORSHIP, with times of services

Cathedral Church of St. Peter, Cathedral yard; daily communion from advent to trinity Sunday at 7.45 a.m.. in Lady chapel; from trinity to advent on Tuesdays & Thursdays only at same hour; on Sundays and holy days a second celebration at mid-day; on Christmas day, easter & whit Sunday holy communion at 6.30 & 7.45 & after matins; daily, morning & evening prayer (plain) at 7.45 a.m.. (when no communion), 10.30 a.m.. & 3 p.m. (choral); on Sundays a soldier's service at 9: 10 a.m.. & second evensong at 7 p.m.

Churches.

*** r. Rectory, v. Vicarage.

Allhallows, r. Goldsmith st. Rev. William Hope; 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.; holy days at 11 a.m.. & 8 p.m.

Allhallows on the Walls, r. Bartholomew street, Rev. John Gilberd Pearse M.A.; Rev. Herbert Forster M.A. curate; 8 & 10.45 a.m.. & 3.15 & 7 p.m.; week days 8.45 a.m.. & 5 p.m.

Emmanuel Church, Okehampton road, Rev. Charles H. Williams M.A. curate in charge; 8 & 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. Tue. & Sat. 8 a.m..; Wed. 11 a.m..; Thur. & Fri. 7.30 a.m..; Thur. 8 p.m.; Fri. 5 p.m.

Holy Trinity, r. South street, Rev. Frank Simmons Th. A.K.C.L.; Rev. W. H. J. Allin M.A. curate; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.; saints’ days, 11 a.m.

St. David with St. Michael & All Angels Chapel, v. St. David’s hill, Rev. Cyril John-Valpy French M.A.; Revs. Harold S. Wyatt M.A. & Harry Drury Baker curates; St. David’s, holy communion, every Sunday & holy day 8 a.m.. & after matins (choral) except 1st Sun. in month; St. Michael & All Angels, holy communion, 1st Sun. after matins; other Sundays 7.30 a.m..; saints’ days & Thur. 10 a.m.. & Fri. 7 p.m.

St. Edmund’s, t. Edmund street, Rev. Henry Paul Vivian Panton B.A.; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; holy communion 8 a.m.. & 1st & 3rd Sun. 11.15 a.m.. (choral); Wed. & Fri. 8 p.m.

St. James, r. St. James’ road, Rev. Philip Williams M.A.; Rev. Charles Kenneth Woollcombe M.A. & Rev. Sidney Featherstone Hawkes B.A. curates; 7, 7.45 & 10.30 a.m.. & 2.45 & 6.30 p.m. & 1st Sun. 11 a.m..; week days, Mon. Wed. & Fri. 10.30 a.m..; Tue. Thur. & Sat. 7.45 a.m..; Mon. Tue. & Thur. 5.30 p.m. & Wed. Fri. & Sat. 7.30 p.m.

St. John, Fore street; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

St. Lawrence, r. High street, Rev. William Everitt M.A.; 11.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; 3rd Sun. in the month 3 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.; children’s service at 3, 2nd Sun. in the month.

St. Leonard, r. Topsham road, Rev. Westley Bothamley M.A.; Rev. G. R. Wreford B.A. curate; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 11.30 a.m.

St. Martin’s, Cathedral yard, Rev. J. E. Binney M.A.; no service held here.Stolen from Fore bears

St. Mary Arches, r. Mary Arches street, Rev. George Martin Wilson M.A.; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m. advent & lent.

St. Mary Major, r. Cathedral yard, Rev. Reginald Arthur Mortimer; Rev. J. Draper, curate; 10.45 a.m.. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

St. Mary Magdalene Chapel, t. Rack street; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; 2nd Sun. 3 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

St. Mary Steps, r. West street, Rev. Henry Plantagenet Burdett B.A.; 8 & 11 a.m.. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.; holy Eucharist, daily; evensong daily 7.30 p.m.; Sat. 5 p.m.

St. Matthew, v. Clifton road, Rev. Charles Adams Houghton M.A.; Rev. Wvtiell Henry Carter, curate; 8 & 10.30 a.m.. & 3.15 & 7 p.m.; Mon. Wed. & Fri. 10.30 a.m..; Tue. & Sat. 8 a.m..; Thur. 7.45 a.m..; Wed. & Fri. at 7.30 p.m.; other days 5 p.m.

St. Olave, t. Fore street, Rev. John Sparshatt M.A.; 11 a.m.. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. & Fri. 8 p.m.; saints’ days 8 a.m.

St. Pancras, r. St. Pancras lane, Rev. William Hope; children’s service 2.45 p.m.; holy communion 2nd Sun. 8 a.m.

St. Paul, r. Paul street, Rev. William Hope; 8 & 10.45 a.m..; Wed. 8 p.m.; Fri. & saints’ days 11 a.m.

St. Petrock, r. High street, Rev. William David M.A.; Rev. Richard Pringle, curate; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; children’s service 3 p.m. 1st Sun.; Wed. & holy days, 4 p.m.

St. Sidwell, r. St. Sidwell street, Rev. Samuel William Elderfield Bird M.A.; Rev. Robert Holmes Lucas B.A. & Rev. Harry Clement Loasby B.A. curates; 7.45 & 10.30 a.m.. & 3 & 7 p.m.; daily 10.30 a.m.. & 5 p.m.; Wed. & Fri. 7 p.m.

St. Catherine’s Chapel, Summerland crescent, Rev. S. W. E. Bird M.A.; 8 & 10.45 a.m.. & 7 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

St. Stephen, r. High street, Rev. J. E. Binney M.A.; 8 & 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.

Bedford Church, Bedford circus, Rev John Henry Prince M.A.; 8 & 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 11 a.m.. & p.m.; Fri. 11 a.m.

St. Thomas the Apostle, v. Cowick street, St. Thomas, Rev. Maurice Swabey M.A.

Wynard’s Episcopal Chapel, Magdalen street, Rev. Wm. Everitt M.A. chaplain; 5.30 p.m.; Wed. 6.45 p.m. & Fri. 6.30 p.m.

Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital Chapel, Rev. William Heathman Parkhouse M.A.; 10.30 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; holy communion, alternate Sun. 7.30 a.m..; daily 9 a.m.. & Wed. 8 p.m.

Free Church of England, Grosvenor place, Sev. George Slater, minister; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.15 p.m.

Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart, South street, Very Rev. Canon George Francis Hobson & Rev. Laurence O’Loughlin, priests; mass 8 & 10.30 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; holidays 8 & 10.30 a.m.. & 7 30 p.m.; daily mass, 7.30 & 8 a.m..; benediction Wed. & Fri. 7.30 a.m.

Society of Friends Meeting House, Pavilion place; from Mar. to Nov. 10.30 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; 3.30 p.m. rest of the year; Wed. 10.30 a.m.

Baptist, Bartholomew street, Rev. William Fry; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Baptist South street,; 7 & 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m; Mon. & Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Bible Christians, Northemhay street, Rev. James Woollcock; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Brethren, Sidwell street, various; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Brethren, Gospel hall (back of), 180 Fore street; Sun. 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Brethren, Victoria hall, Heyman Wreford; 3 & 6.30 p.m.

Congregational, Friemhay street, Rev. William John Rowlands; 7 & 9 a.m.. 10.30 breaking of bread; 3 p.m. lecture; Mon. Tue. Wed. Fri. & Sat. 8 p.m.

Congregational, Southemhay, Rev. Herbert Arnold; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Congregational, Heavitree, Rev. Richard Warren Row; 11 а.m. & 6.30 p.m.

Unitarian, South street, Rev. T. W. Chignell; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.

United Methodist Free' Church, Northemhay st.; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

United Methodist Free Church, Church road, St. Thomas; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

United Methodist Free Church (Belmont), Black Boy road; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

Wesleyan Methodist, Mint lane; 10.30 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

Wesleyan Methodist, Southernhay; 10.30 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue.7.30 p.m.

Salvation Army Temple, Friar’s walk, William Paul, adjutant; 7 & 11 a.m.. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.; daily 8 p.m.

Mission Rooms

Exe Island Mission Hall, Exe Island.

Holy Trinity, Friar’s terrace, Friar’s green; Thur. 8 p.m.; Sat. 8 p.m.

Mission Hall, Alphington street, 10.45 a.m.. 3 & 6.30 p.m.

St. Leonards, Roberts road, Larkbeare; children’s service, 11 a.m.

St. Matthew’s, Parish room, Clifton road.

Undenominational, New Bridge street, William Eccles, missionary; 6.30 p.m.

Undenominational, Ewings lane; children’s service, 3 & 6.45 p.m.

Wesleyan, Sidwell street, 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.

The Exeter Diocesan Training College, Heavitree road.

This was founded in 1840 by the Exeter Diocesan Board of Education, for the purpose of educating & training young men to be schoolmasters in elementary schools, in connection with the Church of England. The college, erected in 1854, from designs by Mr. John Hayward, architect, is a fine building of Westleigh stone, about 200 feet in length, with a large lecture room, dining hall, committee room, principal’s house & a cloister; attached is a chapel, in which services for the students are held twice daily; one of the windows was filled with stained glass in 1887, another was erected in Oct. 1883, to the late Chancellor Harington, and about 1893 one was presented by ex-students, in memory of two of their fellow students deceased, & one by the ex-presidents & officers of the Exeter Club of Old Students. There are two classes of students: (a) Queen’s scholars, consisting of those who, whether they have been pupil teachers or not, pass the competitive examination of candidates for admission, held in the month of July by the Committee of Council on Education; (b) private students, comprising those who decline, or fail in, or are preparing for, the examination for admission, but who desire to be trained for one year or longer. Private students are admitted only when the number of Queen’s scholars in residence falls short of the full complement. The competition for scholarships is open to all candidates of good character, who are (1) more than eighteen years of age, & who (2), if pupil teachers, have successfully completed their apprenticeship. The subjects of instruction agree in the main with the scheme proposed for the annual examinations of students in the training schools under inspection, as set forth by the Committee of Council of Education, & are distributed over a period of two years.

THE EXETER GRAMMAR SCHOOL

This school owes its foundation to Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter (1308—27) & founder of Exeter College, Oxford, whose intentions were carried into effect by his successor, Bishop Grandison, about 1330. St. John’s hospital, to which the school was attached, was suppressed at the dissolution of monasteries by Henry VIII. but the hospital buildings were bought back and the school re-founded in 1637 under a charter of Chas. I. In 1877 the school received a new scheme, under which it was reorganized, & removed from the High street to its present site in Victoria park, the south-east suburb of Exeter; the new buildings of red brick with Bath stone dressings, erected in 1886, from designs by Mr. W. Butterfield, architect, at a cost of £15,000, and adapted for 200 boys, include a chapel, separate class rooms, & a laboratory for practical chemistry, with special conveniences for advanced instruction. A swimming bath, 70 feet by 25 feet, has been recently constructed, & a sanatorium & a gymnasium erected. Attached to the school are eight exhibitions of £40 a year, tenable according to a new scheme approved in 1882, at the universities, or at any place of higher education approved by the governors, of which two are awarded every year. Besides these exhibitions the boys of this school compete with those of Taunton College School, The Bang’s School (Sherborne), & Blundell’s School (Tiverton), for the Huish exhibitions of £50 for four years, four of which are awarded every year. There are also three or more Reynolds exhibitions of £60 a year for four years at Exeter College, Oxford, for those intending to study for Holy Orders; two Vidalian scholarships of £30 a year for four years at St. John’s College, Cambridge; & ten Stapledon scholarships of £60 a year for five years at Exeter College, Oxford, for boys born or educated in the diocese of Exeter, & four Dyke scholarships of £60 a year for four years at Oxford, for boys born or educated in Somerset, Devon or Cornwall. School scholarships, tenable only at the school, are awarded at the beginning of the autumn term, by special examination, their number depending on the number of boys in the school. The school is one of the first grade, & is intended to provide an advanced education, capable of being developed in any required direction. The course of instruction is that of the best public schools, & comprises classics, mathematics, natural science & modern languages. Special attention is also given to preparation for mercantile or other work as parents may request.-Governors, Sir J. H. Kennaway bart.

Cathedral School, The Close. The foundation consists of 14 choristers of the Cathedral; boys whose voices appear promising may be taken & trained with the choristers with a view to their competing for vacancies which may occur in the choir; other pupils are also taken & prepared for the public school & universities. The Very Rev. the Dean & Chapter of Exeter Cathedral are the governing body; the Rev. Harold de Vere Welchman M.A. of Hertford College, Oxford, headmaster.

ROYAL ALBERT MEMORIAL COLLEGE, founded in 1893, is situated in Queen street. The college comprises a technical department, which is under the direction of the University Extension Department, under the direction of a special committee & the Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, & day classes for preparing students for University & other higher examinations. The Technical Department includes the schools of art & science & various technical classes; while in the University Extension Department day classes in various subjects, & normal classes are instructed & lectures delivered. The college is provided with excellent apparatus, well appointed laboratories & a large teaching staff. It has also the advantage of being under the same roof with the library & museum.

HELE’S ENDOWED SCHOOL, Hele road, St. David’s. This school, opened January 15th, 1850, is supported by funds derived from the rents & profits of large estates, formerly the property of Elize Hele esq. who, in 1632, conveyed his lands to Sir J. Maynard & others, as trustees, to appropriate them to “some godly purposes & charitable uses.” A portion only was so appropriated in 1656, by the trustees for the foundation of the Bine Maids’ Hospital, & for nearly 200 years the immediate descendants of Sir J. Maynard received the unappropriated income, & distributed it in private charities as they thought fit, without being accountable in any manner for its application: proceedings in Chancery resulted in depriving the descendant of Sir J. Maynard (the surviving trustee) of all control over the funds, which were thereupon vested in the Crown. The Government, on being petitioned, made to the inhabitants of Exeter certain grants. Of these, only that of £1,500, for the building of a boys’ school (now Hele’s Endowed school) & £300 a year for its continual maintenance, came into operation. Attached to the school are five exhibitions of £20 each, which may be appropriated to the exhibitioner's advancement in any trade or profession. By subsequent Acts the funds of the several endowed schools were merged & placed under the same management. The Grammar school, High School for Girls, Hele’s school & St. John’s orphanage & Elementary school are now partly supported by the funds originally bequeathed by Elize Hele.

High School for Girls, Barnfield, Denmark road, established in September, 1877, & occupying buildings of red brick with stone dressings, erected in 1887. This school is endowed from the funds of St. John’s hospital.

Middle School for Girls, Pennsylvania road, a structure of red brick with Bath stone dressings, erected in 1889, at a cost of about £5,000.

St. John’s Hospital (for boys), High street, was founded by Gilbert & John Long about 1225, & enlarged by Bishop Grandison (1327—69), who also founded & added to it a school for 12 boys, with a grammar master: in 1540, the hospital was suppressed, but was revived by Hugh Crossing, mayor in 1620, & in 1629, after his death, Joan, his widow, re-established it as a school, the nave of the church, which had been used as a dwelling-house, being re-converted into a school-room; in 1637 the foundation was confirmed by royal charter, & in 1876, under a scheme of the Endowed Schools Commissioners, it received a governing body of its own, & is now open to all boys who, in the opinion of the governors, are of good character & of sufficient bodily health, & are residing with their parents, guardians or near relations in or near the city of Exeter. The religious instruction is in accordance with the principles of the Church of England. New class rooms, for 300 boys, were added in 1897. There are at present 20 boys on the foundation. Attached to the school are two scholarships, giving the holders free education in the school & an exhibition tenable at Hele's school; E. A. Sanders esq. chairman of board of governors.

Devon & Exeter Central (mixed), founded in 1814, & rebuilt in Coombe street, in 1857, for 300 boys & 290 girls; average attendance, 270 boys & 170 girls.

Rack Street Infants (endowed) was erected in 1858, for 500 children; average attendance, 257.

Exeter Episcopal (mixed), Mount Dinham, founded in 1708, rebuilt in 1861 & has an income of about £580, derived mainly from 146 acres of land & £4,000 Consols; it will hold 639 children; average attendance, 420.

Exeter School Board, formed January 31, 1871, & (1900) St. Thomas was added, consists of eleven members; Harry J. Morgan, 2 West Southemhay, clerk.

BOARD SCHOOLS

Clifton Road, New town (girls & infants), erected in 1873, & enlarged in 1888, for 400 children; average attendance, 205 girls & 210 infants.

Holloway Street (girls & infants), erected in 1876, for 171 girls & 250 infants; average attendance, 164 girls & 210 infants.

Paradise Street (boys), enlarged in 1881 & rebuilt in 1897, for 250 boys; average attendance, 160.

St. James’ Road (infants), was erected in 1873, for 150 children; average attendance, 145.

St. Mary Arches Street (girls & infants), built in 1873, for 400 children; average attendance, 122 girls & 129 infants.

Exe Island (mixed & infants), erected in 1873, for 300 children; average attendance, 238.

ST. THOMAS’ BOARD SCHOOLS

A School Board was formed Feb. 28th, 1871, but it has been abolished & the schools are now under the control of the Exeter School Board.

Dunsford Road (boys), built with master’s residence attached in 1901, for 600 children; average attendance, 312.

Okehampton Road (junior), erected in 1891, for 400 children; average attendance, 150.

Union Street (girls & infants), erected in 1873, to hold 300 girls & 250 infants; average attendance, 293 girls & 400 infants.

NATIONAL SCHOOLS

St. David’s National & Parochial (boys, girls & infants). The boys’ school in Dinham road was built in 1868, at the sola cost of the late William Gibbs esq. of Tyntesfield, for 163 boys; average attendance, 138; the school for girls & infants in Exe street holds 200 children; average attendance, 125; the girls’ & infants’ school in Hoopem street, erected in 1884, for 140 children; average attendance, 101.

St. James’s (mixed), erected about 1840, for 300 children; average attendance, no boys & 130 girls.

St. Sidwell’s, York road (boys, girls & infants), erected in 1853, & since enlarged for 1,000 children; average attendance, 375 boys, 310 girls & 235 infants.

BRITISH SCHOOLS.

Muller’s, Cheeke street (infants), re-erected in 1890, for 114 children; average attendance, 63.

Paris Street (mixed), built in 1872, for 173 children; average attendance, 173.

Catholic (girls), in the Mint, for 60 children; average attendance, 38; the teaching is provided by the Sisters.

Wesleyan, Mint (mixed), erected in 1846 & enlarged in 1886, for 458 children; average attendance, 165 boys, 164 girls & 100 infants.

The Devon & Exeter Female Reformatory School, Polstoe road, is a plain brick building, erected in 1835, for the employment & instruction of girls, & was enlarged as a Reformatory School in 1858; Thomas Snow, hon. treas.