Plymouth is one of the largest maritime towns in England, and a place of considerable antiquity, but inhabited principally by fishermen, till the reign of Henry II., since which period it has risen into great consequence, through the goodness of its haven, and the vast increase of the British navy.

After the Norman Conquest, Plymouth acquired the name of South-town, or Sutton. In the reign of Edward I. it was called Sutton Prior, and Sutton Valletort; the north parts of the town being situated on the lands of the Prior of Plympton, and the south part on the estates of the Valletorts. These names were relinquished in the reign of Henry the Sixth, for the more appropriate appellation of Plymouth, and was much enlarged by the prudence of one of the Priors of Plympton, and its own rising consequence, about the year 1438.

Plymouth is situated at the mouth of the river Plym, a little distance from its junction with the ocean: the streets in general are ill constructed, narrow, irregular, and some of them steep; and many of the bye streets even filthy. This however is to be principally understood of the oldest part of the town.

The central and more ancient districts of Plymouth are narrow and inconvenient: but the modern additions of Brunswick-terrace, Gascoigne-place, Tavistock-street, Park-street, Frankfort-street, and George- street, are striking instances of an improved taste.

The Mayor is the chief magistrate, and is annually elected on St. Lambert’s day, the 17th of September. The Quarter-Sessions for the borough commence on the Monday after the Quarter-Session for the county. Watchmen are stationed at different parts of the town, and commence their rounds at ten o’clock at night.

"Plymouth presents the admirers of ancient architecture with several curious specimens of building. St. Andrew’s Church, in particular, is highly interesting in this respect; consisting of a nave, aisles, and chancel, with a tower ornamented with pinnacles. It formerly belonged to a monastery, which has long since been converted into wine-vaults, and so mutilated, that but little remains of the original structure. This monastery is supposed to have been erected at least 500 years since; but no documents relative to it remains." It contains many curious monuments; and the organ is said to surpass all in the west of England, from its power, richness, and swell. Charles Church, which was built in the reign of Charles II., and intended to perpetuate the memory of his unfortunate parent, lies on the north side of the town. The present Vicar is the well-known Dr. Hawker. There are meetinghouses for Dissenters of all kinds, and a synagogue for Jews.

To give any thing like a correct account of the Dissenting congregations of the present day at Plymouth, Mr. Lysons observes, is extremely difficult, the Dissenters themselves being by no means agreed as to the denominations of the several sects. However, it is allowed by all, that those of the Presbyterian and Independent are grown obsolete, together with the circumstances which gave rise to them. Most of the Presbyterian congregations are become Unitarians, and some of the Independents: others, abandoning the name of Independents, call themselves moderate Calvinists. Others again call themselves Independent Calvinists. There are several congregations at Plymouth-dock. Besides Quakers and Wesleyans in Plymouth and the neighbouring towns, there are meetinghouses of the Briganites, and Baringites, and a Jews’ synagogue. The former of these have introduced female preachers.

The theatre is also a large and handsome building. Besides several Sunday-schools, &c. here is a Grammar-school erected in 1573, and endowed for a master with a salary of 30l. per annum, a dwelling-house, and a garden. An Asylum for Female Penitents, reading societies, and several book-clubs, have been established here.

The Guildhall is a modern structure, somewhat of a triangular form; spacious, but rather inconveniently situated at the junction of four streets, three of which are very narrow. The streets in general are close, but they have the advantage of being well paved, cleaned, and lighted. Good inns, &c. may be expected in so considerable a town of course; the principal of these are the Pope’s Head, Globe, King’s Arms, London Inn, Commercial Inn.

The Royal Hospital is an extensive building, provided with every appropriate convenience for the relief and comfort of the sick and hurt seamen and marines.

The citadel, which lies on the south side of the town, was erected in the reign of Charles II. It stands on the site of a quadrangular castle, erected here in the year 1396, by the direction and at the expence of Edmund Stafford, then Bishop of Exeter; some few fragments of which still remain in the garden walls, &c. on the hill near the Barbican. The inhabitants of Plymouth, during the Protectorate, espoused the parliamentary interest during the Civil Wars. However, after the Restoration, Charles II. paid them a visit in propria personae, when the inhabitants, desirous of his good will, presented him, by the hands of the Mayor, with a purse containing 150 pieces of gold, with which he returned to the metropolis well satisfied.

Near the citadel is the Victualling-office, an extensive range of buildings, where, during the late war, his Majesty’s navy was supplied with bread, a sufficient quantity being baked in one day for 16, 000 men, at one pound each.

Stonehouse, which now connects Plymouth with Plymouth-dock, or what is more commonly called Dock, is a village which has long been an improving place. The Marine-barracks, a fine pile of buildings built of the moorstone, or granite, on the east of this village, are very extensive. Stonehouse-bridge, the principal avenue between Plymouth and Dock, was erected at the joint expence of the Earl of Mount Edgecumbe, and Sir John St. Aubyn, Bart. It consists of one handsome arch built of stone; but being subject to a toll from carriages and passengers, this is estimated at 500l. per annum. Plymouth-dock is situated at the mouth of the Tamar, upon that part of it called the Ham ouze, or Hamoaze, but the town of Dock, the village of Stoke, the Dock-yard, Gunwharf, Military Hospital, and other buildings, are comprehended in the manor and parish of Stoke Damarel, which coutains 1600 acres. The manor has the privilege of a court-leet and court-baron; and the number of houses in the town of Dock, between two and three thousand, are all built by the inhabitants upon leases for ninety-nine years, granted by the lord of the manor, determinable by the death of three lives, nominated by the lessee, and subject to a small annual quit rent on the death of each life. Plymouth, as it may be expected, is strongly fortified.

Opposite to the town, and in the middle of the harbour, is a small island, called St. Nicholas. It is surrounded with rocks, and has a strong castle and fortifications, with furnaces for heating ball upon it. These fortifications command the entrance into Hamoaze and Catwater. On the opposite shore, over against St. Nicholas Island, is the citadel of Plymouth, erected in the reign of Charles II. The walls of this citadel are three quarters of a mile in circumference, and fortified with five regular bastions, on which, and the curtains, are mounted 165 large pieces of ordnance.

The town of Plymouth is situated above the citadel, on a gentle declivity of the same rock, sloping towards Catwater, where there is a kind of natural mole or haven, called Sutton Pool, from the ancient name of the town, with a quay and other conveniences for loading and unloading ships. The trade of the town is extensive, but chiefly depending on shipping and the royal navy. The pilchard fishery also forms a considerable part of the trade of this port.

At Plymouth, it should be understood, are two harbours for merchant ships, called Catwater and Sutton Pool. Catwater is at the confluence of the Plym, or rather the Plym passes through it to the sea: it is a large harbour, capable of receiving 1000 sail of ships. The entrance to Sutton Pool harbour from Catwater is between two large piers, ninety feet apart, erected between 1790 and 1800.

The Royal Hotel and theatre were commenced in 1811, and finished within two years: the whole north front is 275 feet in length, having in the centre a magnificent portico of eight Ionic columns, extending seventy-five feet. The portico in the east elevation is fifty-nine feet wide. The theatre occupies the western division of the building, and is a noble edifice, and is generally open four months during the summer.

The edifice containing the public library is in Cornwall-street, and was begun in 1811, under the direction of Mr. Foulston.

The law library, the members of which are professional gentlemen, is held under the same roof.

The structure, including the Plymouth Institution, Was erected on a spot of ground adjoining the theatre, and the foundation-stone laid in May 1818. The chaste and classical elegance of the edifice has been justly characterized as "worthy the most flourishing period of any society," and the appellation of Athenaeum deservedly bestowed upon a building constructed after the purest models of Grecian architecture. Besides the library, the exhibitions of paintings and pictures, deserve the admiration of all persons possessing taste and judgment.

The society constituting the Plymouth Institution "owes its formation to the laudable endeavours of Henry Woollcombe, Esq. who had long contemplated the beneficial effects resulting from societies composed of persons of various pursuits, but whose common object was the cultivation of useful knowledge. That highly respected individual being joined by several other gentlemen, who were inclined cordially to cooperate in the undertaking, the society was first originated in the year 1812. Its meetings were then held in the public library, from whence they were removed to the picture gallery, in Frankfort-place. The accommodations afforded by this apartment, being found too limited for the increased numbers and importance of the society, it was determined to erect a building, exclusively appropriated to the purposes of the institution; —to raise a temple, where the penates of learning and science, might be securely deposited.

A spot of ground, adjoining the theatre, having been previously selected for the purpose, the foundation- stone of the building was laid in the presence of the members, by H. Woollcombe, Esq. senior president for the year, on the first of May, 1818. The design was furnished by Mr. Foulston, to whom the society is indebted for his gratuitous services in superintending the work, till the completion in February, 1819, when it was opened for the public business of the institution. The chaste and classical elegance of the edifice, has been justly characterised as "worthy the most flourishing period of any society;" and affords another pleasing specimen of the talents of the architect. The appellation of Athenaeum has been deservedly bestowed upon a building constructed after the purest models of Grecian architecture.

The front is a Doric portico of four columns, the centre intercolumniation being wider than the others, similar to the portico of the temple of Theseus, at Athens, but more massive in its proportions. The sides of the building are plain, beyond the returns of the portico, except that the entablature, with the triglyphs and metopes, are continued the whole length of each side. The portico is nearly thirty-six feet in breadth; each column three feet nine inches in diameter, and the whole depth of the building seventy-eight feet. The entrance, from the portico, is into the vestibule, which is ornamented with an entablature, supported by Doric columns; within these, is the staircase leading to the committee-room. This apartment contains the library of the institution; an orrery, electrical machine, air-pump, and other apparatus, for the assistance of members in lectures, and in private scientific researches. There are also cabinets containing specimens of natural history, among which are some in the mineralogical department, of great curiosity. These have been presented by the members and other friends to the institution, and may be considered as the rudiments of a museum; the establishment of which, forms one of the grand objects of the society. This is indeed a most interesting feature in its constitution, when it is notorious that the want of such a public depository, has been the cause why the attainment of many valuable curiosities has been neglected; or why, if attained, their preservation has been the subject of so little attention.

The hall, or lecture-room, is furnished with seats for the president, secretary, and treasurer, and benches for the members placed in an elliptical form round the room; the rostrum for the lecturer, is directly opposite the president’s chair. The apartment is lighted from an oblong lantern in the roof, and sufficient warmth is afforded by means of flues, communicating with an heating apparatus in the basement story.

Casts, the noblest specimens of the golden age of Grecian sculpture, enrich the hall and other apartments of this classic temple. On one side, the magnificent Apollo Belvidere, which, whether vindicating his insulted priest, hurling his darts against the children of Niobe, or exterminating the monstrous Python, still looks dreadful in godlike majesty. There the Medicean Venus, "the statue that enchants the world," beauteous as when her divine charms were unveiled to the shepherd of Ida. Next, the young Antinous, the perfect model of manly symmetry; with a mutilated, but beautiful, statue of Cupid. Here the recumbent Ilissus, and there the gigantic, but exquisite proportions of the Theseus.

Over the president’s chair, is placed a colossal bust of Minerva, and nine recesses are occupied by nine of the fifteen metopes which, alternately with the triglyphs, adorned the frieze of the Parthenon at Athens. They represent the battle between the Centaurs and the Lapithae, who were assisted by their Athenian allies, under the command of Theseus, against these formidable enemies. In some of the sculptures, the Centaurs are victorious, in others the Lapithae have the advantage, while in the rest, the scales of victory appear equally poised (These magnificent specimens of ancient art, are executed in alto relievo, and in their original situation, were seen at the height of nearly 44 feet from the ground. ) A portion of the procession extends the whole breadth of the hall, over the door; a smaller portion is placed in the form of a tablet above. The original sculpture composed the exterior frieze of the Cella of the Parthenon, which embellished the upper part of the walls within the colonnade, at the height of the Pronaos, and was continued in an uninterrupted series of sculptures round the temple. — The whole is in very low relief, and represents the sacred procession which was performed at the Great Panathenaea, a festival celebrated at Athens every fifth year, with the utmost pomp and splendour, in honour of Minerva Soteria, the patroness of the city. This portion of the frieze is arranged in the same order in which it would be seen by the spectator who approached the temple by the east, and walked round it by the north, west, and south.

Among the figures are seen, the directors of the procession, and officers, whose duty it was to receive the presents; next to these, are divinities and deified heroes, seated; among whom are Jupiter and Juno, Castor and Pollux, Ceres and Triptolemus, Æsculapius and Hygeia; the remaining space is occupied by groupes of charioteers and horsemen. Whether we consider the beauty of the composition, or the bold and spirited manner in which the artist has embodied his conceptions, the execution of the different figures will still present us with the highest effort of the art of sculpture in the class of low relief, and increase our admiration for the character of the great people, who besides their poets, painters, and orators, could claim as citizens, Praxiteles, Lysippus, and Phidias.

The Metopes and the Procession are casts from the famous Elgin collection, and were presented to the institution in the most gracious and munificent manner, by his Majesty George the Fourth. The Apollo is the splendid present of Admiral Sir T. B. Martin; the Venus, of Gen. Sir Wm. Congreve; and the Antinous, that of the Earl of Morley. The bust of Minerva was given by the Rev. R. Lampen, one of the members. The possession of these fine models of ancient sculpture, must be considered as an event of the greatest importance in promoting the progress of the arts, and is justly the boast of the society.

The institution consists of ordinary, extraordinary, honorary, and corresponding members. Its affairs are under the direction of three presidents, a treasurer, and secretary, elected every year from among the ordinary members. The session commences annually on the first Thursday in October, and a lecture is delivered every week till the last Thursday in March. The chair is taken at seven o’clock, and an essay is read by one of the ordinary members; after which, a discussion is entered into, which by the laws of the society, cannot continue after ten. The discussions that follow the lectures are characterised by a spirit of candour and liberality, which, while it must be universally pleasing, cannot fail of being conducive to the prosperity and permanence of the institution. To secure unanimity, subjects tending to dissension, are always avoided: those most fruitful sources of disputation, politics, and controversial theology, being prohibited by the laws.

The collision of talent produced in this society, must frequently elicit sparks of genius, which would perhaps have for ever remained dormant, if they had not been thus kindled into action. —Who will assert, that it may not be the means of fanning the latent flame of "poesy divine," in the breast of "some mute inglorious Milton;" of exciting some painter to emulate the fame of Reynolds; some mathematician to aspire after the glories of Newton? With such anticipations, the eulogium of one of its members will be acknowledged to be as just as it is elegant, when he praises its "zeal to promote the intellectual character of a town, distinguished by its national importance, and by the residence of men, estimable in literary accomplishments, and the pursuits of science and the arts (Lampen’s Discourse on the opening of the Athenaeum)." The same author foresees, in the assemblage of persons, "united by the common desire of improving the best possession of their nature, much invaluable enjoyment, gladdening the privacy of domestic life—much elevation of character bestowed on social intercourse —many innocent resources afforded, to diversify the occasional sameness, to relieve the frequent anxieties, and to ennoble the daily pleasures of existence. Here men of various talents and acquirements meet, and contribute their quota of information to the general stock; and while a laudable emulation is created, each individual enjoys more ample means of prosecuting his literary studies, or of pursuing his scientific researches, than he could hope for, if relying upon his own unassisted resources. And so long as an anxiety for mutual improvement is paramount among the members, the prosperity and stability of the institution will continue to be a subject of the greatest interest to all who consider the progress of knowledge, as intimately connected with public and social happiness.

Another most interesting feature of the Plymouth Institution, is the Exhibition of Paintings, which is opened in the hall of the Athenaeum, annually, in the month of August. It consists of the works of artists and amateurs of the town and neighbourhood; and pictures of the Italian, Flemish, Dutch, and British schools, furnished from the collections of the neighbouring nobility and gentry. From these sources, with the specimens of Grecian sculpture already enumerated, an exhibition is produced, which in value or extent, would form no mean rival to those of the metropolis. During the month it continues open, the hall of the Athenaeum is a favourite resort; especially on those evenings when it is lighted up, it becomes the rendezvous of persons of high distinction and fashion, as well as of connoisseurs. The prices of admission are one shilling, and three shillings for general tickets.

The Exhibition of Pictures was first commenced in 1815, at the Gallery in Frankfort-place. The projectors were induced to believe that occasional exhibitions of the admirable works of Reynolds, Northcote, Opie, and of others, whose rising talents justify the expectation of increasing excellence, would be highly gratifying to the public, and might promote and encourage a taste for the fine arts. But above all, they considered that such exhibitions could not fail to operate as a powerful stimulus to future artists. These objects, as far as it can be judged, have been most successfully accomplished. The kindness shewn by proprietors of pictures, and the assistance of resident artists, have enabled the conductors to present the public annually with an interesting and valuable assemblage of paintings. While the exhibition affords to the artists an opportunity of submitting their works to the notice of the public, with greater facility, the repeated contemplation of masterpieces and pictures of acknowledged excellence, every year, creates new admirers and patrons of this enchanting art.

Devonshire, it is added, is the natal soil of painters, and Plymouth can claim more than an equal proportion. Mr. James Northcote, R. A. is a native of the town; the name of the painter of the Triumphant Entry into Jerusalem, ranked as it is with those of the greatest masters, must add lustre to the place of his nativity: and Plymouth can justly boast her Haydon. The exhibition annually attests the existence of superior native talent; and the following gentlemen are professed artists resident in the town. Mr. P. H. Rogers, and Mr. A. B. Johns, landscape painters; Mr. J. Ball, history and portrait; M. J. Ponsford, portrait; Mr. N. Condy, landscape and portrait; Mr. Dillon, miniature; and Mr. H. Worsley, landscape in water colours. Mr. Rogers has also lately produced some fine landscape drawings of great power and depth of colouring. Mr. C. Eastlake, whose early display of pre-eminent genius gave such sanguine promise of mature excellence, has been enriching his mind among the ruins of ancient magnificence in Greece, and imbibing inspiration from the works of the great Italian masters, in the metropolis of modern art. The exhibition is also indebted to Mr. S. Prout, whose celebrity as a water colour painter is well known; to Mr. T. Williams, of Exeter; Mr. John King; Mr. Luny, and Mr. Brockedon, all Devonian artists. The display of feminine talent we record with peculiar pleasure, and the abilities of Miss Jane Hamlyn, have procured her the honorary reward of the gold Isis medal, presented to her by the Duke of Sussex. Mrs. Shaw’s flower pieces excite general admiration, for elegance of grouping and fidelity of colouring.

Among the amateurs who occasionally contribute their works to the exhibition, we are proud to enumerate many of high rank, who have devoted their leisure to this elegant art, with great success: the Countess of Morley, Sir W. Elford, Miss Elford, G. Collins, Esq., E. H. Gennys, Esq., and a few of the distinguished persons, who are not only patrons of painting, but successful cultivators of different branches of that pleasing pursuit. —Vide Panorama of Plymouth, &c. &c. By Mr. Samuel Rowe.

The Custom-house was removed from its former mean and inconvenient situation on the 1st of January, 1820. The new Custom-house fronts the parade, or coal-quay, and the warehouses and cellars behind extend into Foynes’s-lane. The front is built of granite, with a colonnade of five arches, supported by rusticated piers of the same material. The whole structure presents a substantial and handsome appearance. This building, while its structure does credit to the contractors, is an honour to the town. The long room for public business, is a handsome and spacious apartment, and the respective offices are well adapted for the accommodation and comfort of their occupants.

It seems as if the importance and activity of Plymouth would be sustained, if not increased, by the recent determination to remove the packets, that have heretofore sailed from Falmouth, to this port, from whence, in future, they will sail and return from their different destinations.

A company at Plymouth, in 1822, became the proprietors of two steam-packets, to be employed between that port and Portsmouth, on the completion of the line of canal from London through Arundel to London.

Since the year 1820 very great improvements have been made in the turnpike roads to and from Plymouth. The new line of road cut thence to Tavistock avoids the high hills.

Plymouth-dock, or Dock-town, as it is often called, lies at the entrance of the Hamoaze, about two miles distant from the town of Plymouth, and 216 miles from London.

Many improvements have taken place in the Postoffice since 1814. The London-mail, which also brings letters from parts east of this town, in England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, arrives at about seven in the morning here, and fifteen minutes later at Dock. The letters are delivered out at or before eight during summer, and in winter as soon after that hour as the arrival of the coach will permit. The mail-coach is continued into Cornwall thirty minutes after its arrival at Dock.

The Hoe or Hawe at Plymouth, may be considered as a healthful and charming public promenade, stretching from Catwater to Mill-bay, and on the eastern extremity the citadel is built.

The access from the town will be greatly improved by the formation of a street leading from the Royal Hotel to the Hoe. This will be called Armada-street, to perpetuate the circumstance of the news of the appearance of the Spanish fleet, in 1588, having been brought to Sir Francis Drake while engaged in playing at bowls, near this spot.

Among the numerous charitable institutions here, "The Household of Faith" is not one of the least remarkable. This owes its origin and support to the Rev. Dr. Hawker. A number of girls are educated in plain work, reading, and writing. The Corpus Christi Society, for the relief of sick: and distressed poor, is under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Hawker. The Provident Society was established by some benevolent ladies in 1820, for assisting and encouraging the poor in making some provision in summer, out of their own earnings, against winter.

To set these improvements in the general character of the town and inhabitants of Plymouth, in a still stronger light, we shall now advert to some observations made a few years previous to the late peace, "by a very intelligent inhabitant, whose habits and long residence in the town rendered him fully competent to describe its manners;" and then "Look on this picture, and look on that."

The fluctuations occasioned by the alternate operation of peace and war, have hitherto prevented the society of this place from acquiring any permanent feature. Under the influence of these opposite causes, it exhibits a surprising contrast. Peace is almost annihilation to it. Trade then stagnates; speculation expires; numerous shops and houses are shut up; the streets are silent; and inactivity and despondency pervade every one. War instantly changes the scene. A new spirit is suddenly diffused, and the greatest ardor and industry prevail. The frequent equipment and return of fleets occasions the expenditure of large sums of money; and multitudes of speculators resort hither from all parts of the kingdom to participate in the spoil. Shops of every description open in endless succession; not a house is vacant; clamour and bustle pervade the streets; and at length the whole place exhibits the appearance of a fair.

The inhabitants are chiefly composed of artificers in the Dock-yard and Gun-wharf, tradesmen and mechanics, retail dealers and wholesale dealers, (though in a contracted way), and officers and others belonging to the navy. There is scarcely a person of fortune who is not engaged in some kind of business or profession. Literature and the fine arts meet little encouragement. There is but one book club in the town at present; nor is there any other association or institution of a literary or scientific nature; though several circulating libraries have been opened, to the support of which the fair sex chiefly contribute. The manners and customs must be necessarily unsettled, from the frequent influx of the navy and army, and of strangers during war; and a spirit of unsociability prevails generally throughout the place, for which two causes may be assigned; an overstrained competition in almost every kind of business and trade, and a great diversity of opinion in religious matters. The amusements of the inhabitants are very few. Their principal gratification seems to arise from an inordinate love of dress, in which almost all indulge with equal excess; and a no less inordinate devotion to cards, which occupy whole evenings in succession. There is a very good assembly-room, at which an assembly is held every fortnight during six months of the year, by subscription. It appears, however, to be confined to a few families in the town, and the naval and military officers. The theatre is crowded in war, principally by the navy: in peace, it can scarcely support a company of performers.

This place does not appear to have given birth to any character of literary celebrity: in fact, it is not adapted to the cultivation of intellect. Wealth is the universal idol, and science scarcely vegetates. There are no manufactories in this town; nor till within a few years, has there been any thing like commercial speculation. Several of the principal inhabitants are now, however, engaged in shipping concerns, under the denomination of the Dock Union Company, and employ several vessels in the coasting trade. They have also converted a small quay and landing-place at Mutton Cove (the ferry to Mount Edgcumbe), into an excellent and commodious quay and bason, both for their vessels, and the general accommodation of boats landing there from the ships in Hamoaze, the Sound, &c. About ten years since a Bank was established, which has given great facility to the trade and commerce of the town. These circumstances, added to the increased wealth of the inhabitants from the late war, will considerably alter the spirit and character of the place.

During the war, the merchants and wholesale dealers in London, and other places, supplied persons here with goods on credit, to whom, perhaps, they were entire strangers, and who frequently began their career of business without a shilling. Some of these, in a few months after a rapid sale, absconded with the money; others, from ignorance of the business they engaged in, and extravagant living, soon obtained a residence in the sheriff’s ward of Exeter. Their places, however, were immediately filled by others of the same description, and goods supplied them in the same way with equal eagerness. The speculations of those who furnished them must, therefore, have been, on the whole, advantageous. Most of the articles, indeed, were manufactured for the occasion, and the prices were exorbitant. The prodigality and credulity of seamen have been long proverbial; but the naval heroes of the present day seem, in these respects, to have out-done all their predecessors. The inconsistent and thoughtless profusion of this singular class of men, their frolics, their credulity, and the various impositions practised on them, would altogether form a detail the most curious and incredible. Extravagance, however, was not confined to them. The artificers in the Dock-yard, who, during war, double, and frequently treble, their wages, and, indeed, many of the inhabitants, who derived any benefit from this source of calamity to the world, evinced a similar disposition. Prodigality seemed to be the order of the day. This superfluity, however, was principally lavished in personal decoration, and luxurious living. Distinctions in dress and modes of living became at length almost extinct.

Amidst the general dissipation and rage for worldly aggrandisement, a religious disposition was every where prevalent. Churches, chapels, and meetings, were crowded with auditors. The latter not only on Sundays, but many evenings in the week. Besides public places of worship, parties of the pious assembled at each other’s houses, and embryo preachers here first practised the rudiments of their future calling!

These spiritual pastors were principally uneducated mechanics and artificers in the Dock-yard and town. Never, perhaps, did moralist survey a more incongruous spectacle than this place afforded. The most open and undisguised profaneness, and the most rigid sanctity, seemed equally predominant. On one hand were heard the revels of debauchery and drunkenness; and on the other, the praises and prayers of devotional congregations! The sanctuaries of religion were surrounded by the temples of profligacy. Prostitution walked the streets shameless and unabashed: levity and extravagance were universally diffused. Extortion prevailed, as if by mutual concurrence; most seeming desirous rather to participate in its advantages, than to oppose its influence.

A disinterested observer would have thought that the whole desideratum of life was confined to the acquisition of wealth, licentious gratifications, and ostentatious dress; and that its duties were comprised in a regular attendance on places of worship, and the belief of certain undefinable notions, and extravagant conceits, which neither improve the understanding, correct the manners, or amend the heart. All the refinements of intellect, all the treasures of mental wealth, were despised. That such a general acquiescence in dissipation and venality should exist under the apparent auspices of religion, is a circumstance peculiar, perhaps, to modern times.

According to the returns of 1821, the number of inhabitants in Plymouth and its suburbs was 61, 212: the houses, 6248.

It was in the reign of William III. first designed to make a wet and dry dock here; there have been added several others, with every convenience for building and repairing ships, hewn out of a mine of slate, and lined with Portland stone. After the construction of the docks, storehouses were built for the arms, rigging, sails, &c. with houses for the different officers and artificers of every description to live in. Also extensive barracks, and a military hospital; all which, with the great number of houses occupied by tradesmen and private individuals, have rendered Dock nearly as large as Plymouth itself; to which indeed it appears to belong, being completely connected by the village of Stonehouse, which is a very populous and improving place, and extending from Plymouth towards Dock. The marine barracks, a fine pile of buildings, built of limestone or marble, on the east side of Stonehouse, are very extensive.

Stonehouse derives its name from Joel de Stonehouse, lord of this domain in the reign of Henry III. It anciently received the name of East Stonehouse, to distinguish it from West Stonehouse, which, being burnt by the French, has long ceased to bear that name. This was situated on the opposite shore of the harbour, at Cremill. Stonehouse is now situated about one mile west of Plymouth, and nearly midway between that town and Dock, although the buildings in Union-street nearly approach those at Plymouth. The great turnpike, to the ferry at New-passage, which is continued from Torpoint, through Cornwall, passes through Stonehouse, from which circumstance, and the erection of the hospitals and barracks, it has risen, within a few years, from a Small village to a handsome town. The present number of inhabitants is computed at six thousand.

The police of Stonehouse is under the direction of Thomas Clinton Shields, Esq. a county magistrate, resident in the town; but all complaints and other business are brought before the bench of magistrates, at their weekly sittings at the Town-hall in Dock. The usual number of constables are appointed, but there are no watchmen, nor are the streets lighted at any period of the year. With the exception of the older parts of the town, the buildings are neat and handsome, and the streets straight and commodious; particularly those of Durnford-street, Emma-place, Edgcombe-street, and Union-street. These are almost entirely occupied by genteel families, chiefly those of naval and military officers, and other persons holding situations under government; many of whom have been induced to become proprietors of houses, on the very liberal terms on which the lord of the manor grants leases, which are renewable for ever, at a small fixed fine, subject to the payment of an annual couventionary rent. The addition of Union- street, which has taken place within the last five years, is an improvement of the greatest importance, as the road through Fore-street is narrow and inconvenient, and the houses for the most part irregularly built; while the new road affords a spacious thoroughfare, and presents to strangers, on their entrance, a succession of neat and uniform buildings.

The whole parish of East Stonehouse is the property of the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, and the houses are chiefly leased out on the plan before described. The inhabitants are supplied with water by the Dock water-works, from whence it is brought by means of pipes carried across the creek; the rent of which is the same as at Dock. The only kinds of commerce carried on here, are the coal and timber trades. The vessels thus employed, discharge their cargoes at the quays in Stonehouse-pool. The principal quay is spacious and convenient, and the dues for landing goods are collected by a renter. The watermen, who ply for hire, resort to this quay, and like those at Plymouth, are under no regulation as to their fares. Near this is a shipwright’s yard, where vessels can be drawn up and repaired.

Stonehouse-bridge, the principal avenue between Plymouth and Dock, was erected at the joint expence of the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe and Sir John St. Aubyn, Bart. It consists of one handsome arch, built of stone. Foot passengers, horsemen, and carriages, pay a toll at this bridge; the rent of which is estimated at about 500l. per annum. The number of houses in Dock must be nearly 2500, all built by the inhabitants upon leases for ninety-nine years, granted by the lord of the manor, determinable by the death of three lives, nominated by the lessee, and subject to a small annual quit-rent of a few shillings, with a heriot, double the quit-rent, on the death of each life. The present annual income is considered as amounting to about 6000l. but whenever the whole of the lands and houses of the manor, not on perpetual renewal, reverts to the proprietor, little doubt can be entertained, but that the rental will increase to upwards of 80, 000l. per annum.

The town of Dock and Dock-yard are defended by strong fortifications. On the north-east and south sides the town is bounded by a wall about twelve feet high, called the King’s interior boundary wall; the western side is skirted by the Dock-Yard and Gun- Wharf. Without the wall is a line or breast-work, with a ditch, from twelve to eighteen and twenty feet deep, excavated from the solid slate and lime-stone rock. In the lines are three barrier gates; the North Barrier, which leads to the new passage across the Tamar; the Stoke Barrier, leading towards Tavistock; and the Stonehouse Barrier, conducting towards Stonehouse, Plymouth, &c. Of the other fortifications, the principal are a battery on Mount Wise (where the ancient seat of the Wises, formerly lords of the manor, stood); another at Obelisk Hill, near Mount Edgcumbe; and the Redoubt and Block House on Mount Pleasant, which commands the capitol of the lines.

The Dock-yard, even in its present unfinished state, is acknowledged to be one of the finest in the world. When it was first used as a naval arsenal is uncertain; but as the Bason and its Dock are the most ancient, though not made till the reign of William the Third, it seems evident that this was a place of little consequence previous to that period. The Dock-yard is separated from the town by a wall of slate and limestone, in some places thirty feet high, extending from North Corner on the north to Mutton Cove on the south. The area within these bounds is seventy-one acres and thirty-six poles, exclusive of the projecting parts of the Jetties.

The entrance to the Dock-yard from the land side is from Fore-street, by a large gate for carriages, &c. and a small one for foot-passengers. These are guarded with the utmost vigilance by three underporters, and two military centinels, who suffer no person to enter, who is not well known or in uniform, without an order in writing from the commissioners. Immediately within the gates is the Master-porter’s House, near which is a small neat chapel, consisting of two aisles, and a tower; the tower and one aisle were erected, as appears by an inscription over the south door, in the year 1700; the other aisle was erected by a late incumbent, on condition that he should receive the emoluments arising from letting the pews; which he continued to do till the year 1787, when government returned the sum he had expended in the building, and appropriated the chapel exclusively to the officers and artificers of the navy and Dock-yard. In front of the chapel is the Military Guard Office, and over it the Navy Pay-Office.

A new chapel was opened in the Dock-yard in November 1817, which may unquestionably be reckoned among the finest specimens of modern church architecture in the united kingdoms. This chapel has been rebuilt by government, on a larger and more liberal scale than before, for the better accommodation of the clerks and artificers of the Dock-yard, the admiral, and officers of the navy, the general officers and corps of royal marines, and the officers, men, and boys, of the ordinary.

Weakley’s Hotel has powerful recommendations; the same may he said of Goude’s King’s Arms, Townshend’s London Inn, &c.

The market-place is of recent erection, and for extent and accommodation is fully equal to any in the west of England; and the market, though not chartered, is held three times a week.

A flat paved road, skirted with elms, leads from the gates to the officers’ dwelling-houses, which are thirteen in number, built of brick, three stories high, with kitchens beneath, and pleasant gardens behind; in front is a double row of lime-trees. From hence to the lower part of the yard, which has been levelled from the solid rock, is a descent by a number of steps which lead to two handsome buildings, erected of late years as offices: in the northernmost is the joiner’s shop, having a cupola rising from the centre. Directly opposite these buildings is the Bason and Dock that were made in the reign of King William. The Bason is a large excavation, into which the water flows through an opening about seventy feet wide; here all the boats belonging to the yard are kept, as well as the launches employed in moving ships. Within the Bason is the Dock, which is sufficiently capacious for a seventy-four gun ship; its length is 197 feet three inches; its width sixty-five feet ten inches; and its depth twenty-three feet one inch. The Bason is bounded on each side by jetty-heads, which are platforms projecting over the sea, supported by wooden pillars driven full of nails, to prevent the worms from perforating them. Vessels of all sizes lie alongside these jetties, without grounding, and here all ships are brought to be fitted out.

Adjoining the South Jetty is the rigging-house, a handsome building, 480 feet long, and three stories high, forming one side of a quadrangle. This fabric is of limestone, with the coins and cornices of Portland stone. Within it, the rigging for the ships of war is kept in such a state of forwardness, as to be fit for use at a very short notice. Over the rigging-house is the sail-loft, where all the sails are cut out and made. The remaining three sides of the quadrangle are storehouses, in which the various articles necessary to equip the fleets are kept.

Southward from these buildings is a slip for hauling up and cleaning the bottoms of small vessels, such as sloops of war, cutters, &c. Beyond this is the Camber, a long canal, about seventy feet wide, terminating at the upper end in a bason, where boats lay; on the north side of which is the boat-house, where boats are built and repaired, and afterwards kept till wanted. Here, previous to the year 1768, was the bounds of the yard; all hence to the southward is still called the "New Ground. "

On the sides of the Camber several cranes have lately been erected, constructed on a new plan, and of such great power, that two of them worked by eight men will raise fifteen tons. The others, of less power, will raise ten tons each. By a swinging bridge a thoroughfare is made across the canal. Near the water is the anchorage wharf, where anchors are made 98 owt.

The blacksmith’s shop, which is situated South from the canal, is a spacious building, about 210 feet square, and containing forty-eight forges. The largest anchors made here weigh five tons, and are worth upwards of 550l. each; they are made of iron bars, forged together, and are moved in and out of the fire by the aid of cranes. Those who are unaccustomed to scenes of this kind, feel strong sensations of horror on first entering; the clanking of the chains used to blow the bellows, the dingy countenance of the workmen, the immense fires, and above all, the yellow glare thrown on every thing by the flames shining through the dismal columns of smoke that continually fill the building, form together a most terrific picture. The anchor-wharf fronts the blacksmith’s shop. Some hundreds of anchors for ships of war, are generally stored here, all of them painted, and placed upright, to present rusting.

Near this wharf are three slips, on which large ships are built; adjoining the slips is a boiling-house, in which the planks that are to receive a particular curve, are boiled in water for a considerable time, and being afterwards applied hot to their places, are immediately fastened; without this process, it would be impossible to bring timber of such great magnitude as is wanted to the requisite shape.

The mast-house is situated to the north of the slips; in it the different masts and yards are made: the main mast of a first rate measures 119 feet eight inches in length, and is ten feet in circumference: they are composed of many pieces of balk, formed to fit into each other, then rounded and pressed together with iron hoops, driven on red-hot.

Near the mast-house is the pond, a large piece of water, inclosed from the sea by a very strong wall, of at least ten feet in thickness, and about 380 feet long; the top of which is laid flat with large flags of coarse granite. The water flows in through two openings of about forty feet wide, over which are light wooden bridges. An immense number of masts, yards, &c. are always kept in this pond, to prevent their cracking from exposure to the sun.

There is a small mount near the south end of the mast-house, generally called Bunker’s-hill, on the summit of which is a watch-house, and a battery of five cannon, nine-pounders, four of iron, and one a beautiful brass piece, made at Paris. The prospect from this place is very extensive and interesting, including the Sound, St. Nicholas’ Island, Mount Edgcumbe, the Dock-yard, Hamoaze, and the Cornish side of the Tamar, as high as Saltash. Under the hill is a small powder magazine; and near it a slip for building cutters and small vessels on.

The rope-houses, which are situated more in the interior of the yard, are two buildings of limestone, running parallel to each other, two stories high, with cellars beneath, and 1200 feet long; in the upper story twine is made, and the yarns prepared for the cables, which are twisted together below. The largest cables that are made for shipping are twenty-five inches in circumference, and one hundred fathoms long; they weigh near 120 cwt. and are worth upwards of 400l. In a cable of this size there are 3240 yarns.

Behind the rope-houses are the dwellings of the master rope-makers; and parallel with them, storehouses for hemp, &c. The mould or model-loft, where the different parts of ships to be built are laid down, according to plans sent from the Navy Board, is in front of the store-house, and is the last building of importance in that part of the yard, south of the Bason, to which we now return.

Having passed the master attendant’s office, situated on the south entrance to the bason, the stranger will perceive the astonishing efforts of human skill, in the construction of the new sea-wall, which is carried into the sea far beyond low-water mark; the foundation having been recently laid, at a considerable depth below the surface, by means of the diving-bell. The particulars of this operation are detailed by Mr. Smith, (who was appointed by the Honourable the Commissioners of the Navy to superintend the work, ) in his observations on diving machines, from which the following account has been extracted.

" It being considered indispensable by the Lords of the Admiralty, that a wall should be built in Plymouth Dock-yard, on the margin of the harbour, Mr. Rennie was applied to, and the necessary plans furnished. The work was commenced by clearing away the old foundation and piles, which had been placed there during several former attempts to construct a similar erection. In one part was found a number of moorstone piles, from ten to fifteen feet in length, besides timber of various descriptions; a boat was likewise found, six feet below the surface of the soil. Having cleared away as much of the materials as appeared necessary, the next undertaking was to drive piles into the ground, which was effected by the workmen standing on a stage, elevated a little above the surface of the sea at high water.

"There are four rows of principal piles, from fifty to sixty feet in length, and one row of sheeting piles in front of them. Each pile furnished with a wrought iron shoe, was driven to the rock, with an inclination towards the land of four inches in a foot, by means of an iron block, weighing 14 owt. This block was raised, by machinery, to the height of thirty feet, and then let fall directly on the head of each pile in succession. After being all thus driven down, they were cut off, under water, by the assistance of the diving-bell.

"The soil was excavated from among the piles, which were cut down as the excavation proceeded, until a firm stratum of sand presented itself. The four rows of piles were levelled in a longitudinal direction, and the transverse, cut with an inclination of four inches in a foot; the radiation required for the wall; its front being the segment of a circle, whose radius is 126 feet. After this, the space between the piles were filled with limestone and gravel, rammed down until it became perfectly firm and solid. Sills of not less than a foot square, and from twenty-five to thirty feet long, were then secured to each row of piles, by treenails three feet in length. The sheeting piles were secured by long nails to the port sill, and the spaces between the sills filled with blocks of limestone nicely fitted. The whole was then covered with plank six inches thick, and ten feet long, except where the counter parts are placed; there the planks are fifteen feet in length, and are secured to the bills by long nails.

"This work commenced on the 5th of October, 1816, —on the 1st of January, 1819, the first stone of the wall was laid; and by the 1st of January, 1820, no fewer than thirty-nine thousand cubic feet of stone were laid on the wall by the assistance of the diving- bell. The stones, which are of large dimensions, many of them exceeding four tons, are of a beautiful granite from the forest of Dartmoor."

This wall is to be continued in the same manner, and by a similar process, as far as the entrance of the graving slip, which is the next object of notice. This slip is constructed in all respects like the docks, except that it has no gates, and is employed for the purpose of effecting repairs on the bottoms of vessels, which can be completed in one tide.

The erections which are so frequently heard of under the name of Jetties, are platforms projecting from the harbour wall, to a greater or less distance into the water; and supported upon piles driven deep into the mud, and preserved in an upright position by joists and braces. By such expedients the largest ships are brought within floating distance of the yard, and are enabled to receive or discharge their ballast and stores, without the interposition of boats or rafts. The whole line from North-corner to the graving-slip is furnished from these jetties.

The diversity of employments, ingenuity and manual activity exhibited in the various departments of a dock-yard, present a very interesting spectacle to those not accustomed to appreciate the effects of human industry on a grand scale. Perhaps no sight is better calculated to enable a comprehensive mind to form a proper estimate of the powers of continued labour, than the gradual growth of a few rude pieces of timber into the majestic wonderful structure that encounters the winds and waves, and forms the most complete security against invasion that Britain can possess.

In times of peace, a very considerable part of the English navy are laid up in ordinary in Hamoaze, and constitute by their number and disposition, a very interesting spectacle. Ships laid up in ordinary, are stripped of all their rigging, which with the stores, guns, &c. is taken ashore: in fact, every thing is taken out of them, and the men and officers are all paid off, except the boatswain, gunner, carpenter and cook, (who always remain to take care of the ship) and six ordinary seamen. The ships are moored by large chains of iron sixty fathoms long, consisting of 120 links, and having at each end a large anchor. The chains are stretched across the harbour, and the anchors sunk in the mud. In the middle of each chain is a large iron ring and a swivel, to which are attached two thick cables, called bridles, sufficiently long to be taken on board the ship to be moored. These bridles, when not in use, are constantly sunk, a small cable being fastened to them, which is brought up to a buoy on the surface of the water, and there made fast. When wanted, the ends are easily hauled up by means of the buoy rope, and are then passed one through each of the ship’s hawse holes, and fastened on board. By the bridles being fastened to the same swivel, the ships swing easily with the tide, which runs amazingly strong, especially the ebb, with the wind at north: at these times no boat can make head against it. In Hamoaze are ninety-two of these moorings.

Among the objects highly worthy of notice in the Sound, the diving-bell ought not to he passed over. Since the construction of the sea-wall here, it has been used in removing submarine rocks, and improving the anchorage in different parts of the Sound, where its singular and interesting operations may be viewed. The present machine, which has been greatly improved by the late Mr. Rennie, is both plain and simple in its application and construction. We cannot supply a better description than that furnished by Mr. Smith, the resident engineer at this port.

"(" Observations on Diving Machines; "work replete with useful and interesting information. ) The bell is made of cast-iron, and weighs four tons, two hundred; it is six feet long, four broad, and five high; and contains one hundred and twenty cubic feet. To admit light, it has twelve convex lenses inserted in its top, each of which is eight inches in diameter; and when sunk in clear water, the light within is sufficient to enable the diver to read the smallest print, or even to perform the neatest needle-work. — in the centre of the tops is a hole for the admission of air; to this is attached a leather hose, long enough to reach any depth; the other end of it is attached to a forcing air-pump, which is worked by four men, during the time the bell remains under water; by this means, the persons in the bell are supplied with a sufficient quantity of air, to make respiration pleasant. Within the bell, directly over the pole which admits the air, is screwed a piece of stout leather, so that the air enters only through the spaces between the screws. This leather prevents the admitted air from returning through the hose; and in case the hose should burst, the water cannot enter the bell through the air-hole; the divers are therefore secured against any accident which might otherwise proceed from this cause. The bell contains a sufficient quantity of air to support the persons within it, without the assistance of the air- pump, till they can be raised from any depth.

"When the bell is overcharged with air, it escapes under its edge, and from its expansive nature, agitates the water as it ascends. This is generally, but erroneously, considered the escaping of foul air; but the respired air being lightest, ascends to the top of the bell. In consequence of the continual current of air passing through the bell from top to bottom, no unpleasant sensation can be experienced, from what is generally imagined to be foul air.

"The bell is furnished with a moveable seat at each end, and a narrow board across the lower part to rest the feet on; there are also hooks, and a small shelf for the workmen’s tools; and in the top, are two eye bolts, to secure such heavy weights as may be necessary to raise with the bell.

"There is nothing either difficult or hazardous in the use of this machine, provided care be taken that the tackles, &c. are of sufficient size and quality to support its weight; and that an attentive man is stationed to receive the signals, and to give directions to the men employed on the stage, or in the vessel, from which the bell is suspended. When it is found necessary to alter the position of the bell, the divers strike it with a hammer. There are eight signals used for the following purposes.

" One stroke to indicate that there is not a sufficient quantity of air in the bell, and that it is necessary to work the air-pump faster.

"Two strokes to annul a former signal; or to leave off doing any thing till another signal is given.

" Three strokes to raise the bell.

"Four to lower it.

" Five to move it to the right.

"Six to the left.

"Seven, backwards.

"Eight, forwards.

" Other methods are resorted to, such as the use of small buoys, &c. for making more complicated signals on subjects of less frequent occurrence.

"It should be observed, that in executing works under water with the diving-bell, the water ought to be transparent; so much so, at least, that objects lying two or three feet below the bell, may be clearly seen before the machine touches them in its descent. An artificial light, it is obvious, can be of no use in viewing objects through foul water. In cases where a candle can be applied with advantage, the object must be raised within the cavity of the bell. It is therefore essential to the executing of works, viewing ground, &c. that the water be transparent; when this is the case, a cloud passing over the sun is perceptible in deep water.

"The hours, in which the workmen are employed under water are, in the summer, from seven in the morning till twelve at noon, and from one to six in the evening. In the winter, they work as long as they can see, with the exception of an hour allowed for taking refreshment."

Mr. Smith, in his repeated descents, has frequently made observations on the effect produced on the thermometer. He states, that "on the 15th of September, 1819, the thermometer stood at 65°, in descending it rose to 70; during four hours stay under water, it stood at 69, and in ascending it varied to 68. On the 17th of the same month, it stood in the open air at 54; in descending it rose to 67; during five hours stay it stood at 66; and in ascending it varied to 67. On the 21st, in the open air, it stood at 55; in descending it rose to 69; and during five hours and a half stay, under water, it stood at 68.

"On taking down one of the best kind of barometers, the mercury was observed to rise very rapidly as soon as the bell closed with the water, and before it was wholly immersed, the mercury was pressed firmly against the top of the tube. It being then high water and spring tides, the bell descended to the depth of eight fathoms; and during the five hours the men continued at their work, the barometer underwent no visible alteration; when the bell was raised near the surface, the mercury began to subside; and when exposed to the open air, it resumed the same position as it occupied before it was placed in the bell."

These observations were made when three persons were in the bell.

Among other submarine operations in which this machine has been employed, that of surveying the bottom, for various purposes, has been frequently performed with the most successful and satisfactory results.

On the North Jetty is a landing-place, called the North-stairs, near which is a house, where pitch is kept continually boiling for the use of the caulkers, to be applied to the bottoms and seams of ships.

The double-dock, which is the first of three very near each other, for line of battle ships, is so denominated from its being sufficiently large to contain two ships at the same time, one a head of the other; but so divided by gates, that though water be let into the outer division, the inner continues perfectly dry.

The dock-gates, by which the water is kept out of the docks, form, when closed, the segment of a circle, with its convex side towards the sea. They are made of timber, very strongly put together, and are hung on each side of the mouth of the dock. As soon as a ship is taken into dock, which is always at high water, the gates are shut and locked: the water within the dock then runs out through sluices made for the purpose, till the ebb tide has ceased; the sluices are then shut, and the water which may still remain is thrown out by engines on the plan of pumps, worked by the assistance of horses. The pressure of the sea against the gates is immense, consequently, from their form, they are always kept tight together. When a ship is to be taken out of dock, the sluices are opened, and the water flows in till its height is equal, both within and without; the gates are then opened with ease, though scarcely any force could otherwise accomplish it. The ships are hove in and out by means of hawsers and capstans, and always ground in the dock on wooden blocks placed for that purpose.

The second dock, called the Union, or North Dock, is 239 feet four inches long, eighty-six feet seven inches wide, and twenty-six feet ten inches deep. This was made in the year 1762; and is faced with Portland stone, having blocks of granite to support the shores.

The New Union, or North New Dock, 259 feet nine inches long, eighty-five feet three inches wide, and twenty-seven feet eight inches deep, was made in the year 1789, and is on the same plan with the above; both these docks, and all the new part of the yard, were built by the late able architect Mr. Barlby.

The Dock-yard has been considerably extended to the south within the last ten years, where an entire new building slip and different erections have been added.

Not far from the head of the new dock is a burning place for old copper, that has been removed from ships’ bottoms at the time of repairing them. Farther northward are the plumbers’, braziers’, and armourers' shops; and the bricklayers’ and stonecutters’ yards. Behind all this side of the yard, the rock, having never been levelled, is very high and irregular: on it are a few sheds and storehouses.

The levelling so large a piece of ground as the Dockyard occupies, must have been attended with prodigious labour, particularly the gun-wharf, which is hewn out of some schistose rocks to the depth of thirty feet or more. The Gun-wharf is separated from the Dock-yard by North Corner-street; it was begun about the year 1718, and completed about 1725. The build-

ings are in general good, but very heavy, and in the Dutch style; they were projected by Sir John Vanbrugh, who was then attached to the ordnance department. The quantity of ground within the walls is four acres and three quarters, and is held on the same terms as the Dock-yard, at an annual rent. Here are two principal storehouses, of three stories high, for muskets, pistols, grape-shot, and other small stores, a number of sheds for gun-carriages, &c. and a powder magazine, with a cooperage detached; but which, since the erection of the magazines at Keyham Point, have been used for storehouses.

In times of peace, a very considerable part of the British navy are laid up in ordinary in Hamoaze, and constitute, by their number and disposition, a very interesting spectacle. This bay is about four miles in length, and, in general, about half a mile broad, with a bottom of mud; its greatest depth at high water is between eighteen and twenty fathoms. Below the Creek, which runs up to Weston-Mills, is the Powder Magazine, consisting of several limestone buildings, erected with every precaution to prevent accidents by fire or lightning.

Proceeding along the avenue a quarter of a mile, conducts to an open space between the rope-houses and the stables, and gardens belonging to the officers of the establishment. By the orders of the present commissioner, this spot, which was originally a muddy stagnant pool, has been metamorphosed into a neat parterre. By following the same route a little farther, between the stables and the gardens, we reach the flagged footpath before described.

The grand tour has now been made, and if the track were traced, the geometrician would find that the run of the harbour is nearly the periphery of a semi-ellipsis; while the long avenue would become its conjugate diameter. If we still follow this footpath, it will conduct us to the angle of the paved road, at which the route commenced, and from thence down the declivity of the hill. Descending in this direction, we have the officers’ houses above, on the left; and on the right, beneath, the mast-houses already described. To the south, the road conducts to the Mould-loft, which is a department of great interest and curiosity, as it is here that "the mighty fabric first receives its form." The several parts necessary in the construction of a ship, are here first delineated in chalk, and being subsequently formed in thin deal, they are distributed as models to the respective mechanics. From this spot we perceive beneath, the bason in which the canal terminates at the distance of 420 yards from its mouth.

On the north side of this bason, which is separated from the inner mast-pond by a broad causeway, are the boat-houses, where the boats of the fleet are prepared and kept ready for service. In front, is a paved way similar to that attached to the mast-houses, whereon the boats are drawn up out of the bason. This may be considered as a position central in the area of the grand tour, and could not have been visited at first, without losing sight of several interesting objects.

By ascending a flight of steps we shall gain the level in front of the officers’ dwelling-houses, which is a handsome row of buildings, adorned with naval trophies, and other architectural decorations. The residence of the Commissioner is in the centre, and the other houses are occupied by several principal officers of the establishment. The offices of the commissioner and the clerk of the cheque, project at right angles, at each extremity, and form wings to the main range of the buildings. A pavement and gravel-walk shaded by an avenue of lime trees, afford a delightful promenade in front; and the internal conveniences of these edifices is increased by the appendages of gardens, stables, and other commodious offices.

Many important and judicious improvements, besides those already noticed, have been very recently introduced into this yard. A plan was invented by Sir Robert Seppings, during the period in which he occupied the situation of builder’s assistant, in this arsenal, for repairing the keels of vessels with great, facility. Previously to his invention, a number of men were employed to raise a line-of-battle ship, by means of wooden wedges, driven by large sledge hammers. Instead of timber, Sir Robert has used iron wedges, and by these means, and the peculiar construction of the docks, the object is attained by the assistance of thirty men, which could not be effected, according to the old plan, by less than four hundred. Two docks which were fitted up on this plan, with wedges, &c. for each, amounted to little more than the expence of raising a ship by the former method. This consideration, although of great importance, is of less consequence than the saving of labour, which on many occasions is a very material object. This will be observed in the bustle and activity that pervades every department of the arsenal, in time of war, when the necessity for expedition, on some particular emergencies, is so imperious, that the artificers, according to the technical phrase, frequently work two for one, and sometimes three for one. On these occasions, they perform twice or thrice the accustomed quota of work in one day.

Improvements have also taken place in point of economy at this arsenal. The old copper, which is stripped from the bottoms of ships, is submitted to the action of fire, to remove the weeds, &c. the refuse resulting from this process was formerly thrown away as useless, but it having been ascertained, that valuable metallic particles were contained in the rubbish, it has been since sold at a considerable price. A salutary regulation has taken place with regard to the chips which the artificers were allowed to carry out of the yard as a perquisite. It was found that the bundles of chips frequently contained good timber, and an order was issued to discontinue this practice entirely, and to allow the shipwrights a weekly stipend in lieu of this privilege. The chips are now exposed to public sale at stated intervals, and we doubt not the adoption of this wise regulation has been the means of preventing crime, by removing the facilities for depredation which the former system afforded.

The number of persons of every class who pursue their respective avocations in the yard, is upwards of three thousand. The whole are under the control of the commissioner, to whose excellent arrangements may be imputed the great order and regularity, which cannot fail to excite the admiration of visitors.

The principal officers, residents in the yard, cannot sleep without the precincts unless by leave of the commissioner. The night-patroles, which are selected from the class of men called labourers, are under the superintendance of these officers, who discharge this duty in rotation. Two master-attendants, and a master-shipwright’s assistant, are also considered superior officers, although their residences are in the town.

The Dock-yard is constructed on ground belonging to Sir J. St. Aubyn, and the lease is nearly expired.

A newspaper is now published weekly on Thursday, under the revived title of "The Plymouth Dock Weekly Journal."

The Post Office is in George-street. A two-penny post having been lately established, in conformity to its regulations, a messenger leaves Dock at eleven in the forenoon daily, calls at Stonehouse, and proceeds to Plymouth. At three in the afternoon, a messenger starts from Plymouth, calls at Stonehouse, and proceeds thence to Dock. The letters are delivered immediately, so as to be in time for a reply by the Cornish mail. The office is shut at seven in the evening.

Dock, as before observed, is bounded on the east and north sides by a ditch and regular fortifications. Between these and the town a very considerable portion of ground is occupied by government for barracks, storehouses, &c. The grounds between these buildings and the fortifications, form the general promenade of the inhabitants. All round the lines the views are highly diversified and pleasing. The walls of the new fortifications, on the north side, are an admirable piece of workmanship. Granby and Marlborough barracks, with the magazines, naturally excite attention. At the eastern extremity is the fine parade or bastion occasioned by the angular course of the lines. In this bastion are several mortars of a large calibre.

Ascending the ramparts, In pursuing our walk to Mount Wise, the principal promenade, we first pass the neat hospital for the train of artillery on the right; and immediately after on our left, the guard-house at the barrier-gate, which serves for the assistance of the magistracy, in case of riots. Crossing the top of Forestreet, and following the course of the lines, we pass three batteries on our left, and then Ligonier-square, occupied by the engineers; Frederic-square for artillery, and Cumberland-square for infantry on our right. Here are to be seen the Military Infirmary and the offices and workshops belonging to government. Mount Wise, the next place to the barrier on the left, is a large tract of ground on the south side of the town, containing many military works. The surface is very irregular, and the soil an entire rock, covered with a layer of earth, not more than eight inches deep. It has four entrances from the town, but the principal of these is at the south end of George-street.

Upon the grand parade here, all the troops in the vicinity are reviewed on public days; and the guards parade every morning. This is a very general place of resort among young people, and is absolutely thronged on Sunday evenings. From the battery at the east end there are good views of Stonehouse, Plymouth, the Sound; and from those at the south and south-west end, a charming prospect of Mount Edgcumbe, and the lower part of the harbour.

Government House is a large plain building of three stories, with two wings of two stories, and offices detached. The front of the house towards the parade is lighted by lamps, fixed on the muzzles of large pieces of ordnance, which are placed perpendicularly in the ground. Near the chief entrance is a brass gun of great magnitude, taken from the. Turks in the memorable action of the Dardanelles. The Admiral’s House is at the north-west corner of the parade, smaller than the Government House, having only two wings joining to the centre building; but in the front of this are two batteries, one of four forty-two pounders, the other of eight guns and three mortars. Further to the westward, the ground rising to a point, is crowned by a fort, encompassed on the land side by a very small trench, and defended by a serjeant’s guard; immediately behind this is the Telegraph. On the west side is another battery, which, including those in the grounds of Government House, &c. form an almost impregnable barrier to any attempts on the safety of the town or shipping, from the sea-coast.

From the south-west corner of the parade, a short diagonal road leads to Richmond Walk, a beautiful promenade, turning at irregular angles over the rocks, along the sea-coast, near half a mile in length; having a wall about nine feet high at the back, and another of four feet in the front. The average width of the walk is fourteen feet. Every turn presents a delightful prospect to strangers.

The Admiral's Hard is a new landing-place for boats of his Majesty’s navy; to the left of this is another landing-place for the convenience of the public, and a building for the shelter of boats, &c. on the right.

Richmond sea-baths, situate on a beautiful beach opposite Mount Edgcumbe, were projected and completed by a public-spirited individual, in a most respectable style, not inferior to any in the west of England. There are hot and cold-baths, and machines, the latter generally allowed to be the largest and best contrived in England. A work so highly conducive to the pleasure and convenience of the inhabitants of the town and its vicinity, deserves every encouragement. Richmond Walk is terminated at each end by quays, &c.

Morice-town is situated on the north side of the Dock, and contains three principal streets and other buildings, mostly erected during the late war. A row of neat houses, called the new Navy Row, joins it to Stoke Village, where are several tea-houses and gardens. The Block-house stands in an elevated and commanding situation behind the village, and is capable of annoying the approach of armies from any quarter.

Proceeding through Stoke, about a mile from that village on the left, is Manadon-house, the seat of Captain Waldron of the royal navy. The house lies low, and has nothing particular in its construction; but nevertheless appears respectable from the road. From this place we proceed by a direct road, passing through Knockers Knoll, and Jump, two villages, the former of which is inhabited by very respectable persons towards Roborough Down, where we have an opportunity of viewing some of the objects on the river Tavy. Jump is about two miles distant from the road.

Roborough Down is an extensive common or waste in the western district of the county. The soil is black growan, clay, boggy or gravelly. The substrata is of schistus and marble, which succeed alternately to the sea-side at Plymouth.

The Royal Military Hospital is contiguous to Stoke Church; this consists of four noble piles of building three stories high, connected by a fine terrace, and inclosed by a lofty wall.

The Royal Hospital for sick and hurt seamen and marines, is a handsome assemblage of buildings on the north side of the road leading to Plymouth.

The Marine Barracks are of an oblong form, on the south-east part of the town, with an excellent parade, which is much resorted to in summer evenings on account of the excellent band of musicians attached to the corps. From the north end of this building is the new road to Plymouth which, though more circuitous than the usual route, is much more pleasant, as it commands on one side, views of Plymouth, Dock, Stoke, and the surrounding country, and on the other Mount Edgcumbe, the Sound, &c.

At the end of this new road is Mill Prison, for the confinement of prisoners of war. From hence three roads branch off to Plymouth.

From Dock there is a ferry over the Tamar, called the Cremill Passage, in the parish of Maker, which, though joined to a part of Cornwall, is itself in Devonshire.

When the traveller has gratified his curiosity with the Dock-yards of Plymouth, and the Breakwater, Mount Edgcumbe will be one of the next objects of attention.

The promontory of Mount Edgcumbe, running a considerable way into the sea, forms one of the cheeks of the entrance of Hamoaze harbour, which is here half a mile across. The whole promontory is four or five miles long, and three broad; in shape a perfect dorsum, high In the middle, and sloping gradually on both sides towards the sea. In some places it is rocky and abrupt. The entrance into the grounds from the landing place at Cremill Passage, is at the bottom of an avenue, terminating in a spacious lawn, irregularly bounded by fine trees, and widening gradually as it rises towards the house.

It has been observed that "many persons of real taste and curiosity, for want of a conductor to direct them in their walks round the grounds of Mount Edgcumbe, and to explain the different views, arrive at only a small portion of the place, see they know not what, and feel dissatisfied at last with having seen and known so little. ’’ To obviate every objection of this nature is the design of the following pages. Strangers and travellers desirous of seeing the place, can, by application, obtain permission on any day to walk in the park and pleasure-grounds. The flower- garden may be seen occasionally during the summer, by a particular ticket, granted only to parties not exceeding six persons. The house is never shewn.

The tour round the park may be performed in a carriage; but as walkers only are admitted at the lower lodge, strangers must, in that case, go up the public road to another entrance adjoining that at the park-gate.

The following measurement of the principal roads and walks, will enable the stranger to ascertain the length of the tour he would wish to make, and thereby direct him in his choice:

The beauties of this delightful spot are, in some measure, portrayed in the following elegant lines addressed to the late Countess of Edgcumbe on her birth-day:

Return then, beauteous noble dame,

Once more thy former homage claim;

Ev’n now the yet unfinish’d bower Solicits thy creative power:

New arches and parterres to range,

So as to form a pleasing change;

Now a gay rainbow o’er the head,

Now a rich carpet underspread.

Return, return illustrious fair,

Resume thy wonted fost’ring care;

Another Proserpine be found

Delighted on botanic ground.

But to return to the house: this stands high up on the side of the hill, and is at once picturesque and appropriate to its situation. It is a building of considerable antiquity, having been erected about the year 1550 by Sir Richard Edgcumbe, Knt. in the castellated style, battlemented, with round towers at the corners; but these being small and inconvenient, were pulled down in the middle of the last century, and rebuilt in their present octangular form. The ornaments round the doors and windows are of granite, or moor-stone, as also the flight of steps ascending to the principal front. The interior contains nothing remarkable except the-hall in the centre, which was originally Gothic, and reached up to the roof: but it has long been modernised, and is now a handsome lofty room of two stories, of different orders, with galleries supported by columns of Devonshire marble. The chimney-pieces, tables, and terms, bearing busts of Italian workmanship, copied from the antique, exhibit fine specimens of various Cornish granites. This saloon, which from its singular yet agreeable proportions, as well as from its architectural decorations, has a noble and striking effect, is occasionally used as a summer dining-room, and is also peculiarly adapted for music, for which purpose a large and excellent organ is erected in one of the galleries. The rest of the old house has no pretensions to magnificence, but the northern and eastern sides are extremely chearful and pleasant, from the variety of delightful views they command, which the towers in particular are admirably calculated for shewing to the greatest advantage. An extensive addition has been made, at different times, to the west end, containing among other convenient apartments, a large library, and a dining-room, which, from their southern aspect, are more especially suited for a winter residence. The new wing presents a handsome, though not strictly regular, elevation; but it is so concealed as not to alter the original appearance of the building, when viewed as a feature in the prospect, nor injure its general character of antiquity.

The principal, or northern side of the house can be approached only by walking up the lawn; but a road is carried along the avenue to the foot of the hill, whence bending to the right, it leads through pleasing glades, bordered with stately chesnut and other trees, to the southern, or back front: and also, leaving the house at a small distance on the left, conducts to the principal entrance of the park.

There are three entrances to the grounds; one, for pedestrians, at the bottom of the hill, at Cremill; another for carriages, about half a mile up the public road, leading to Cawsand, &c. and a third from the water, at Barnpool. The grounds are open to the public in general, on Mondays; but may be viewed on any other day by application to the steward, at the house. We are persuaded that no one can traverse Mount Edgcumbe, with a proper guide, without being highly delighted by the countless and diversified beauties which it displays.

On entering the park two roads present themselves, that to the left proceeds with an easy ascent in the midst of a fine grove, till after crossing another branch, it rises more rapidly through a wood of a wilder and more rugged character, looking down a steep declivity on the left into a beautiful valley; and on reaching the summit of the hill, suddenly breaks out on the prospect at the White Seat.

From this commanding spot the view is most extensive, and the whole circumjacent country is expanded at your feet. Hence you completely and distinctly overlook the Hamoaze, and the whole course of the river Tamar as high as the town of Saltash; the ships in the harbour; the dock-yard and town of Dock; the fortifications and Government House; the church and village of Stoke; the Military Hospital; Stonehouse, with the Naval Hospital and Marine Barracks; the citadel and churches of Plymouth; Saltram, the seat of the Earl of Morley; Catwater, with its shipping, enclosed by Mount Batten; St. Nicholas’s Island, the Sound and Statton Heights beyond it; the whole view is bounded by a range of lofty hills, among which the round top of Hingston (or Hengist) Down, the peaked-head of Brent-Tor, and the irregular summits of Dartmoor, are the most elevated and conspicuous.

At this place the gravel-walk ceases; and you enter on a grass drive, which is carried round the whole summit of the hill, and conducts straight forward to Redding Point, whence is discovered a prospect of a totally different description. An unbounded expanse of open sea here bursts upon the sight, confined only by Statton Heights and the Mew-stone on the left, and on the right by Penlee Point, under which lies Cawsand Bay, with the little town from whence it takes its name. The Breakwater, constructed for the security of ships anchoring in the Sound, appears immediately in front, and in clear weather the Eddystone light-house is visible at a great distance in the offing. A thatched seat affords here another resting place. Opposite to this, but concealed by the brow of the hill, a gate opens into the zigzag walks.

From this eastern extremity of the hill, the winds drive round the southern side in a bold and beautiful sweep, following the natural curves of the ground, and commanding, in various points of view, the prospect last described, till it reaches the western boundary of the park.

If the walker prefer returning by the northern side, he will discover, as he proceeds westward beyond the White Seat, new prospects opening on his view, of the several rivers and estuaries branching out of the Hamoaze, of the village of Millbrook, and of a great extent of well cultivated country. Part of Whitsand Bay is discernible over the narrow isthmus that connects the peninsula of Mount Edgcumbe with Cornwall, and the long range of elevated coast, which forms its further boundary, is distinctly seen. At the upper park-gate, just outside the enclosure, stands the parish church of Maker, of which the high tower is a conspicuous object for many miles round, and is used (in time of war), as a signal-house for giving notice of

king’s ships coming to the port, or passing along the channel.

Both ends of the grass drive terminate in a gravel-road, which, having ascended the hill by a shorter cut, traverses the park at its western extremity.

Turning along this to the left hand towards the southern side, you are conducted, by a gentle descent, with Cawsand Bay in front, the town of that name, the surrounding hills, and the redoubts on Maker heights opening on the view as you advance, round a winding valley called Hoe-Lake, wild and finely shaped, with a cottage under a tuft of trees at the bottom, which adds to its picturesque effect.

Being arrived about half way down the hill, a short turn to the left leads to the entrance of the Great Terrace; and the road proceeds on a perfect level through plantations of fir and other trees, with the sea at a great depth below on the right, till another sharp turn discovers Pickle Combe.

This little valley is so regularly scooped out by Nature, as almost to bear the appearance of art. Its sides above the road are planted with various trees; the lower part thickly overspread with heath, and other wild plants: down the centre runs a grass walk. At the upper end stands a picturesque building overgrown with ivy, composed of old moor-stone arches, niches, and pinnacles, to represent a ruined chapel. From the seat in it you look down this singularly formed vale, beyond the opening of which no object whatever appears but a wide expanse of sea.

Leaving this most solitary spot, the terrace leads round the other side of the valley, and at the next comer we are in the midst of a plantation of the finest flowering shrubs; the arbutus, the laurustinus, the Portugal laurel, and other evergreens, growing with the greatest luxuriance to an uncommon size, and covering the whole of the abrupt cliff as far down as the soil allows of vegetation, the sea dashing against the rocks below. Not a deciduous plant appears, and this singular spot, protected from every cold blast, and fully open to the south, retains its charms equally through every season of the year. The road continues winding amidst this romantic shrubbery, offering fresh beauties at every turn, till you arrive at the Arch, where a stone seat placed at the edge of an almost perpendicular precipice, commands a fine view over the Sound immediately at your feet, with the open sea to the right; St. Nicholas’s Island, Plymouth, &c. to the left. At this place are the principal ascent and descent to the Zigzag Walks, which are cut in the side of the hill both above and below the Terrace, extending upwards to Redding Point, where they enter the park, and downwards as low as the cliff is practicable. By the lower Zigzags you may return to the bottom of Pickle Combe, from whence they are again continued as far as Hoe-Lake. From the number and intricacy of these walks, it is not possible to describe them accurately, or give directions what paths to pursue; but every part of them is extremely beautiful, and almost every turn discovers some fresh view, from the variety of the rocks which form the coast, and from the different partial peeps caught through the trees and shrubs. The further part of them, beyond Pickle Combe, is more open, and of a wilder character than those on the nearer side of that valley, and command the best view of Cawsand Bay, as also of the whole southern side of the hill. The new, or Upper Zigzags, are, if possible, still more beautiful than the lower; the cliff in parts being more abrupt, the shrubs more luxuriant, and the views, from the height whence they are seen, more magnificent and commanding. At the very summit, a bench, placed on a prominent point of rock, overlooks the whole side of the almost perpendicular precipice, clothed with its rich covering of arbutus and other evergreens, which seem to dip their luxuriant branches into the boundless expanse of sea extended beneath. No point, perhaps, is so bold and truly grand as this, but the ascent to it, especially on one side, is rather steep and tremendous. These upper walks are divided into three principal branches, one already noticed, a second ascending from the other side of the Arch by stairs in the rock, and a third joining the Terrace at the corner of Pickle Combe. Notwithstanding the steepness of the cliff, the whole of the Zigzag Walks are so conducted as to be perfectly safe and easy, and numberless benches afford opportunities of rest to the walker disposed to explore and enjoy their infinite variety of beauties. There are also covered seats interspersed among them, all in character with the surrounding scenery.

Having regained the Terrace, we pass under the Arch (a building constructed so as to appear like a perforation of the natural rock, which seems here to bar the passage), and soon quitting this inclosed part, enter a thick and deep wood, which totally excludes all view, and affords a pleasing rest to the eye, after the glare of the brilliant scenes it has been so long Contemplating. From this shade you again unexpectedly burst forth on the rich prospect at a prominent point of the park, on which stands the Ruin, representing the imperfect remains of a tower with a large Gothic window. The objects which here present themselves are the same that were seen from the first station at the White Seat, with the addition of the Mew-Stone, and a considerable extent of sea. But the prospect now opens gradually as you wind round the point, and varies in appearance from being brought nearer to the eye, and viewed from a lower level. It is worth while to go up to a platform on the building (which is ascended by an easy stair), from whence a delightful panorama is discovered. On the one hand the wood you have just passed through, on the other the beautiful wooded valley first noticed, are from hence completely overlooked, and with their rich variety of foliage form a charming foreground to the distant picture presented on three sides, whilst the view on the fourth is finely bounded by the boldly rising hill, and wild scenery of the park.

From this point the terrace proceeds into the wood, and making the circuit of the head of the valley, joins the road by which we first ascended the hill, and conducts back to the house.

The third branch connects the two principal roads that ascend the hill; and also leads to a private gate of the park, from whence it passes into an extensive drive through other woods, and round the farm-grounds. But if the walker chooses to pursue it, he may go down to the gate by the other road through a fine piece of ground, hitherto little seen, which commands extensive and varied prospects, though of a less bold and romantic character than those he has left. From a walk round the lower part of this quarter of the park, is obtained the nearest and best view of Hamoaze, which here presents a wide and finely shaped piece of water, at once beautiful and interesting from the large portion of the British navy securely moored within its spacious haven: hence too the dock-yard is completely overlooked, with the village of Torpoint on the opposite side of the river. More westward, Millbrook, at the head of its winding estuary, forms a pleasing little picture, confined towards the south by the hill, clothed with a long range of wood, not seen from any other point, and connected with the plantations of the park. Returning towards the house, its pinnacles are seen rising in a picturesque manner above the trees, and the various distant objects open on the sight, as you wind round a beautifully shaped knoll.

To go from the Zigzags, the walkers, instead of re-ascending to the Great Terrace from the Zigzags, will take a path cut round the perpendicular cliff under the Arch (which, though so tremendous in appearance as to be called the Horrors, is yet sufficiently wide to be perfectly safe), and enter the open park below the wood through which the drive is carried. This walk, commanding in all its extent a very fine view of the Sound and surrounding objects, to which this wild part of the park is a beautiful foreground, leads to the Cottage, a neat thatched building placed at the foot of the wood, and overhung by some beautiful ever-

green oaks. In it there is a room for resting, the windows of which look out on pleasing views, the one of the Mew-Stone, the other of the Island. Passing from hence under the Ruin before-mentioned, which has here a good effect, the walk soon approaches the cliff, and proceeds through plantations on its edge, with some steep ascents and descents, catching peeps at various parts of the prospects, and looking down on some fine coves and picturesque points of rock, till it enters the home grounds, and joins the walks, to the description of which we now proceed.

In the pleasure-grounds, the first striking object is the Shrubbery, situated on the eminence immediately behind the house, and connected with its southern front. It lies on a gentle declivity, and the walk round it affords a pleasing variety, from the easy swell and constant inequality of the ground; for some space too it commands a fine prospect. Towards the further end of the garden, whence all view is excluded, stands a bower, with an arcade of trellis advancing over the walk, covered with creeping plants, which forms an agreeable shady retreat; and in a still more retired part is a semi-circular covered seat, faced and lined with petrifactions and spars from rocks in the neighbourhood, intermixed with shells and various fossils, chiefly the produce of Cornwall. The arbutus and other shrubs grow here with remarkable luxuriance, and the ground is also ornamented with several fine cedars of Libanus. This small, but pleasing feature of the place, is rarely shewn to strangers.

Commencing the tour round the lower grounds at the eastern end of the house, you first enter on a wide gravel-walk, called the Home Terrace, which bounds the upper side of the lawn, and overlooking the venerable groves below it, commands a delightful prospect of the Harbour, Sound, and surrounding country. From thence suddenly turning to the right, you proceed round the valley before alluded to, which, from its shape, is distinguished by the name of the Amphitheatre.

Having, by a gentle rise through a thick wood of the finest trees, reached the centre of the valley, the walk descends as gradually round the other side, to a rustic thatched seat, built of unhewn trees, and lined with moss, from which you look into the deep bosom of the vale, catching also a glimpse of the water through the trees, and of some of the buildings on the opposite shore. Here the walk makes a sudden turn, descending in a contrary direction to recross the valley, and soon after it divides into two branches: the one proceeding forward in a regular sweep round the wood to the opposite side, conducts back to the great lawn in front of the house; the other, returning again on the same side, carries you down to the lower end of the valley (where it is joined by the walk from the cottage by the cliffs), and when arrived at the water’s edge, crosses the bottom of this noble Amphitheatre, which from hence is seen to the greatest advantage. The lawn, which occupies the bottom of the valley, rising in a regular curve and beautiful swell all round, loses itself by degrees in the semi-circle of wood, which towers above to a great height, affording every variety of form and foliage, from the number of forest and exotic trees of all descriptions, in which it abounds. On the left hand, at a small distance from the walk, stands the Temple of Milton, an Ionic rotunda, half closed, and supported in front by four open columns. Within it are the following lines from his Paradise Lost, exactly descriptive of the spot:

"Over head up grew Insuperable height of loftiest shade,

Cedar, and fir, and pine, and branching palm,

A sylvan scene; and as the ranks ascend Shade above shade, a woody theatre Of stateliest view. "

This place also gave birth to the following Address to Milton:

Due to thy verse beyond all praise,

Thy zealous votary,

Great Bard! this dome presumes to raise,

And dedicates to thee;

But not as if thy vot’ry thought

A pyramid in size,

Were it of Parian marble wrought,

Could thee immortalize.

Yet yonders mountain scenery,

By Nature’s hand design’d,

Gives to the rapt spectator’s eye,

An image of thy mind.

For sure the self-same plastic power

That rear’d the mountain’s site,

Bade thine aspiring genius tow’r

To Empyrean height.

From the association of this spot the traveller of taste will also enter into the feelings which dictated the following stanzas:

And well, O Milton! is thy honoured bust,

Placed the deep twilight of these shades among; For though far off repose the Poet’s dust,

Here lingers still the spirit of his song;

And oft at Eve these high arcades along To Fancy’s dreaming eye his form will glide,

While ev’n the depth of stillness finds a tongue;

And sounds unearthly float upon the tide,

Or in faint murmurs die along the dark hill side.

The external prospect forms a beautiful scene from every part of this theatre, presenting Barnpool closed in on all sides by the irregular coast which surrounds it, with its various promontories and inlets, offering thus the appearance of a large lake, whilst numerous vessels constantly in motion, give life and variety to this charming picture. Amongst the fine trees which adorn this valley, several tulip trees, Oriental and Occidental planes of a remarkable size, a large cedar of Libanus, and a Carolina poplar of extraordinary height, ought particularly to be noticed.

The Amphitheatre may also be seen to great advantage another way. A walk descending across the lawn from the Home Terrace, leads into the Beech-walk, a beautiful winding avenue, from which you look down on the left through an open grove of fine oak, beech, and other trees, on Barnpool and its surrounding scenery, partially caught in numerous delightful peeps, forming as many different little pictures. At the end of this walk (from whence a short communication leads on the left to the lower grounds), winding to the right, on the same level, you enter an avenue of horse chesnut trees, which soon brings you to the valley; and proceeding round it under another arch of lofty beeches, join the walk before described, taking only the lower circle. Or, to take a still shorter way, you may descend immediately from the end of the Beech-walk to the bottom of the valley.

On leaving this fine feature of the place, the walk proceeds through the wood in a gradual sweep on the edge of the cliff, which forms a succession of coves overhung with the finest old trees, whose boughs almost touch the water, to another lawn at the private landing-place in Barnpool: and shortly after, to an iron railing and gate, the entrance into the garden, which without a particular conductor, the stranger cannot enter, but must go round to another.

The first object that here strikes the eye, and to which the walk immediately conducts you, is the Block-house, standing on the point of land which forms one side of the narrowest part of the entrance into the Harbour. It was built, with two or three others, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, for the defence of the port, and is now a picturesque ruin, covered with ivy. Against one of its sides, a plain portico of two moor- stone columns has been erected for a seat, and in front of it is a saluting battery of twenty-one guns. A tablet in the wall gives the following description from "Carew’s Survey of Cornwall, A. D. 1602: "

"Both sides of the narrow entrance are fenced with Block-houses, and that next Mount Edgcumbe was wont to be planted with ordnance, which at coming and parting, with their base voices greeted such guests as visited the house."

The other Block-house here spoken of, is still stand-

ing on the opposite rocks; a modern redoubt has been erected on the hill above it. The battery was restored in 1747, but was again entirely remounted in 1800, with French eight-pounders, all purchased from prizes. The view from this spot is most delightful, comprehending all Barnpool, and the Sound, the Island, Mount Batten, and Mew-stone, with the open sea beyond. Hence, too, a large portion of the hill, and woods of the place itself, are seen to the greatest advantage, with the towers of the house rising above the trees in which it appears embosomed. No single view, perhaps, exhibits so much variety as this, and from the continual passing of vessels of all descriptions, from the first-rate man-of-war to the smallest boat, none is so animated and interesting.

Before we pursue further the walk leading onwards from the Point, we must make a digression to the interior parts of the garden, to which you are conducted by a walk leading to the upper side of the lawn, where a terrace runs along by the edge of the shrubbery: at the further end of this, a walk turns into the plantation, from which, very soon after, a narrow and almost hidden path, on the right hand, winds down into a small quarry or excavation, thickly overshadowed with high evergreens, and overspread with ivy and other low plants, through which the natural rock of the soil peeps out on all sides: in this little obscure recess are placed a number of antique cinerary urns and sarcophagi disposed irregularly about the ground, and on the various points of rock, exhibiting the appearance of a Roman cemetery. At the further end, amidst a confused heap of stones, lies a fine capital of the Corinthian order, brought from the ruins of Alexandria. The whole effect is whimsical, and the deepness of the shade makes this place a most refreshing retreat in hot weather.

The walk which you left, and to which you must return, then conducts you into the English Flower Garden, an irregular piece of ground, of considerable extent, laid out in beds of shrubs and flowers, and traversed by gravel-walks, so disposed as to conceal its boundaries, and occasionally to open agreeable vistas, displaying to the best advantage the many beautiful trees that adorn it: amongst which some extraordinary fine magnolias, of unusual size, cedars both of Libanus and Virginia, and several cork-trees, ought particularly to be remarked. A bench presents the following lines from Cowper:

"Prospects, however lovely, may be seen Till half their beauties fade; the wearied eye Too well acquainted with their charms, slides off Fastidious, seeking less familiar scenes.

Then snug enclosures in some shelter’d spot,

Where frequent hedges intercept the eye,

Delight us, happy to renounce awhile,

Not senseless of its charms, what still we love,

That such short absence may endear it more."

This garden is further decorated by a handsome pavilion, containing a sitting-room, a dressing-room, and a bath, where hot and cold water are poured from the mouths of two bronze dolphins, into a capacious marble bason.

Adjoining to this is the French Flower-garden, a little square enclosure, bounded by a high-cut hedge of evergreen oak and bay, and laid out in a parterre, with a bason and jet d'eau in the midst, surrounded by berceaux and arches of trellis twined over by all sorts of Creeping plants. One side of the garden is occupied by an octagon room very prettily furnished, and opening on each side into conservatories. A picture at the back of the room, being removed, discovers a beautiful little statue of Meleager, behind which, a glass is so placed, as to reflect all the garden, and create, from a little distance, a pleasing illusion. This figure is answered by another of Mercury, placed opposite to it, outside the enclosure, and only seen in perspective under the arches. In the border, on one side, a singularly fine magnolia should be remarked: opposite to it, on the other, is erected an urn, bearing on a tablet the name, Sophia, Countess of Mount Edgcumbe, who died in 1806, on the pedestal of which is the following inscription:

To the Memory of Her,

Whose taste embellished,

Whose presence added charms To these retreats,

(Herself their brightest ornament),

This Urn is erected In the spot she loved.

From this little retired spot, a narrow walk carries you back to the Block-house lawn, passing by a small grove of fine cypresses, (in which there is a handsome monument), and suddenly breaking out again on the beautiful prospect before described.

Proceeding now from the battery round the point, you come to Thomson’s Seat, a Doric alcove, so called from the lines quoted below from his Autumn, which are written in it, as strictly applicable to the view it commands, consisting of the Harbour and passage-way, Stonehouse, Government-house, the fortifications on Mount Wise, and the Dock-yard, particularly that part of it where are the slips for building the largest ships of war:

"On either hand,

Like a long wint’ry forest, groves of masts Shot up their spires; the bellying sheet between Possess’d the breezy void: the sooty hulk Steer’d sluggish on: the splendid barge along Row’d, regular, to harmony: around,

The boat, light skimming, stretch’d its oary wings, While deep the various voice of fervent toil From bank to bank encreas’d; whence ribb’d with oak, To bear the British thunder, black and bold,

The roaring vessel rush’d into the main."

At the end of the lawn before this seat, you enter the Italian-garden, or Orangery. This plot of ground is encircled by a fine bank of arbutus, laurustinus,

and other evergreens, and disposed in a regular manner with gravel walks, all meeting in the centre, at a bason of water, in the midst of which is a beautiful marble fountain. Four Cariatides, representing mermaids, standing on a square pedestal, support on their heads a large bason, through which the water rises to some height, and falling into it again, descends from thence in a shower on every side. The orange trees, many of which are among the finest in England, are very numerous, and in summer are ranged along the sides of the walks, forming avenues in every direction. The house which shelters them in winter, is a noble building of the Doric order, a hundred feet in length, and of proportionable width and height. On the opposite side of the garden is a terrace, ascended by steps, and diagonal slopes: the walls are inlaid with tablets and pannels of marble, and surmounted by a balustrade, on the top of which stands the Apollo of the Belvidere, between the Venus of Medici and Bacchus. Statues of Flora, Ceres, the Discobolus, and Antinous, decorate the lower ground. In a niche under the central figure, is placed a bust of Ariosto, and beneath it are inscribed the following translation from that poet:

"Near to the shore, from whence with soft ascent Rises the pleasant hill, there is a place,

With many an orange, cedar, myrtle, bay,

And ev’ry shrub of grateful scent adorn’d.

The rose, the lily, crocus, serpolet,

Such sweets diffuse from th’ odoriferous ground,

That from the land each gently breathing gale

Wafts forth the balmy fragrance to the sea. "

The following stanzas to the Italian garden, were written by the Rev. Sir Robert Hughes, Bart.

In yonder beauteous mimic form,

Touch’d by her magic wand,

Could real animation warm At Fancy’s sole command:

Could matter be with sense endued,

Spirit below remain,

And Ariosto thus renewed,

In marble breathe again—

How charm’d the quicken’d man would be!

How would this citron grove Remind him of his Italy,

And prompt to tales of love!

Recorded in th’ historic page Egeria’s sombre grot,

Not more appropriate to the sage,

Than to the bard this spot.

If the weather be favourable, as the tourist advances towards the summit of the promontory of Mount Edgcumbe, he will see on one side, all the intricacies and creeks which form the harbour at Plymouth, with an extensive country spreading beyond it. The other side of the promontory overlooks the Sound, the great rendezvous of the Navy in war time. One of the boundaries of this extensive bay, is a neck of land running out into pointed rocks; the other is a lofty smooth promontory, called the Ram’s Head. Upon the summit of this is a tower, from which notice is given at Plymouth, by signals, of the number and quality of ships that appear in the offing. The view from the higher grounds of Mount Edgcumbe are of the grandest description, especially the appearance of the Eddystone Light-house by night.

On the highest eminence of Mount Edgcumbe, stands Maker Church, a plain building, containing nothing worthy of note but the monument of the Edgcumbe family; but its lofty tower has long been known as a fit station for the display of signals relative to ships in the Channel. If the curious stranger be desirous of taking one of the most extensive views that the eye can possibly reach, we recommend him to ascend the tower, which he may be allowed to do by a small gratuity to one of the attendants, by the assistance of whose telescope he will view such an interesting and extensive assemblage of objects, as will not fail to excite his admiration, and gratify his taste.

On these heights are batteries, and a detachment of soldiers. On the south side of Maker, is Cawsand Bay; a convenient haven, with a depth of water sufficient for the largest ships. The two villages of Caw'-sand and Kingsand stretch round the very steep hills at the head of the bay, but contain nothing worth mentioning. The sea-mark, in form of a tower, on Penlee Point, has a picturesque appearance: on this promontory is the village and church of Rhame.

It has been appositely remarked, as less wonderful, that Mount Edgcumbe should awaken poetic ideas, than that visitors should leave this enchanting domain without participating in the feelings which inspired the following lines:

" Farewell, Mount Edgcumbe, all thy calm retreats,

Thy lovely prospects, and thy mossy seats!

Farewell the coolness of thy dark deep woods!

Farewell the grandeur of thy circling floods!

Where’er futurity may lead the way,

Where in this vale of life I chance to stray,

Imagination to thy scenes shall turn,

Dwell on thy charms, and for thy beauties burn. "

As the drivers of carriages are subject to a double toll on Sundays, an additional sixpence to the ordinary fares is allowed for every time such double toll is actually paid.

Drivers of carriages shall go from the stand, either in Plymouth or Dock, to any part of Stonehouse, (provided the distance does not exceed the southern end of Durnford-street), to take up a fare, for which he shall be allowed sixpence, in addition to the ordinary fare.

Every driver shall allow ten minutes, to take up any person or persons by whom he may be hired; but if detained longer, he shall be allowed sixpence for every quarter of an hour that he may wait.

Every driver shall, if required, wait, to take back any fare he may have carried to any place, for any space of time not exceeding six hours.

Drivers are subject to these regulations by night as well as by day, without any additional expence.

From the Rhame Head, and other high hills in the neighbourhood, good views may be obtained of the Eddystone Light-house.

This stands on a rock, or rather a collection of rocks, at the entrance of Plymouth Sound, about nine miles from the land, covered at high water; but at low water bare; situated about twelve miles and a half from the middle of the Sound. The many fatal accidents which have happened from ships running upon these dreadful rocks, either in the night, at high water, or in bad weather, peremptorily urged the necessity of erecting a light-house on the spot; and accordingly, in 1696, one was undertaken to be built by Mr. Wynstanley, who with great art and expedition completed the work. In a dreadful tempest, however, in November 1703, this light-house was blown down, and the ingenious builder, with several other persons that were in it, perished. Another was immediately erected, which, in December 1755, took fire, and was destroyed. The present building was constructed by Mr. Smeaton, in 1774. It consists of four rooms, one over another, and at the top a gallery and a lantern. The stone floors are flat above, but concave beneath, and are kept from pressing against the sides of the building by a chain let into the walls. Portland stone and granite are united together by a strong cement, and let into horizontal steps by dove-tails on the south-west. The foundation is one entire mass of stones, to the height of 35 feet, engrafted into each other, and united by every means of additional strength. The whole building is about 80 feet high.

Regarding Eddystone Lighthouse, though every precaution was taken to secure the second light-house against the two elements of wind and water, which had destroyed the first, it fell by a third. In 1755, it was observed from the shore to be on fire; but it happened fortunately that Admiral West- rode was with a fleet at that time in the Sound, and being so near the spot, and perceiving the danger of the unfortunate inmates, contrived with much difficulty to take them off the rocks, where they had crept for safety from the flames. One of the poor fellows, when using his best endeavours to save the building, had a quantity of melted lead down his throat, and died in twelve days after, when the lead found in his stomach weighed seven ounces.

The door of this ingenious piece of architecture is only the size of a ship’s gun-port, and the windows are mere loop-holes, denying light, to exclude wind. When the tide swells above the foundation of the building, the light-house makes the odd appearance of a structure emerging from the waves. But sometimes a wave rises above the very top of it, and circling round the whole, looks like a column of water, till it breaks into foam, and subsides.

Four men have the charge of this important beacon, and are relieved by turns every six weeks, two by two; they are supplied with salted provisions as if for a voyage, as very frequently a boat cannot approach for a long period, owing to the roughness of the weather.

Next to the light-house, the noble Breakwater, now nearly finished, will be highly instrumental in making Plymouth Sound itself a basin, compared with its former dangerous situation. Here the weather-beaten ships of any size, may run and venture to bring up, even with a last anchor.

The writer of this, in a gale from south south-west right in, in the month of October 1815, had the pleasure of witnessing the desirable effect produced by the new Breakwater, when ships, to use a sea phrase, which would formerly have "been riding bows under," were rising gently on the swelling billow, and all with safety and comfort rode out the gale.

The singularly delightful views which burst on the sight in a fine morning on opening Plymouth Sound, are so varied, picturesque, and beautiful, as to strike with surprise every mind capable of reflection.Stolen from Fore-bears

They pass that lovely mount, O Edgcumbe, thine! Whose varied charms in rich profusion shine, Gladdening the eye, where Nature leagues with art, Unrivall'd scenes of beauty to impart.

An elegant pier and a light-house will be erected on the solid and imperishable base of the massive stones laid for this purpose, and the whole will probably remain a lasting memorial, worthy of the nation and the age.

The occasion of this stupendous national work originated in a frequent observation made by the late Lord Howe, "that this bay would one day be the grave of the British Navy, from its exposed situation." From this, and the consideration that Plymouth possessed advantages superior to any port on the southwest coast of England for assembling or equipping a fleet, or watching the French marine at Brest, it was determined to make Plymouth Sound, at whatever expence it might involve, a safe road-stead for forty ships of war, at least. At the suggestion of Lord St. Vincent, in 1806, the most eminent engineers were employed to ascertain the possibility of carrying this plan into effect. Nothing however was done till Mr. Yorke presided at the Board of Admiralty, when various plans were proposed for sheltering the Sound. One was, to throw a pier from Staddon Point to the Panther Rock, of 2600 yards in length; another, to construct a pier from Andurn Point to the Panther, of 2900 yards; and a third, to carry a pier from the same point to the Shovel Rock, being only 900 yards. Objections were urged against throwing out piers from any of these points, as they might change the current, and create new depositions of mud and channel, and make the harbour unfit for large ships.

On these considerations, Messrs. Rennie and Whidby proposed that an insulated pier, or Breakwater, should be thrown across the middle of the entrance into the Sound, having its eastern extremity about sixty fathoms to the eastward of St. Carlo’s Rock, and its western end about 300 fathoms west of the Shovel, the whole length being 1700 yards, or nearly a mile. They proposed the middle part of the Breakwater to be carried in a straight line for the length of 1000 yards, with a bend at each end towards the entrance of the harbour, with a view of allowing the great flow of water inwards, to pass with less violence, as well as create a kind of circle, within which the ships might lie with greater safety.

The plan recommended and adopted for the construction of the work, was to heap together promiscuously large blocks of stones, which were to be sunk in the line of the intended Breakwater, leaving them to find their own basis and take their own position. Stones weighing a ton and a half each, were deemed sufficiently large to keep their places against the prodigious swell to which they were to be constantly exposed. Where the water is from five fathoms, or thirty feet deep, the base of the Breakwater is seventy yards broad, at the summit ten yards, and a height of ten feet above the low water of an ordinary spring tide: thus the dimensions of the Breakwater, in these parts, are 210 feet wide at the foundation, 30 feet across the top, and 40 feet in height from the bottom.

The different kinds of machinery employed in this stupendous work, are worth the attention of the tourist; he will find much gratification on inspecting the various applications of skill and labour in forming this immense rocky mass, to resist one of Nature’s most powerful elements.

The Breakwater was begun in 1812, under the direction of Mr. Joseph Whidby. The whole is expected to be finished about the end of 1825. It is situated seaward from the Citadel of Plymouth, 180 fathoms, with a good channel to sea, at either end, for the largest ships at any time of tide; and when completed, as before observed, will make a good harbour for forty sail of the line, besides many smaller ships. The average depth of water on the line where the Breakwater is placed, is 36 feet at low-water spring-tides: it has a slope to seawards of 22° from the horizontal line, and one of 33° towards the land.

On the east side of the bay, at Staddon Point, another pier is building, for the purpose of watering ships of war; and at a small distance inland, is a reservoir, containing 12,000 tons of water, which is occasionally carried in pipes to the pier, and thence conveyed to ships at anchor in the Sound.

To visit the Breakwater, it is necessary to proceed to the Barbican Pier, where a boat may be hired to the Breakwater for two shillings; and if the voyage he extended to Bovey Sand, the usual additional price will be one shilling. With a favourable wind and tide, after a voyage of about three miles, we may disembark at the landing-place constructed near the centre of the Breakwater, and projecting in a northerly direction.

No stranger can visit this stupendous work, with out being impressed with feelings of admiration at the boldness of the plan, and the felicity of its execution. In defiance of natural obstacles of the most formidable character, we behold this mighty bulwark rising above the waters, and successfully breasting the waves of the Atlantic. When we thus see an immense ridge, apparently as firm as if planted by the hand of Nature, and its duration and stability marked by the marine plants that covers its sides, we are furnished with an example of human daring, greater than any that could have called forth the exclamation of the Roman satirist.

Near the reservoir, is the residence of the superintendent of the Breakwater establishment. It is a modern house, delightfully situated on a pleasant lawn, sheltered by the surrounding hills, and commanding a full view of the Breakwater, the Sound, Cawsand Bay, and the opposite shore.

The inns, libraries, &c. at Plymouth are numerous. In Old Town is the stand for the carriages, commonly called Dillies, which run between Plymouth and Dock, and which are occasionally hired as post-chaises for short journies.

Bathing-machines are kept on the beach at Sandy-cove, Mill-bay, and at Catdown, for public accommodation. The vigour and comfort resulting from the salubrious practice of bathing, cause them to be much frequented during the season, which commences on the first of May, and continues till the end of October. This is also applicable to the bathing-machines at Dock.

The commercial speculations of Plymouth are not commensurate with the extent and population of the port; but, as it has been before observed, the establishment of a chamber of commerce has been productive of increased ardour in different branches of trade, and we trust it will extend its beneficial influence. Ships have been fitted out for the South-Sea Whale Fishery, and the attention of speculators has been directed to the home fisheries, which were much neglected in time of war. Pilchards, which in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. formed the principal trade of Plymouth, have again been exported in large quantities; and, although the scarcity of fish during the last three years, has operated as a discouragement to many, yet we may hope, that succeeding abundant seasons will indemnify the speculators for past losses; and that this important branch of commerce will continue to receive the attention it deserves.

The principal manufactories are Messrs. Gill and Co. ’s soap manufactory at Mill-bay; Mr. Welsford’s in Drake’s-place, and Messrs. Hammett, Prance and Co. 's Old Town-without, for the manufacture of sailcloth; Messrs. Suttill and Co. for lines, twine, and thread, in Mill-street; Messrs. Mare’s iron foundry, George’s-lane; and the manufactory of coarse earthenware, at Coxside.

We have noticed the rapid improvements that have taken place in the arts of architecture and painting, within a few years at Plymouth. Sculpture, as may be expected, does not rise above the usual level to which it generally attains in provincial towns. Music, though much cultivated as a private amusement, enjoys a small portion of public patronage, the receipts of concerts seldom producing sufficient to remunerate the professors. A Philharmonic Society has lately been established by a number of gentlemen, whose meetings are held at stated periods in the hall of the Athenaeum.

Besides a number of vessels in the coasting and coal trades at Dock, there are ships belonging to the principal merchants, employed in trading to the Mediterranean, North America, &c. Mutton Cove and North Corner are the only public quays, where these traders take in, and discharge their cargoes. Here porters, draymen, and carmen, resort for employment, which they chiefly derive from the carriage of coals landed at the quays. Watermen ply here in great numbers, particularly in time of war, when their wherries are in constant requisition to convey persons to the ships of war, Millbrook, &c. The ferry, which was originally established between Cremill or Crimhill point and Mount Edgcumbe, continues to retain the appellation of Crimhill ferry, although the boats have been long since removed to Mutton Cove. A boat for the conveyance of vehicles and horses, and two boats for foot-passengers, are employed at this ferry; and, although frequent complaints are made of inattention on the part of the ferrymen, passengers cannot remedy this inconvenience by hiring what is called a shore-boat, without being obliged to submit to the impost of paying the fares of the ferry, in addition to the remuneration given to the waterman.

There are many other objects in this neighbourhood which may afford some pleasure in the survey. The first is Whitsand Bay, a very large, but shoal inlet, the bottom of which is a fine sand. Sharrow Grot, which is on its beach, is a cave hewn out of a rock by the proper manual exertions of a gentleman of the name of Lugger, which toil was richly repaid by its curing him of th£ gout; decidedly proving the superiority of labour, in this disease, over medicine. There is a table and stone seats in the grot, and several observations in verse on its sides.

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PLYMOUTH, one of the largest maritime towns in England, is beautifully situated in a valley at the mouth of the river Plym, from which it derives its name, and on the shore of a capacious bay in the estuary of the Plym and Tamar, known as Plymouth Sound, which is protected by the great breakwater. The town is distant from London by road, 216 miles; by London and South Western railway, 230 miles; by Great Western railway, 246 ¾; 44 south-west from Exeter, 74 ½ south from Barnstaple, 83 ½ south from Bideford, 52 south-west from Crediton, 15 ½ south from Tavistock, 37 south-west from Teignmouth, 80 from Penzance, 54 from Truro, 129 from Bristol, 186 from Manchester, 197 from Liverpool and 141 from Bath.

Plymouth is a county, municipal and parliamentary borough, and in 1896 the municipal boundaries were extended so as to make them conterminous with the parliamentary boundaries.

Municipal Control.-There were mayors (praepositi) here as early as 1298, but the town was not regularly incorporated till 1439—40, the effect of the Act of Parliament being to free the town from its dependence on the priory of Plympton, and it thereupon assumed the name of “the Kinge’s towne of Plymothe.” Under the Municipal Reform Act of 1835 the Corporation was re-modelled, and again in 1896, when Compton Gifford was incorporated, and now consists of a mayor, 14 aldermen, 42 councillors, a recorder, town clerk, chamberlain and other officers. The borough is divided for municipal purposes into 14 wards, viz.-Charles, Compton, Drakes, Frankfort, Friary, Greenbank, Hoe, Laira, Millbay, Mutley, St. Andrew’s, St. Peter’s, Sutton and Vintry. The Corporation has the sole control of the police and of the endowed Grammar School. Under the provisions of the “Local Government Act, 1888,” Plymouth has been constituted a county of itself, the Corporation acting as the County Council for certain purposes defined by the Act. The borough has a commission of the peace and a separate court of quarter sessions.

The care of the streets and lighting, paving and sewering was formerly vested in commissioners empowered by an Act of Parliament of the 5th of Gaorge IV. but the functions discharged by them were superseded by the application to the borough of the Public Health Acts of 1848 and 1875, 11 and 12 Vict. c. 63, and 38 and 39 Vict, c. 55, and by the Local Government Act, 1858 (21 and 22 Vict. c. 98), confirmed as regards Plymouth by 24 and 25 Vict. c. 128, 26 and 27 Vict. c. 64, and 28 and 29 Vict. c. 108; under these Acts the town council is constituted the Urban Sanitary Authority, with a clerk, a surveyor and other officers, and great improvements have been effected. The borough is supplied with water from Dartmoor and originally brought into the town by Sir Francis Drake. Electric trams were introduced in 1901, and serve the districts of Compton Gifford and Prince Rock.

The town, under the name of Sutton, sent members to Parliament in the reign of Edward I.; but there was an intermission from the reign of Edward II. to that of Henry VI.; it now sends two members to Parliament.

History.-Plymouth, which formerly belonged to the priory of Plympton, is in Domesday called “Sutton” (i.e. the South Town), and was subsequently divided into Sutton Prior, part of the hamlet of Sutton Valletort, and the tithing of Sutton Ralph; but it had been occasionally called Plymouth as early as the year 1383, although this name did not supplant the older one till about 1439; Leland, who had the authority probably from some monastic record, says that in the reign of Henry II. this town was “a mene thing as an inhabitation for fishars.” Before the year 1253, it had grown to be of so much importance that a market was established in it, and in 1287 a fleet of 325 vessels sailed from hence for Guienne. The petition of 1411 describes Plymouth as a great port for the harbour of vessels, and speaks of the town as defenceless, adding that it had been frequently destroyed by the enemy in the time of war. In 1338 the French attacked Plymouth and attempted to burn it, but the place was relieved and the enemy put to flight with great loss by Hugh Courtenay, Earl of Devon: in 1346 the town furnished ships and men for the siege of Calais. In 1350, the French, after burning Teignmouth, again attempted the destruction of Plymouth, but finding it then well defended, they contented themselves with devastating the farms and fair places in the neighbourhood; and in 1355, Edward the Black Prince embarked here on the expedition which ended in the great victory of Poictiers. The town was at length burnt by the French in 1377, plundered by them in 1400, and again plundered and burnt in 1403 by a host of Bretons under the Sieur de Chastel, when 600 houses are said to have been destroyed: after an interval of nearly 30 years, the townsmen obtained, among other privileges, the grant of a toll on all merchandise so as to enable them to build walls and towers and to fortify the town. In 1470 the Duke of Clarence, with the Earls of Pembroke, Warwick and Oxford, landed here with the object of enlisting popular sympathy for the cause of Henry VI. and in 1471—2 Margaret of Anjou came here just previous to the disastrous conflict at Tewkesbury; Catherine of Arragon, the affianced wife of Prince Arthur, but eventually of Henry VIII. arrived here from Spain in 1501 and was sumptuously entertained.

In 1512 an Act of Parliament was passed for fortifying Plymouth and other seaport towns in the west. Leland, who visited it in the reign of Henry VIII. says, “the mouth of the Gulph, where the shippers of Plymouth lyith, is waullid on eche side and chained over in tyme of necessitie”; Westcote says that the island of St. Nicholas (now Drake’s Island) was a place of refuge to divers gentlemen in the insurrections of 1549, when it seems that the insurgents plundered and set fire to Plymouth, for he observes that the evidences of the borough were burnt. In 1572 Sir Francis Drake sailed from this port on his expedition to Nombre de Dios, South America, and returning in 1573, anchored on the 9th Aug. in the Sound; in 1582 he was chosen mayor of Plymouth, and to him the town is indebted for its splendid supply of water, a circumstance commemorated at the annual dinners of the Corporation by the toast, “May the descendants of him who gave us water never want wine.” In 1579, Sept. 26, he again returned to Plymouth after another successful cruise, and after much other service sailed in Aug. 1595, with Hawkins, on the disastrous expedition which caused his death. From Plymouth also Sir Humphrey Gilbert embarked in 1583, on his ill-fated voyage to Newfoundland. Amongst other circumstances which render this town historically famous is its connection with the Spanish Armada, which appeared off Plymouth about 12 o’clock at noon on July 20th, 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidona, who, confident of victory, is said to have selected Mount Edgcumbe for his future residence. The port of Plymouth equipped against this formidable fleet 7 ships and 1 fly boat, being a greater number than was furnished by any port except London, and a total fleet of 190 ships, 34 only of which belonged to the Queen, were collected here to oppose the invader. Plymouth was also the grand rendezvous of the fleet previous to the successful expedition to Cadiz, in 1596, when 150 sail assembled in this port, the land forces being mustered and trained every day by their officers; and the united forces set sail on 3rd June, 1596. Plymouth again was one of the centres of activity in the projects for colonizing North America; and a “Plymouth Company” was incorporated for this purpose by James I. and on 6 Sept. 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers set sail in the “Mayflower” from Plymouth Sound. Charles I. visited the town in 1625, and during the whole period of the civil war it was in the hands of the Parliament, who retained it even at a time when every other portion of the west of England was in possession of the Royal forces. Soon after the commencement of the war, the Earl of Ruthven was appointed governor, and Sir Alexander Carew had the command of the fort and the island of St. Nicholas. Various attempts were made by the Royalists to gain possession of this important post. Sir Ralph Hopton appeared before it in the month of December, 1642, but was driven from his quarters by Henry (Grey) 1st Earl of Stamford: in the following September, Sir Alexander Carew, being convicted of a design to betray his trust, was sent a prisoner to London, and suffered death on Tower Hill in 1644. About the beginning of September, 1643, Colonel Digby was sent with a considerable force of horse and foot to blockade it, and fixing his head quarters at Plymstock, established batteries at Oreston and Mount Batten and a guard, at Hooe; early in October an attack was made on Mount Stamford, but the guard at Hooe was defeated with much loss on the 8th by a sortie from the garrison, about which time Prince Maurice, having captured Dartmouth, advanced with his whole army to besiege Plymouth, his head quarters being at Widey House, and his army stationed at Plympton, Plymstock, Cawsand, Egg Buckland and Tamerton: on the 3rd December the Royalists captured a fort at Lory Point, but were repulsed by the garrison in a sally, and the fort was retaken: on the 18th of the same month an attempt was made to storm the town; the attacking force appears to have been repulsed with great loss, and the siege was raised on the 25th: amongst the Devonshire officers engaged in the siege were the Earl of Marlborough, Sir Thomas Hele, Sir Edmund Fortescue and Sir P. Courtenay. About the middle of April, 1644, Sir Richard Grenville advanced with his forces towards Plymouth, when Colonel Martin, then governor of the town, marching out with the greater part of the garrison, defeated him at St. Budeaux, and took two companies prisoners. Prince Maurice again attempted the capture of Plymouth, but not succeeding in his intentions, left Sir Richard Grenville with his forces to blockade the town. After the surrender of the army in Cornwall the king came before Plymouth in person on the 9th September, 1644, attended by Prince Maurice, and occupied Widey House, but on the 10th of January, 1646, the blockade of Plymouth was finally abandoned, but the siege had cost the inhabitants a loss approximating to 8,000 lives, a number greater than the whole population at that time. In 1813 H.M.S. “Bellarophon,” with the Emperor Napoleon on board, anchored in the Sound.

Railways and Bridges.-Plymouth is served by the Great Westem and London and South Western railways; the former has a terminus at Millbay now (1901) being rebuilt, and other stations at North Road and Mutley, the two latter being also used by the London and South Western railway, whose terminus is at Friary. By the incorporation of the South Devon railway between Plymouth and Exeter and of the Bristol and Exeter line, Plymouth has become the western terminus of the Great Western, railway system, and Penzance the terminus of the West Cornwall line, which has been taken over from the Cornwall Railway Company, and by means of the loop line at North Road, through trains are run from Paddington to Penzance.

The London and South Western railway has hitherto reached Plymouth by running from Lidford Junction over a portion of the Great Western Company’s branch line to Launceston, but a continuation of the South Western line from Lidford to Devonport and Plymouth was completed and opened in June, 1890, and an extension from Friary station to Plymstock was opened in July, 1892. On 1 Jan. 1897, a further extension was opened to Oreston and Turnchapel, for both goods and passenger traffic. A new line has also been made into the South Hams district, and is a continuation of the Plymstock line on to Yealmpton, with intermediate stations at Billacombe, Chittleburn and Steer Point.

The goods depots of the Great Western railway are at Millbay and Sutton Road, and those of the London and South Western railway at Devonport and the Friary (Plymouth).

The Laira bridge, east of the town, which crosses the estuary of the Plym above the Cattewater, is a fine structure of stone and iron, 500 feet in length, erected in 1824—7 by John, 1st Earl of Morley; it consists of five elliptical arches of iron carried on stone piers and abutments, the centre arch being 100 feet span and 14 ½ feet above high-water mark; the Toadway is 24 feet wide. Other bridges connect Plymouth on the west, through Stonehouse, with Devonport and Stoke Damerel.

Port Limits.-The Port of Plymouth extends from Looe on the west to the river Yealm on the east, with pilotage to Start Point; the maritime jurisdiction, however, rests with the mayor and free burgesses of the ancient borough of Saltash, in Cornwall, on the Tamar. By an Order in Council, gazetted 22 May, 1885, the limits of the Dockyard Port of Plymouth are defined on the south by a line drawn across the entrance of Plymouth Sound, from Penlee point on the west to Shagstone on the east, including all the waters of the Sound and Hamoaze and Devonport, and comprising all bays, rivers &c. reached by the tide within, or to the northward of, the above mentioned.

Harbours.-The Harbour of Sutton has been considerably improved, under the supervision of the Sutton Harbour Improvement Company, a substantial jetty having been erected for the use of the Channel Islands steamers, and a new quay constructed at Coxside; the harbour is also connected with the systems both of the Great Western and London and South Western railways.

The Victoria Wharves and Pier, Sutton road, were opened in 1900.

Cattewater harbour, which is controlled by a distinct body of commissioners, is connected with the London and South Western railway, branches of which extend almost entirely round the quays and wharves, and at the mouth of the harbour a breakwater has been constructed with a revolving light at the extremity; the northern portion of the Cattewater is crossed by Laira bridge, and the water of the estuary above the bridge is known as “The Laira.”

Docks.-Millbay, situated between the Hoe and Stonehouse, is now the site of the Great Western docks, which are capable of accommodating vessels of the largest class, and there are several piers and jetties. The original pier was built under the powers of an Act of Parliament, obtained in 1840, by Thomas Gill esq. but the whole was afterwards purchased by the Plymouth Great Western Dock Company, who obtained an Act for the construction of the docks in 1846, and the works were carried out from the designs of the late I. K. Brunei esq. under the immediate superintendence of Mr. Samuel Power. The docks were opened for trading purposes in 1857, some portions having been completed and utilized previously. The floating basin covers an extent of over thirteen acres and is entered by gates 80 feet wide, and has a depth of water of about 22 feet at spring tides. Outside of this is the open dock or tidal harbour, on the western side of which an extension pier has been constructed, capable of accommodating at low water of ordinary spring tides ships drawing 24 feet of water. The Graving Dock measures 468 feet in length and 92 feet in width, the depth of water being the same as in the Floating Basin, and the entrance is 80 feet wide. The wharves and warehouses are of a very commodious kind and all the quays are connected by rail with the line of the Great Western Railway Company, to whom the docks, under special Parliamentary enactment, now belong. Passengers, mails and specie from the United States, the West Indies, Australia, India, China and the Cape of Good Hope are landed here and forwarded by rail to London and all parts of the kingdom. A new entrance to the floating basin is now (1901) being constructed, with double gates worked by hydraulic rams. The Trinity pier on the eastern side of the outer harbour is also being extended and widened, and the water deepened at its northern side to accommodate the coasting and continental trade.

The number of British sailing and steam vessels that entered the port, with cargoes, including their repeated voyages, in 1900, was 446 of 151,576 tone, and 219 foreign, of 82,709 tonnage. The number cleared was 405 British, 59,028 tons; and 169 foreign, 53,377 tonnage. In the general coasting trade the number of sailing and steam vessels that entered, including their repeated voyages, was 2,042 of 568,593 tonnage, and 2,172, cleared, of 655,812 tons. In the trade between Great Britain and Ireland 196 vessels entered, of 82,040 tonnage, and 156 cleared, 65,005 tons. The number of vessels registered, under Part I. of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, as belonging to the port, 31 December, 1900, is given, at 323, of 55,357 tons. The number of fishing boats, registered as belonging to the port, under Part IV. of the same Act, at the same date, was 217, giving employment to 585 men and boys. Fishinc boats and their implements are marked with the letters P.H. The total value of the imports in 1900 wag £1,573,049, the principal amounts being corn, £565,435, refined sugar £131,772 and wood £287,444, and of the exports, £154,993. The amount of Customs revenue collected being £39,049.

A considerable trade is carried on with America, Australia and New Zealand, the West Indies, the Mauritius, Africa and the Baltic, besides which there is an extensive Coasting trade. The New Zealand and the Orient lines of steamers call at Plymouth fortnightly to embark and land passengers. Steamers ply regularly from hence to Southampton, Portsmouth, London, Falmouth, Dublin, Belfast, Waterford, Glasgow, Cork, Liverpool, Jersey and Guernsey, and vessels may always be found bound to almost any port in England or Wales. The principal portion of the coasting vessels come into Sutton Pool, as do also the numerous fishing vessels belonging to and using the port; but most of the heavy foreign vessels and the Irish and Channel steamers resort to the Great Western docks, Millbay. Goods traffic can also be forwarded from or to the Great Western docks in connection with the London and South Western railway.

There is a branch of the Royal National Life-boat Institution, with a crew of 13, and a life-boat station at the Great Western docks, Millbay.

Ecclesiastical.-Plymouth formed a single parish, with but one church, until 1640, when it was divided and the church of Charles, in contemporary records called the church of King Charles the Martyr, was built, and, more recently, parishes for ecclesiastical purposes have been, formed under Sir R. Peel’s (New Parishes) Act, 1843 (6 and 7 Vic. c. 37), both in the town and its suburbs, on the north, south-west and eastern sides of the town. Under the name of Sutton, Plymouth was anciently a prebend attached to the collegiate church of St. Mary Plympton, and its church afterwards belonged to the priory there. At the Reformation, the advowson and the impropriate tithes were vested in the corporation of the borough, who sold the same many years ago, and the advowson is now vested in the Church Patronage Society.

St. Andrew’s church, standing in the centre of the town, at the corner of Bedford street, and dating from the 12th century, is a fine edifice of stone, in the Perpendicular style, erected about 1430, consisting of chancel and nave, aisles, extending the whole length of the building, transepts, north and south porches, and a lofty embattled western tower with pinnacles built about 1460, containing a clock with chimes and a fine peal of 10 bells, 7 of which were cast in 1749 by Thomas Bilbie, and one by Mears in 1840; the bells were rehung in 1897, by Messrs. Warner and Sons Limited, of London, at a cost of £400: the aisles are separated from the nave and chancel by a series of lofty pointed arches springing from clustered shafts, with curiously carved foliated capitals; the eastern portions of the aisles form chapels, and under the chancel is a crypt said to communicate with an ancient building in the south-west of the church called “The Abbey”: the rood and other screens were taken down in 1826, under the advice of Mr. Foulston, architect, and together with other oak fittings were sold by auction for £134 15s.: the pulpit of Bath stone and local marbles was erected in 1871, from designs by Mr. J. Hine, architect, and was executed, as well as the massive oak stalls, parclose screens and seating, by Hems and Sons, of Exeter; among the many interesting monuments in the church is one to Charles Mathews, the elder, the comedian, who died in Plymouth, 28 June, 1835, and others to Sir John Skelton kt. Lieutenant-Governor of Plymouth, ob. 1672, one by Westmacott, to Dr. Woolcombs, d. 1822; a fine bust by Chantrey, to Dr. Zachary Mudge, some time vicar here, ob. 1769: here also was interred the heart of the celebrated admiral, Robert Blake, who died as he was entering Plymouth Sound, 17th August, 1657: during the restoration two effigies were discovered under the floor of the south aisle; one of these, on a slab of Purbeck marble, is a male figure in high relief wearing a long gown with straight folds; the other, which is much mutilated, appears to be a knight in armour, and exhibits traces of a camail and jupon: neither effigy has yet been identified: the church was restored in 1874—5 under the direction of the lata Sir G. Gilbert Soott F.S.A, at a cost of £8,000: the organ, originally built by James Parsons in 1737, was altered and enlarged in 1859, improved in 1870, and has recently been entirely rebuilt and further enlarged: the reredos, bishop's chair, lectern and chancel and clergy stalls are all new, and there are some good stained windows: the total length, of the church is 184 feet; width, 69 feet, or at the transepts, 95 feet: there are sittings for 1,800 persons. The register dates from the year 1581. The living is a vicarage, with Pennycross annexed, net yearly value £408, with residence, in the gift of the Church Patronage Society.

Samuel Aldis esq. in 1741 gave £400, invested in the funds, for the support of an organist.

The church of King Charles the Martyr, commonly called “Charles’ church,” is a building of stone in the Gothic style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, south and west porches, and a lofty western tower, with spire, containing 10 bells, cast in 1782, 1856 and 1898, six having been previously recast in 1709: the church was erected at various times between 1640 and 1657, the work, owing to civil commotions, being several times interrupted: the wooden spire of 1707—8 was replaced in 1766 by one of stone and various alterations were made in 1735 and 1739; in 1869 the structure was further altered and renovated, and in 1883 the walls surrounding the churchyard were lowered and railings substituted: in 1889 the north and south galleries were taken down and the church restored at a cost of £2,267: there are many interesting monuments, including one to Robert Hawker D.D. author of some religious biographies and works on divinity, and 43 years vicar here, who died 6th April, 1827, and many stained windows: the church has sittings for 900 persons. The register dates from the year 1653. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value about £300, with residence, in the gift of the Church Patronage Society, and held since 1890 by the Rev. Nathaniel Vickers B.A. of Trinity College, Dublin, and surrogate.

All Saints is an ecclesiastical parish, formed May 14, 1875, from that of St. Peter; the church, in Harwell street, erected in 1873—8, at a cost of £5,000, is a building of limestone in the Early English style, from designs by Mr. James Hine, architect, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles and a western porch: there are 500 sittings. The register dates from the year 1875. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £217, in the gift of local trustees, and held since 1899 by the Rev. Owen Evan Anwyl M.A. of Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1885 a clergy house was erected at a cost of about £1,900, of which £1,178 was given by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. A parish room and Sunday schools, with four class rooms, was erected in 1892, at a cost of about £1,200, defrayed by public subscription.

Christ Church is an ecclesiastical parish, formed August 14, 1847, from that of St. Andrew; the church, in Eton place, is a building of stone in the Perpendicular style, consisting of clerestoried nave, aisles, west porch and a belfry containing one bell: the church was restored and a fine screen added in 1896: there are sittings for 1,085 persons. The register dates from the year 1845. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £165, with residence, in the gift of the vicar of St. Andrew’s, and held since 1892 by the Rev. William Howard Coates.

Holy Trinity is an ecclesiastical parish, formed August 8, 1851, from that of St. Andrew; the church, in South-side street, built in 1842, is an edifice of stone, of the Doric order, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, north porch and a tower on the north-west side: there are sittings for 1,200 persons. The register dates from the year 1851. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £180, with residence, in the gift of the vicar of St. Andrew, and held since 1851 by the Rev. Francis Barnes M.A. of Jesus College, Cambridge, chaplain to the Plymouth Emigrant.

St. Augustine’s church, in Lipson vale, erected in 1900 at a cost of £300, is a building of stone in the Gothic style, of which a portion only is at present built, with sittings for 500 persons. The living is a vicarage, yearly value £140, in the gift of the vicars of Emanuel, Charles and St. Mathias, and 3 trustees; the Rev. George James Jackson O’Shea is vicar designate.

St. James the Less is an ecclesiastical parish, formed March 5, 1847, from that of St. Andrew; the church, in Clarendon place, Citadel road, is a building of stone in the Early English style, from the designs of J. P. St. Aubyn esq. and was consecrated in 1861, when the chancel and one bay of the nave were built; the main portion of the nave and aisles, begun in 1868, was completed in 1880: the building now consists of apsidal chancel, nave and aisles, and an unfinished tower: three of the windows in the chancel and one in the south aisle are stained: in 1884 a memorial window was erected to Col. W. H. Adams, d. 20th December, 1883, and in 1888—91 the church was restored at a cost of £2,865: there are sittings for 800 persons. The register dates from the year 1848. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £225, with residence, in the gift of Keble College, Oxford, and held since 1898 by the Rev. Francis Wilfrid Osborn M.A. of Keble College, Oxford.

St. Michael’s, West Hoe, a chapel of ease to St. James the Less, was erected in 1891 at a cost of £1,500, and is a small building of stone, faced with polyphant and freestone, in the Gothic style, and consists of chancel and nave: there are sittings for 200 persons.

St. Jude’s is an ecclesiastical parish, formed May 4, 1877, from the parish of King Charles the Martyr; the church, in Tothill lane, is a building of stone in the Early English style, erected in 1875—6, at a cost of £7,055, and consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, transepts, west porch and a tower with spire at the north-west angle, containing one bell; the tower and spire were added in 1882, at the expense of the Rev. Thomas Archer Bewes M.A. of Beaumont, who also had previously given the organ: there are 630 sittings. The register dates from the year 1876. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £200, in the gift of local trustees, and held since 1877 by the Rev. Prebendary Thomas Henry Howard M.A. of Queen’s College, Cambridge.

St. Luke’s is an ecclesiastical parish, formed March 20, 1874; the church, in Tavistock place, and formerly a proprietary chapel known as “Charles chapel,” is a building of stone of the Doric order, erected in 1828, from designs by the late Mr. Ball, and consists of chancel, nave, aisles, west porch and a turret containing one bell: at the east end is a memorial window to Capt. Hay, erected by his sister: and there are thirteen other stained windows: the church was restored in 1878—91, at a cost of £1,150, and affords 1,200 sittings. The register dates from the year 1874. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £135, in the gift of the vicar of Charles, and held since 1898 by the Rev. Hammond Butler Bisshopp M.A. of Caius College and Ridley Hall, Cambridge.

St. Matthias is an ecclesiastical parish, formed in 1887 from the parishes of St. Luke, Charles and Christ Church; the church, erected upon rising ground, in Tavistock road, in 1887, at a cost of £9,400, and consecrated by the Bishop of Exeter, is a building of limestone, in the Perpendicular style, from designs by Messrs. Hine and Odgers, and consists of chancel, nave, aisles, west porch and a massive embattled tower, 120 feet in height, with pinnacles: the organ was erected in 1889 at a cost of £800: the east window is stained, and there is a memorial window, placed by Councillor Joseph Willoughby in memory of his son Edgar: the handsome carved oak reredos, designed by Mr. G. H. F. Prynne F.R.I.B.A, and executed by Hems, of Exeter, was presented in 1891 by an anonymous donor; there are sittings for 600 persons. The register dates from the year 1888. The living is a vicarage, in the gift of trustees, net yearly value, derived chiefly from pew rents, £320, and held since 1898 by the Rev. William Bertram Russell Caley M.A. of Pembroke College, Cambridge.

St. Peter’s is an ecclesiastical parish, formed March 5, 1847, from the parishes of St. Andrew, Plymouth, and St. George, Stonehouse; the church, in Wyndham square, occupies the site of a former church, originally a Dissenting place of worship called “Eldad chapel,” but consecrated as a church in October, 1850, when a quasi-chancel was added from the designs of the late G. E. Street R.A.: the foundation stone of the new church, a building of native limestone, in the Early English style, from designs by Mr. G. H. F. Prynne F.R.I.B.A, of London and Plymouth, was laid by the Earl of Devon, April 1st, 1880, and the edifice, erected at a cost of £13,000, is cruciform in plan and consists at present of chancel, nave, aisles, transepts, south porch and an incomplete western tower: the fine screen of wrought iron, on a base of alabaster and Devonshire marble, designed by Mr. Prynne, and executed by Hems, of Exeter, was unveiled on Sunday, Dec. 24, 1882, and is adorned with figures in mosaic of angels holding scrolls: the upper portion is entirely of wrought iron, and is surmounted by a cross; the whole is now richly illuminated in gold and colour; the cost was about £450; choir stalls of oak and walnut have also been erected at a cost of £100; the pulpit, erected in 1898, at a cost of £200, to commemorate the 60th year of the reign of Queen Victoria, from the design of Mr. G. H. F. Prynne, has a base of Caen stone, with short columns of marble: there are 1,000 sittings. The register dates from the year 1848. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £409, without residence, in the gift of the trustees of Keble College, Oxford, and held since 1848 by the Rev. George Rundle Prynne M.A. of St. Catherine’s College, Cambridge.

The Mission church of the Good Shepherd, in Octagon street, erected at a cost of £1,200, was opened early in 1862.

St. Saviour’s is an ecclesiastical parish, formed in 1883 from the parish of Holy Trinity; the church, at Lambhay Hill, near the Citadel, was built in 1870 on a site given by H.M. the Queen, as a chapel of ease to Holy Trinity, and enlarged in 1883 by the addition of a north aisle, at a cost of over £1,000; it is a building of stone, in the Early English style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles and a western tower, and has over 530 sittings. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £202, in the gift of the vicar of Holy Trinity, and held since 1884 by the Rev. Joseph Jones. A School and Mission Rooms were erected in 1886, close to the church, at a cost of about £1,200, towards which a grant of £100 was given by the National Society.

St. Catharine’s church, in Lockyer street, originally a chapel of ease to St. Andrew’s church, is a plain building of stone and granite in a modern Classic style, erected in 1823, at a cost of about £5,000, and consists of chancel and nave, with a belfry surmounted by a cross, and containing one bell; in 1879—80 the church was restored at a cost of £800, when a new organ chamber was built and enlarged, oak stalls, new carved pulpit and organ screen erected and the chancel repaved: in 1900 it was reseated and other improvements effected at a cost of over £600: there are 800 sittings. The living is a perpetual curacy, net yearly value about £200, with residence, in the gift of the vicar of St. Andrews, and held since 1895 by the Rev. Nathaniel Nicholas Lewarne M.A. of Exeter College, Oxford, and surrogate.

The Mission Hall, Notte street, opened in October, 1883, is a building of local limestone, erected by and at the cost of Mr. Isaac Foot, builder, of Plymouth, from designs by Mr. H. J. Snell, architect, and will hold, including the gallery, 700 persons.

The Catholic diocese of Plymouth comprises Devon, Cornwall and Dorset, with the Scilly Islands.

The Catholic cathedral, in Wyndham street west, dedicated to St. Mary and St. Boniface, was opened for public worship in March, 1858, but not consecrated till 22nd of September, 1880: it is a cruciform building in the Early English style, from designs by J. H. Hansom esq. of Clifton, built at a cost of £10,000, and consists of choir with aisles transepts with eastern chapels, nave, aisles, and a tower with spire, 205 feet in height, erected in 1866, and containing one bell: the sacristy forms a part of a separate building, which leads to the bishop’s residence: the stained west window was presented by the diocese to commemorate the completion of the twenty-fifth year of consecration of Bishop Vaughan, September 16, 1880: the carved stone reredos was erected in 1889 by offerings presented to the bishop on the completion by him of fifty years of priesthood: there are sittings for 750 persons.

The Catholic church of the Holy Cross, in Beaumont Road, and erected in 1882, is a building of stone in the Gothic style, and has 400 sittings. Attached to this church is a house of Sisters of Charity.

The Convent of Notre Dame, in Wyndham street, erected in 1865, has a chapel of stone in the Gothic style; it was enlarged and a marble altar added from designs by Mr. H. A. K. Gribble, architect, of London, to which a new sanctuary was added in 1885, at the cost of the sisterhood.

The Baptists have three chapels. George Street chapel was originally founded in 1640; the present building, erected in 1845, at a cost of £5,000, will seat 1,000 persons: the Sunday schools in connection with this chapel were enlarged in 1892. Mutley chapel, erected in 1869, at a cost of nearly £8,000, has sittings for about 1,000 persons. Trinity chapel, York street, was erected in 1828, and has 400 sittings. The Meeting House of the Brethren, in Park street, will seat 500 people. The Brethren also hold meetings at the Temperance hall, Raleigh street.

Bethel Union chapel, Barbican, erected in 1883, for the use of sailors, soldiers and fishermen, is served by ministers of different denominations, and has a Sunday school attached; there is another Bethel Union chapel at the Great Western docks.

The Bible Christian chapel in Zion street, erected in 1847, will seat 500 persons. The Bible Christian chapel, Greenbank road, is a handsome building of stone in the Romanesque style, erected in 1886, at a cost, including site, of £6,000: there are 700 sittings.

The Calvinistic chapel is in Portland villas.

The Catholic Apostolic chapel, in Princess street, was re-erected in 1867 to seat 400 persons.

There are four Congregational chapels and two Mission halls. The Sherwell Congregational chapel, Tavistock road, was erected by the congregation formerly attached to Norley Street chapel, founded in 1798, and is a structure in the Decorated style, completed in 1864 at a cost, including site, of £8,400, with a tower and spire at the north side rising to a height of 140 feet: there is a memorial window to Mr. David Derry, and sittings for 1,250 persons. Higher Batter Street chapel, originally Presbyterian, was erected in 1705 and has been restored: it wall seat 500 persons. The Union Congregational chapel, in Courtenay street, erected in 1847 at a cost of £2,000, has sittings for 760 persons. Norley chapel, erected in 1798, will seat 800 persons. The old Tabernacle mission hall, Exeter street, was erected about 1744, and has about 400 sittings Sherwell mission hall, in Mount street, erected in 1857, has sittings for 450 persons. The Evangelical Protestant church in Compton street, erected in 1847, is associated with the labours of the late Samuel Prideaux Tregelles LL.D, translator of the Greek Testament, and seats 658 persons.

The Jewish Synagogue, a plain building in Catherine street, was erected in 1762.

The Presbyterian church, Wyndham street west, erected in 1869 at a cost of £6,000, and destroyed by fire, with the exception of the walls, December 10, 1882, was rebuilt in 1883, in the Classic style, from designs by Mr. J. L. Hodge, architect, of Plymouth: there are 825 sittings.

The Primitive Methodist chapel in Ebrington street will seat 300 persons.

The Society of Friends’ Meeting House in Treville street, founded in 1646 and rebuilt in 1883, will seat 300 persons.

The Unitarian chapel, Treville street, was erected in 1832, to seat 350 persons.

The United Methodist Free Church, Ebrington street, rebuilt in 1897 at a cost of nearly £6,000, has about 600 sittings.

There are five Wesleyan Methodist chapels. The King Street chapel, a large and substantial but plain building, was erected in 1864, at a cost, including schools, of £15,000, and has 1,600 sittings, of which 700 are free. Ebenezer chapel, Saltash street, was erected in 1816, at a cost of about £5,000, and in 1892 was renovated, a church parlour built and a mahogany pulpit and finely panelled ceiling erected: there are 1,000 sittings. Wesley chapel, Ebrington street, erected at a cost of about £12,600, and opened May 21st, 1879, is an edifice of brick with dressings of Portland stone, and has a stone facade with a massive hexastyle portico of the Corinthian order: it will seat 1,150 persons, and under the chapel are schoolrooms for 600 scholars: additional rooms have since been provided, and there are now (1901) 1,100 scholars. Mutley chapel is a building of limestone with Portland stone dressings, in the Gothic style, erected at a cost of £7,000, and has a tower at the south-west angle: over the main entrance is a fine stained window: there are sittings for 950 persons, and in the basement are school rooms for 400 scholars.

The Cemetery is about three-quarters of a mile from the town, and is the property of the Plymouth, Devonport and Stonehouse Cemetery Co.: it was opened in 1849 and has two mortuary chapels, but part of the ground had been previously opened in 1848 for Dissenters. The whole comprises an area of about 70 acres.

The Jewish Cemetery, near Ford Park road, Mutley, was opened in 1873 and belongs to the Jewish congregation: it is 1 ¼ acres in extent.

Public Buildings and Institutions.-The Guildhall, Law Courts and Municipal offices occupy two sides of a large open space, about 100 feet wide, leading from Catherine street to Westwell street, the municipal offices being on the north and the Guildhall and Law Courts on the south, the east side of the square being closed by the church of St. Andrew. The foundation stone was laid by William Luscombe esq. mayor, 28 July, 1870; the municipal offices opened in April, 1872, by John Kelly esq. mayor, and the whole pile of buildings was formally inaugurated in Aug. 1874, by H.M. King Edward VII. then the Prince of Wales, and high steward of the borough, and in the mayoralty of Alfred Rooker esq. Both blocks are constructed of limestone and granite, with freestone dressings, in the Gothic style of the 13th century, from designs by Messrs. Norman and Hine, architects, of Plymouth, at a total cost, including decorative work, of £50,000. The Guildhall, placed between the Police Court and Law Courts, is a lofty structure, 146 feet in length and 58 feet wide, lighted on either side by a series of seven windows, with copuled lights and cinquefoil openings above; these windows form a species of clerestory, exhibiting on the exterior a succession of crocketed gables, divided by pinnacles: at the angles of the building are bold circular turrets, carried on corbels, and the principal or north front has a spacious lobby extending the whole length of the hall, with a wide porch in the centre and subordinate entrances at each end: at the west end of the hall rises a tall square tower, about 180 feet in height, with machicolated parapet and open-spired lantern, and above the crested ridge of the roof, the gables of which are adorned with statues, is an octagonal fieche, with graceful spirelet: the interior is divided into three aisles by arcades of seven arches on each side, consisting of columns of polished Penryn granite with capitals and arches of Portland stone. The 14 large windows of the hall are filled with stained glass illustrating memorable incidents in the history of Plymouth. The subjects of those on the south side are:-1. The Embarkation of the Black Prince. 2. The Descent of the Bretons. 3. Sir F. Drake bringing in the Water. 4. The Armada, and the famous Game of Bowls on the Hoe. 5. The Arrest of Sir Walter Raleigh. 6. Plymouth Pottery and its manufacture. 7. The Opening of the Guildhall. Those on the north side represent: —1. The Inquisition in the Priory Church of Plympton. 2 The Visit of Katharine of Arragon. 3. William of Orange proclaimed King in Plymouth Guildhall. 4. The Departure of the Pilgrim Fathers. 5. The Siege of Plymouth. 6. Napoleon Bonaparte on board the “Bellerophon” in Plymouth Sound. 7. Freemasonry. At the west end of the hall is a large orchestra, with an organ erected by subscription at a cost of about £2,500, and adjoining are ante-rooms for the convenience of performers. At the opposite end of the hall is a gallery, holding about 250 persons, and the hall will seat, as a whole, about 2,500 persons. The Police Court, which adjoins the Guildhall on the east, is 46 feet by 38 feet, and has attached rooms for the magistrates, magistrates’ clerk, attorneys and witnesses, and in the rear a station-house and muster room, with drill yard. Adjoining the Guildhall on the west are the Law Courts, each 49 by 38 feet, with separate entrances and rooms for barristers, attorneys and witnesses, and galleries for the use of the public. The gables of the three courts are surmounted by statues of Edward I. the “English Justinian,” Edward the Black Prince and the present King Edward VII. and at the north-west angle of the Law Courts, next Westwell street, is an octagonal tower, arcaded in the third stage, and finished with a machicolated parapet and spired lantern relieved by dormers, Adjoining are buildings occupied by the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce, and the Plymouth Incorporated Mercantile Association, established in 1875.

The Municipal Offices comprise a council chamber, town clerk’s offices, committee and ante-rooms, offices for the borough treasurer, borough engineer, the water engineer, medical officer of health and sanitary and port sanitary inspectors: the principal front is arcaded in the upper storey, and in the centre is a lofty projecting transeptal block, the gable of which, flanked by pinnacles, is pierced by two large windows, under triangular canopies, enriched with crocketing and finials: at the south-west angle is an octagonal tower, corresponding to that, of the Law Courts.

The insignia of the Corporation include three maces and a mayor’s chain and badge: in 1671 new maces were made, from which it appears that there were still earlier ones, of which there is no record. The present maces belong to the reign of Queen Anne, and bear the dates 1709 and 1711; the largest is 4 feet 3 inches long and the other two four feet each; all three are similar in design, with richly chased shafts divided into three portions by massive bands, which, as well as the base knops, are elaborately foliated: the heads bear the usual national emblems, and are surrounded by a cresting of crosses and fleur-de-lis, from which rise open-arched crowns: on the flat top of the head are the royal arms and the motto “Semper Eadem.” The largest mace, as appears from an inscription on the base, was presented to the Corporation by Joseph Jory, mayor in 1709; one of the smaller maces used to be carried before the mayoress. The mayor’s chain, 16 feet 5 inches long, consists of simple links, and is worn fourfold; it was purchased in 1803 at a cost of £66, and attached to it as a pendant is a gold medal, bearing on one side the borough arms and on the other an inscription recording the recovery by the freemen of their right to elect a chief magistrate; the medal was presented, at a cost of £9, to William Lockyer, mayor in 1816. The early borough seal, two inches in diameter, exhibits a figure of St. Andrew, with figures of angels, one on either side, bearing shields of arms, and all under canopies; beneath are the town arms and supporters, and round the edge an inscription; the mayor’s seal displays the borough arms, surmounted by a crown of fleurs-de-lis and trefoils, and surrounded by an inscription in old English characters; a smaller seal bears the town arms simply and the date 1595; there are also four modern seals, two loving cups, one given by Sir John Gayer, alderman of London, in 1648, and the other by John Whit, of London, haberdasher, in 1585, and a silver snuff box, dating from 1812. The mayor’s robe is of scarlet trimmed with sable fur.

The Post Office, in Westwell street, is a building of Portland stone and Cornish granite, in the Gothic style, erected in 1884 from the designs of E. G. Rivers esq, surveyor to H.M. Commissioners of Works. The foundation stone was laid by P. S. Macliver esq. formerly M.P. for Plymouth, and the building has been planned with a view to extension if required. There are postal telegraph offices in Westwell street, Southside street, Stonehouse, Cattedown, Deptford place, Durnford street, Ebrington street, Holborn place, Millbay, Mutley, North hill, Seymour avenue, Union street, Laira and Oreston.

His Majesty’s Prison, at the north-east of the town, adjoining the Workhouse, erected in 1849, at a cost of about £12,500, is a building of blue limestone, with Caen stone dressings, in the Italian style, from designs by Messrs. Fuller and Gingell, architects, of Bristol; it contains apartments for officers, visiting cells, convalescent rooms, a bath room, cells for 81 prisoners (57 males and 24 females), day rooms, airing grounds and special cells.

The public clock tower, in George street, erected in 1862, is a rectangular structure, terminating in an open octangular-spired turret: the clock, presented by William. Derry esq. an ex-mayor, has four dials, and at the base of the tower are large projecting lamps. In the Guildhall square is a full-length statue of Mr. Alfred Rooker, mayor in 1874, by the late Mr. Stephens, of Exeter, erected at a cost of £1,600, raised by public subscriptions.

The Theatre Royal, in Georgs street, forms part of the large block of buildings comprising also the Royal hotel and Assembly Rooms: it is a large and well-arranged house, with a lofty pedimented portico supported by columns and pilasters of the Ionic order, and will seat 2,000 persons.

The Athenaeum, in George and Athenaeum, streets, is the property of the Plymouth Institution and Devon and Cornwall Natural History Society; it was erected in 1818—19, and is a building in the Classic style, with a pedimented portico carried on columns of the Grecian Doric order; it contains a lecture hall, a valuable scientific library and a spacious museum; and a lending library and general reading room were added about 1901. The museum comprises large and valuable collections, chiefly illustrative of the antiquities and natural history and geology of the West of England. In the rooms are a number of portraits and casts from the antique. Lectures are delivered weekly by the members during the winter months.

The Plymouth Municipal Museum and Art Gallery is temporarily situated in Beaumont Park: the museum contains a collection of archaeological remains, presented by the Dartmoor Exploration Committee, practically comprising the whole results of recent explorations: there are also prehistoric remains from an ancient cemetery discovered at Harbyn Bay, Cornwall, and estimated to be 2,000 years old: there are also collections illustrating zoology and geology in general; others specially referring to the counties of Devon and Cornwall are in the course of formation, and much is already on exhibition: the art gallery includes a few choice oil paintings by Tuke, Binet and other artists, lent by W. A. Duncan esq.: there is a series of casts of Italian sculpture, obtained by aid of a grant from South Kensington; exhibits of china, minor arts, early printed books and illuminated manuscripts, and also a collection of objects of art, lent by the authorities of the South Kensington Museum, and renewed annually.

The Plymouth Proprietary and Cottonian Library, Cornwall street, erected in 1811 and enlarged in 1852, contains the collections presented to the town in 1852 by William Cotton esq. of Ivybridge, and besides an historical and general library of some 28,000 volumes, contains a very rare and valuable collection of original drawings by ancient French, Dutch, Italian, Lombard and other masters, and an extensive and carefully selected collection of engravings, illustrative of every school of art, together with many articles of vertu and artistic interest, including some portraits by Sir Joshua Reynolds: it has also a news room, well supplied with morning, evening and weekly papers: the works of art are open to the inspection of the public. The Incorporated Law Society of Plymouth, whose rooms are in Athenaeum chambers, Athenseum lane, has a law library of nearly 2,500 volumes. The Plymouth Medical Society, instituted in 1794, also have a library id the same building.

The Free Public Library, in Whimple street, occupies the building formerly used as a guildhall, erected in 1800. The library was established in 1876, after the adoption of the Free Libraries Act in 1871, and now contains about 47,572 volumes of general literature; the institution comprises lending and reference departments, general news rooms, magazine room and ladies' reading room. Connected with the reference library is a special local collection called the “Devon and Cornwall library,” in which are placed works relating to or written by natives of those counties, as well as others printed or published therein. During the years 1900—1901, 379,840 volumes were issued on the 279 days during which the library was open; and of this number 62,128 volumes were used in the reference library: the total issue of books since the opening of the library in 1876, to the end of March, 1901, amounted to 5,395,066 volumes. There are branch libraries in all the Board schools and at other places, and evening reading rooms in some of the outlying districts.

The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, which has its head quarters here, was founded at a meeting called for the purpose in March, 1884, and held in the rooms of the Royal Society of London: the Laboratory, on Citadel hill, was completed in June, 1888 at a cost of some £12,000, and since that time investigations of various kinds have been constantly pursued: practical work, relating to matters connected with sea-fishing, are carried on under the direction of the council; in addition to which the Laboratory is used both by English and foreign naturalists for carrying on their own independent researches, and in this way have made valuable additions to zoological and botanical science. The results of investigations carried on at the Laboratory and elsewhere are regularly published by the association in a half-yearly journal. Naturalists desiring to engage in marine biological studies need not be members of the association, but if there is a greater number of applicants than vacant tables, members have the first claim. A steam launch is kept constantly employed in procuring specimens for workers and for museum and university laboratories. The association has, up to 1893, received some £20,000, of which £5,000 was granted by the Treasury: the annual revenue which can be at present counted on is about £1,820, of which £1,000 a year is granted by the Treasury and £400 from the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers, the remainder being made up in subscriptions. The purpose of the association is to aid at the same time both science and industry: it is national in character and constitution, and its affairs are conducted by a representative council, with honorary officers. The buildings are situated at the east side of the Hoe, between the south wall of the Citadel and the sea, on a site granted by the War Office, and comprise two blocks of three storeys, connected by a central portion of two storeys: the central portion has, on the ground floor, an aquarium, which is open daily to the public for a small charge, and on the first floor is the main working laboratory for the use of students only: in the west block is the library, chemical and physiological rooms and a caretaker’s residence: the east block forms the residence of the director. The pumping and circulating apparatus is situated on the basement of the west block, and behind the building are two large reservoirs; president, Prof. E. Ray Lankester F.R.S.; hon. sec. and director of the Plymouth Laboratory, Edgar J. Allen esq. D.Sc.; hon. treasurer. J. A. Travers esq.

St. James’s Hall, Union street, is a large building, now used for public assemblies, and will hold 1,200 persons.

The Freemasons’ Hall and Club Co. Limited and the Plymouth Conservative Club Co. Limited have premises in Princess square.

The Plymouth Club Limited is in Windsor terrace, Citadel road.

The premises of the Plymouth and Western Counties Liberal Club are in Bedford street.

Balfour Hall, Princess place, the property of the Conservative Club Co. Limited, was erected in 1891, and is used for political meetings, smoking concerts &c.; it will hold about 200 persons.

There is a Parliamentary Debating Society, which meets at the Mechanics’ Institute every Thursday, and various Mutual Improvement Societies. The Plymouth Vocal Association gives four concerts every season, and there is a choral class.

The Young Men’s Christian Association occupies premises in Bedford street, and the Young Women’s Christian Association has branches in Lockyer street, 44 Mutley plain and 18 Tothill road.

The Oddfellows’ Hall, Morley street, was erected in 1889, at a cost of £3,000, and will seat 300 people.

Several blocks of model dwellings have been erected in different parts of the town, two of which were built by Sir Edward Bates, 1st bart. M.P. for Plymouth from 1871 to 1880 and from 1885—92, and who died 1896; a number of similar dwellings have been erected in the east end of tire town by a company, and others in the centre of the town by Messrs. Harris, Bulteel and Co. the style adopted being chiefly Elizabethan. The Corporation have also erected Homes for the working classes at Prince Rock.

Markets and Fairs.-A market was first granted to Plymouth about the year 1253, to be held on Thursdays, with a fair of three days at the festival of St. John the Baptist; in the year 1257 a grant was made for a market at Sutton (as Plymouth was then called) on Wednesdays; with three days’ fair at Ascension. In the last century the market days were Monday and Friday, and the markets were held under the old Guildhall. There was formerly a yarn market in St. Andrew’s churchyard: this fell into disuse early in the 17th century, but was temporarily revived in 1651.

The early closing day is on Wednesday at 2 p.m.

The General market, erected in 1804, and partially rebuilt in 1893, occupies an area of about three acres in the centre of the town, and has entrances from Cornwall, East and Drake streets, and from the Market place: it contains covered vegetable, fish, poultry and butter markets, long Tanges of butchers’ shops, stalls for general merchandise, and a wholesale meat market. The market days are Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, but on other days there is generally a good supply of market commodities. The corn market is held on Thursdays. A new corn exchange was erected in 1893 at the East street entrance. The cattle market is held on a spacious inclosed piece of ground fitted with pens and stalls, adjoining the Tavistock road, with entrances from Rowe street and Granvilla street: the market days are Tuesday and Thursday, and there is a great market on the second Tuesday in every month. A large number of cattle, imported from Spain and France, as well as from Ireland, change hands in the Plymouth market. The market tolls are collected by the Corporation. There is also a fish market, and a wholesale fish market is maintained on the Barbican, Southside quay and on the margin of Sutton Pool, into which the fishing vessels and trawlers run when they have fish on board for sale. At Sutton harbour the new quay wall incloses a space on which a new fish market was erected in 1893—4, and the fish are now sold and packed undercover. The business sometimes done here, especially during the mackerel season, is very considerable, large quantities of fish being sent off by railway to the London, Bath, Bristol and Manchester markets; and since the opening of the Cornwall railway the quantity of fish dispatched is sometimes immense.

The fairs at Plymouth were formerly events of considerable importance, especially the October cloth fair, which was held in Old Town street, but these are now extinct. Various horticultural and other societies hold shows in the summer and autumn, chiefly in the Guildhall.

The general trade of the town is now chiefly concerned with imports for the-supply of the population of the western peninsula; the exports, however, include Dartmoor wool, china clay, and tin and copper ore. The manufactures are of some importance; that of chemicas manure is very considerable at Cattedown, the district bordering on the Cattewater harbour, and here are several large factories, in which over 500 persons are employed, i.e. those of Messrs. Burnard and Algor Limited, Messts.

J. Gibbs and Co. Limited, Messrs. C. Norrington and Co. and Mr. T. H. Harvey. The machinery is of a complex and costly character, and the latest mechanical appliances for increasing the output and facilitating the export of their produce have been adopted. In the summer of 1888 a new wharf and hydraulic cranes were completed on the Cattewater by Messrs. Burnard and Alger Limited. The import of nitrate of soda, from Chili, and of Peruvian guano, by the above firms, is also on a large scale. There are two soap factories, belonging to the Millbay Soap Co. and employing a number of hands; there are also very extensive saw mills, belonging to Messrs. R. and R. Bayly, of Sutton road, Plymouth, and Oreston; to Messrs. Fox; Eliott and Co. Limited and to Mr. E. M. Jewson, both of the Great Western docks, and all these are large importers of timber; there are also several ship and boat builders; in addition may be mentioned the large engineering and shipbuilding works of Messrs. Willoughby Brothers Lim. whose chief factory is in Rendle street, Plymouth, with a branch foundry in Phoenix street.

Stonehouse, and a shipbuilding and re-pairing yard at the Great Western: docks; the works of Messrs. Bickle and Co. Limited are also at the Great Western docks. The lead, paint and brass works of Messrs. James and Rosewall are in Octagon street. The important factory of Messrs. E. James and Sons, of Red Cross starch and Dome black lead fame, were established in 1840; the buildings cover a large area and are situated near the Great Western railway and Sutton harbour. There are also in Plymouth large tanneries and some flour mills, breweries and distilleries, amongst which the most noteworthy is the distillery of Messrs. Coates and Co. in Southside street, where the well-known” Plymouth gin” is manufactured.

In the town are several extensive printing offices: these include the offices of the “Western Morning News” Co. Limited, in George street, and those of the Western Newspaper Co. Limited, in Frankfort street. No daily papers being published in Cornwall, the Plymouth dailies have a wide circulation in that county: there are also weekly papers published at the same offices, viz. the “Western, Weekly News” and the “Western Weekly Mercury”; the “Western Independent” is also, extensively circulated in Devonshire and Cornwall, although published in Devonport. The “Naval and Military Record and Royal Dockyards Gazette” is published every Wednesday, by the “Western Morning News” Co. Limited, and is the only twopenny Service paper. The “Western Daily Mercury, “The Western Weekly Mercury,” “Western Evening Herald” and “Football Herald” are published by the Western Newspaper Co. Limited. The “Western Figaro,” a humorous illustrated weekly print, is the oldest established paper of its kind in the county, having been established in 1877. The “Church in the West,” a weekly record and review of Church work in the West of England, is published at Sydney street, Plymouth.

The town is well supplied with hotels. Opposite the Millbay terminus (Great Western railway), at the west end of the town, is the Duke of Cornwall hotel, a very fine building in the Italian Gothic style, erected by a limited liability company, and having a spacious coffee room, billiard and smoking rooms, and is fitted up in the most comfortable and artistic manner. In Lockyer street, within easy distance of the same station, is the Royal hotel, which, with the Theatre and Assembly Rooms, forms a spacious and effective group of buildings in the Classic style; the hotel, entered through a lofty pedimented portico, with four Ionic columns, has a ladies’ drawing room, spacious coffee-room and smoking and writing rooms. On the Hoe is the Grand hotel, which has an uninterrupted sea view. In. addition to these are the Albion, the Globe, Central, Lockyer, Chubb’s, Routly's Farley hotel, the Great Western hotel, and many others of lesser size and note.

The ancient portion of the town near the water-side is rapidly disappearing in consequence of the demand for improved dwellings and wide thoroughfares. One fine old double-gabled house, however, still remains in Notte street; it has a projecting canopy over the lower windows, on the first floor a long bay window extending across the whole front, and two smaller ones above; there are also several in St. Andrew's street, one or two in New street and Southside street, and a few others in Higher street. A small fragment of the ancient castle still remains, but the “Barbican” exists only as a name attached to one of the quays.

Charities and Charitable Institutions.-The most important is Kelway’s, amounting to £6,137; 3—34ths of the income of this charity is directed to be distributed amongst the donor’s relations, and the remainder to be applied in bringing up and apprenticing the children of such relations, or in default, children of Plymouth and Saltash. Other charities, producing about £110 yearly, are distributed in clothing, and there is also a sum of about £530 yearly for the support of almshouses and their inmates; the parish of St. Andrew has in addition £33 for distribution in bread, and the parish of Charles £64 for distribution in money and kind.

Joan Bennett Exhibitions.-Under a scheme for the management and regulation of Joan Bennett's Trust, directed by an Order in Council, dated the 17th day of November, 1888, exhibitions are open to boys of not more than nineteen years of age at the time of the award of such exhibition, being sons of residents in the Parliamentary Borough of Plymouth, and these exhibitions are awarded on the result of an examination held periodically at Plymouth to boys whose parents are, in the opinion of the governors, of limited means: each exhibition is of the annual value of £50, tenable for three years at any place of university education in the United Kingdom approved by the governors; Edmund Pridham, clerk and treasurer to the governors, Athenaeum chambers, Plymouth.

The Female Penitentiary and Home, Ebrington street, established in 1833, is supported by voluntary contributions, and managed by separate committees of ladies and gentlemen: there are now (1901) 18 inmates.

The Friendless Girls’ Help Association Office, Regent street, was established in 1880 for training friendless girls as servants; it is entirely dependent on voluntary contributions, and managed by an executive committee.

The Plymouth Girls’ Friendly Society Lodge, 1 Hill Park villas, is intended for young women in business and servants who require temporary lodgings while passing from one situation to another, and for strangers in Plymouth, who, from adverse circumstances, require the protection and shelter of a temporary home.

The Girls’ Industrial School is at 13 and 14 Portland villas.

The Devon and Cornwall Female Orphan Asylum, in Lockyer street, is a substantial building, erected in Feb. 1834, for educating and training female orphans and other poor children with a view to their employment as domestic servants; it is supported by voluntary contributions, and has generally about fifty inmates.

The Plymouth Mendicity Society was founded in 1870, for granting relief to the poor, to wayfarers and other indigent persons, and for the distribution of clothes and materials; but all cases proper to be dealt with under the Poor Law system are at once referred to the Board of Guardians and their relieving officers, and such as appear to come within the scope of any local charity are referred accordingly; the operations of the society are directed by a committee of thirteen persons, who meet every Thursday at the office, 1 Finewell street, at 3.30 p.m.

The South Devon and Cornwall Institution, in the Tavistock road, first founded in 1860, in Coburg street and afterwards removed to its present locality, is for the instruction and employment of the blind, and is supported by voluntary contributions. The present building was erected in 1876, from designs by Mr. H. J. Snell, and a new wing was added in 1892. The inmates, now about 50 in number, manufacture large quantities of basket work, door mats, brushes and similar articles, and the workshops are open daily for public inspection, from 10 to 5. The institution is managed by a committee of 22 members. There is also a certified school for blind children under the control of the Board of Education.

The Orphans’ Aid Charity, 10 Regent street, was established in 1617, and has a yearly income of £40, derived from house property, and about £11,000 £2 ¾ Consolidated Stock: the boys attend the Plymouth Public school; Mr. Edmund Pridham, Athenaeum chambers, is clerk and treasurer.

Hospitals.-The South Devon and East Cornwall Hospital, pleasantly situated in Greenbank road, on rising ground, commanding good views of the Sound, was established in 1840; the present hospital, erected at a cost of about £40,000, is a building of native limestone, in the Renaissance style, from designs by Mr. H.E. Coe, architect, Of London, consisting of five blocks united by covered corridors, porter's lodge, mortuary, post-mortem rooms and carriage shed. The administrative portion contains committee, consulting and operating rooms, surgery, dispensary, out-patients’ waiting room, library &c. The east wing is assigned to women and children, the centre to men, and the west wing is reserved for cases of accident; and near the latter is an annexe for infectious cases. On the north side is the nurses’ institute, occupied by trained nurses, who may be sent out to various parts of the counties as required. There are beds for 168 patients, and space is left for doubling the size of the west wing if necessary. The “John Hay wing” was added in 1897, from designs by Messrs. Hine and Odgers, architects, through the munificence of Miss Hains, of Alton terrace, a relative of the late Mr. John Hay, who gave the sum of £20,000 for its erection and endowment. The wing is built chiefly of limestone, with Portland stone dressings, two stories in height and comprises two large and two small wards, containing altogether 38 beds. In 1900 there were 1,282 in-patients and 2,654 out-patients who visited the hospital 9,178 times.

The Royal Eye Infirmary, first established in Dec. 1821, has been rebuilt on a new site near Mutley station, at a cost, including furnishing, of £16,568, and is of red brick in an Italianised style, from designs by Messrs. King and Lester, architects, and provide 30 beds; about 1,500 patients are treated annually. The institution is managed by a committee consisting of the officers, ex-officio, and 18 other members.

The Devon and Cornwall Ear and Throat Hospital, North street, established in 1886 for the reception and medical treatment of necessitous persons, both as in and out patients, is supported chiefly by voluntary contributions; about one-third of the total expenditure being met by contributions from the patients; the hospital is available for 3 male and 3 female in-patients, who are admitted on payment of 10s. 6d. weekly, or on guarantee.

The Dental Hospital, Bank Street chambers. Bank street, was established in 1862; the average number of patients is about 2,500.

The Homoeopathic Dispensary is in Lockyer street.

The Plymouth, Devonport and Stonehouse Provident Medical Association was established in 1869.

The Public Dispensary, St. Catherine street, established in 1798, is a substantial building of stone in the Greek Classic style, and has consulting rooms for the medical officers, waiting rooms for patients and residence for the matron; it is chiefly supported by voluntary subscriptions, but there is also a Provident Department. During the year ending Aug. 31, 1900, 2,450 patients were discharged cured or relieved, 624 discharged for re-admission, 88 died, and 307 remained under care, 768 of the whole being visited at their own homes; there were also 667 members in the Provident department: the committee consists of a numerous body of ex-officio elected and subscribing members.

The Pearn Convalescent Home, Compton Leigh, opened 6 May, 1895, under the will of the late Mr. Edwin Alonzo Pearn, received during the year ending June 30, 1896, 176 male and 192 female patients. This institution provides means for the complete restoration of sick poor who have been under treatment in the hospitals, as well as a pleasant retreat for overworked nurses, and from July 1, 1899 to June 30, 1900, 262 nurses visited the Home for rest and refreshment, and 472 patients were admitted. The founder also conveyed to a body of six trustees securities, to the value of £34,005, for the endowment of the Home, and he died 10 Dec. 1893.

Eminent Natives.-Among distinguished natives of Plymouth may be mentioned the following; John Baron, nonconformist, divine and author, d. 1683; Jacob Bryant, classical mythologist (1715—1804); Noel Thomas Carrington, schoolmaster and poet (1777—1830); Capt. Cock, a commander in the engagement with the Spanish Armada; Thomas Crane, nonconformist divine and author, b. 1630; Sir Charles Lock Eastlake kt. P.R.A. (1793—1865); Sir Thomas Edmondes kt. diplomatist (1562—1639); Joseph Glanvil M.A. (Oxon), F.R.S, rector of Bath Abbey, prebendary of Worcester, and chaplain to Charles II. (1636—80); Sir William Snow Harris kt. surgeon, physicist and electrician (1792—1867); Solomon Alexander Hart R.A. 1806—81); Sir John Hawkins kt. naval commander, rear-admiral in the fleet against the Armada (1520—95); Sir Richard Hawkins kt. son of preceding, naval commander (1560—1622); Benjamin Robert Haydon, historical painter (1786—1846); Jonathan Hoarder, blind electrician (1810—76); John Kitto D.D. biblical writer (1804—54); William Elford Leach, naturalist, and curator at the British Museum (1790—1836); James Northcote R.A. (1746—1831); Mrs. Parsons, novelist; Samuel Prout F.S.A, painter in water colours (1783—1852); John Quick, Puritan divine (1636—1700); William Wilford, naval commander, d. 1414; and Dr. James Yonge F.R.S. (1647—1721).

The Hoe Park, or that portion nearest the town, is a grassy lawn of considerable extent, with plantations of trees and shrubs. At the north-west comer is the principal entrance, and a lodge now used by the police. Near the centre of the promenade is a small octagonal “Camera Obscura,” where, for a small charge, the panorama of the whole of the surrounding scenery may be witnessed in miniature. Outside this is a raised platform, and a flagstaff in front of which is a series of turfed galleries, with a wide arena beneath, called “The Bull Ring.”

The Eastern Hoe extends from the site of the ancient Trinity obelisk (now occupied by the re-erected Smeaton Lighthouse) towards Lambhay Point, taking in the ladies’ bathing place, and includes the ground on which the citadel is built. The Western Hoe extends from the pebble beach, near the flag-staff, to the Millbay pier.

A spacious iron pier, intended to serve also as a promenade and landing-place, has, after many vicissitudes, been completed from designs by Mr. E. Birch, of London, at a cost of £45,000, and was opened to the public May 29, 1884: it is between 400 feet and 500 feet in length, and is built on iron columns embedded in the solid rock: at the entrance the width is 130 feet, narrowing gradually to 60 feet and again extending at its seaward extremity to 190 feet; here a handsome wind-screen has been erected, with a projecting roof, forming a verandah on either side and inclosing a space of 120 feet by 109 feet: on the pier are also refreshment rooms, a bookstall, reading-room, and a room occupied by the Promenade Pier Private club, besides lavatories; good landing accommodation for steamers is provided at any state of the tide, and landing piers have also been constructed: in 1891 a pavilion and promenade were added, and these are now managed by a limited company. The West Hoe pier, a stone structure, was formerly the starting place for passenger steamers, but these now start from the promenade pier. The site of the old quarry has been laid out for building purposes, in accordance with designs prepared by Mr. Herbert A. K. Grabble, architect of London.

The Citadel of Plymouth, a fortification on the South Headland, which extends from the western side of Sutton Pool into the Sound at the entrance of Cattewater, was erected on the site of an older fort, by order of Charles H. who personally inspected it in 1670: it is built chiefly of limestone and granite, and consists of three regular and two irregular bastions, the curtains of the former being strengthened with ravelins and hornworks: the east, west and north sides are circumscribed by a deep ditch, counterscarp and covered way, palisaded, and the south side is defended by a lower fort constructed upon rocks on the shore, and chiefly intended to defend the Sound: cannon are mounted both on this fort and the upper parapets, where there are embrasures for 120 pieces: two gateways, with drawbridges, form the entrance from the town; the inner gateway is a structure of two stages in the Italian style, relieved by pilasters of the Ionic order; the upper portion is finished with a frieze, bearing the date 1670, and a semicircular pediment, adorned with figures and ornament: in the centre of the Citadel is a spacious esplanade for the exercise of the troops, and around it are the officers’ houses, a chapel, magazine and barracks: on the esplanade is a statue of George II. and from the ramparts, which are three-quarters of a mile in circuit, the-views, seaward as well as inland, are extensive and beautiful. Fortifications covering fourteen miles of ground have-been constructed around the Three Towns at a vast expense, with a view to secure the Government arsenals from attacks either by land or sea. The massive structure immediately opposite the end of the Breakwater is “Bovisand” fort, which, with one somewhat similar at Picklecombe, on the other side of the Sound, form the two outer extremities of the line of defence for the protection of the port, the Breakwater fort lying midway between. The Bovisand fort is for guns of the heaviest calibre, and the masonry is of immense thickness. Beyond the fort is Bovisand bay, possessing one of the finest beaches in the neighbourhood, and around it are groups of houses and cottages, a coast-guard station, and barrack accommodation for artillerymen. The government reservoir at Bovisand is of great utility in supplying the vessels of the navy with water, which is conveyed some distance in iron pipes to the pier at Staddon Point, where the tenders, are moored. From the Bovisand, roads extend along the-whole of the Staddon Heights to Mount Batten end Turnchapel: these heights occupy a most commanding position, upon which the War Department has constructed a lino of fortifications of considerable magnitude.

Plymouth Hoe, situated on the south or seaward side of the town, west of the citadel, is an elevated expanse of more than 18 acres, formed in the year 1817, the cost being defrayed by public subscription. The Hoe proper consists of a series of grassy slopes, surrounded by a spacious promenade nearly half-a-mile in length, extending from the citadel boundaries on the east to the West Hoe quarries on the west, and intersected by numerous paths leading to the lower grounds. At the foot of this eminence is a drive, and connected with it are paths leading to the rocks and the landing steps.

The Armada Memorial, erected at a cost of about £2,000, to commemorate the tercentenary of the defeat of the Spanish Armada, stands on the Hoe; the foundation stone was laid on Thursday, July 19, 1888, by H. J, Waring esq. mayor, in the presence of eleven mayors of towns in Devon and Cornwall, county and borough magistrates, and a great concourse of people; subsequently there was an historical pageant, with tableaux on the Hoe, and a banquet at the Guildhall, and a large and valuable collection of relics of the Armada and its period, portraits of distinguished men of that age, and coins and medals, was arranged in the Western Law Courts. The design was furnished by Mr. Herbert A. K. Gribble, architect, of London, and the sculptured work was executed by Mr. W. Charles May, of Hampstead: the figure of Britannia, which crowns the work, was unveiled by H.R.H, the late Duke of Edinburgh K.G. acting for the late Queen Victoria, on 21 October, 1890.

The Hoe is especially famous in the naval history of this country: it was the starting point of the daring enterprises led by Drake, Hawkins, Raleigh, Cavendish, Vancouver, Oxehham and Cook, and here assembled, on the 19th July, 1588, under Lord Howard of Effingham, that little fleet of 120 sail, which so signally defeated and dispersed the “Invincible Armada” of Spain. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from hence in the “May Flower.” The Rev. Charles Kingsley, in his “Westward Ho.” has laid the scene of one of his finest passages on and near the Hoe. A fine statue of Sir Francis Drake, executed by the late Sir E. J. Boehm R.A. at the cost of Francis, 9th Duke of Bedford K.G. was placed on the Hoe, and unveiled on the 14th February, 1884: it represents the great navigator standing near a globe supported on a tripod frame, which he is lightly touching with a pair of compasses held in the left hand. Smeaton’s lighthouse, removed from the Eddystone reef, and presented to the Corporation by the Trinity Board, has been re-erected here, on the site of the former obelisk. In the Hoe Park is a memorial fountain, presented by Mr. Charles Nonington J.P. and a stand, erected by the Corporation for the use of the military bands performing here. The principal approach is by the lodge entrance at the top of Lockyer street, and there are other entrances for foot passengers: at the east end of the promenade is a fine pillared gateway, built by Mr. Edmund Lockyer, during his mayoralty in 1821.

Plymouth Breakwater, situated about miles from the Hoe, was commenced on the 12th of April, 1812, from plans furnished to the Admiralty by Messrs. Rennie and Whidbey, the former an eminent engineer, and the latter a master in the navy, and is mainly constructed of native limestone, the cost up to the present time being variously estimated at from £1,500,000 to £2,000,000. In the original design it was contemplated to have a lighthouse at each extremity, but the erection of a beacon at the eastern end has up to the present time been deemed sufficient. The lighthouse at the south-western entrance, erected in 1843, is 68 feet high from the surface of the breakwater, and is divided into five floors, and its light can be seen seawards on most occasions for about 10 miles; the entrance from the Channel is 3 miles wide, and is bounded by a part of Cornwall, including Mount Edgcumbe, on the west, and by the coast of Devonshire on the north and north-east. The centre line of the breakwater is 3,000 feet long, from either extremity of which an arm or cant, 1,050 feet in length, runs off towards the shore at an angle of 120 degrees. Three faces are thus presented to the sea, which has the effect of promoting the regular flow of currents, and preventing the eddies which would naturally be caused by one straight unbroken line, while the force of the waves is correspondingly weakened. Being placed in the centre of the passage, it admits of two entrances for vessels, from the east as well as the south, and the total length is about a mile: above 200 sail have taken refuge under its lee in the Sound at one time. It is estimated that at least 4,000,000 tons of stone have been deposited here, and in addition to this enormous bulk, some two and a half millions cubic feet of granite and other stone have been employed in the paving and facings, all of which came from the immediate neighbourhood of Plymouth.

The Royal Western Yacht Club of England was established in 1827; the club house, a fine building situated on the Hoe, commands a magnificent view of the sea, and contains reading, writing, card, smoking and coffee rooms; also a very good library and two billiard rooms: the annual regatta of the club generally takes place in or about the month of August. Commodore,; vice-commodore, Rear-Admiral J. H. Bainbridge; rear-commodore, E. B. Beauchamp esq.; Capt. H. Houlditch, secretary; entrance fee, £7 7s.; yearly subscription, £5.

The Royal South-Western Yacht Club, which, has its headquarters at Plymouth, was established in 1890, and the club house is in the West Hoe road. Capt. J. H. Bainbridge R.N. commodore; E. B. Beauchamp esq. vice-commodore; Lieut.-Col. E. G. Wilkinson R.M.L.I. rear-commolore; Bernard Townshend esq. hon. sec.; entrance fee, £1 1s.; yearly subscription, £2 2s.

Promenade Pier Private Club was opened in 1898.

Horse races take place on “Chelson Meadow,” a spacious turfed area, belonging to the Earl of Morley, and adjacent to Saltram, his lordship’s seat, on the margin of the Laira, on the outskirts of the borough, and reached by the Laira bridge. The meeting is usually held in August or September.

The Eddystone Lighthouse, standing on a dangerous reef about 14 miles distant from Plymouth, dates from 1696, the first structure having been begun in that year by Mr. Henry Winstanley, a mercer and country gentleman of Littlebury, Essex; this was a hexagonal tower of wood of six stages, and the light was first shown on the 14th November, 1698, but the structure was totally destroyed in a great storm during the night of the 26th November, 1703, and with it perished its ingenious constructor. In 1706 the Trinity House obtained an Act of Parliament for the erection of a new lighthouse, under the direction of John Rudyerd, a Cornish man, and also a mercer, but possessed of considerable genius; this building consisted of a circular wooden tower, tapering upwards, with a base of 23 feet 4 inches, and a height of 92 feet from the lowest side to the top of the lantern, and stood until 2nd December, 1755, when it was burnt down. The third lighthouse, built from the designs of John Smeaton, the famous engineer, was begun on the 3rd August, 1756, and on the 17th August, 1759, Smeaton fixed with his own hands the gilt ball on its summit, and the light was first exhibited on 16th October, 1759: this edifice, constructed of stone, successfully withstood the most violent tempests known to the south-western coasts, and in particular the terrific storm of 11th and 12th January, 1762, by which more than £80,000 worth of damage was done in Plymouth Harbour and Sound: the tower of Smeaton’s lighthouse terminated in a gallery within which rose the lantern, the whole being 72 feet above high-water mark. For some years previous to 1877 the lighthouse keepers had experienced alarming tremors and oscillations in the building, and on careful inspection it was found that not the lighthouse, but the rock on which it stood, had at length become insecure. It was therefore determined to erect another lighthouse on a fresh site at a distance of 40 yards from the old one in a S.S.E. direction, for which designs were prepared by Mr. J. N. Douglass, engineer-in-chief of the Trinity House; the first landing on the rock was made on the 17th July, 1878, but the construction of the coffer-dam was a work of great danger and trouble, so that the work had often to be suspended, especially and entirely during the winter of 1878; the first landing in the next year took place on the 24th February, 1879, and the coffer-dam was completed by the ensuing July. On the 21st of that month, H.M. King Edward VII. then the Prince of Wales and H.R.H, the late Duke of Edinburgh came to Plymouth to lay the foundation stone of the new building, but the weather being very stormy, the attempt could not be made; on the 19th August in the same year, their Royal Highnesses again visited the town, accompanied by the Elder Brethren of the Trinity Corporation, and, attended by the Corporations of Plymouth and Devonport, proceeded to the Eddystone and successfully performed the ceremony; on the 1st of June, 1881, H.R.H, the late Duke of Edinburgh laid the top stone of the tower, and on the 18th May, 1882, formally lighted the lantern; the tower of the new structure consists of 2,171 granite blocks, containing 63,020 cubic feet, or 4,668 tons of masonry; the total height above high-water mark is 133 feet, the base to a height of 25 ½ feet being solid, with the exception of a large water tank let into it; above this is the entrance, and then follow in order oil room, store and coal room, crane and store room, living room, low light room, bedroom, service room, and lastly the lantern; all the rooms, nine in number, have domed ceilings, the height of each one from the floor to the apex of the ceiling being 9 feet 9 inches, and the diameter of each is 14 feet, with the exception of the lower oil room, which is 12 feet 9 inches, and the entrance room, which is 11 feet 6 inches; the windows have gun-metal framings; three men are constantly kept at the lighthouse, each (during the night) taking a watch of four hours alternately; the light is a white double flashing half-minute light, showing two successive flashes of about 2 ½ seconds’ duration divided by an eclipse of about four seconds, the second flash being followed by an eclipse of about 21 seconds. A fixed white subsidiary light from a window below the flashing light shows the Hand Deeps and extends over a sector of 16 degrees, from S. 32 E. to S. 48 E. During thick and foggy weather a large bell is sounded twice in quick succession every half-minute, assimilating the character of the sound signal to that of the light. The range of visibility of the new light is 17 ½ miles, as compared with Smeaton’s of 14 miles. With the consent of the Trinity Corporation and the Municipality of Plymouth, Smeaton’s lighthouse has been rebuilt on the Hoe, on the site of the obelisk, the former body undertaking the labour and cost of removal at an almost nominal charge; and the first stone was re-laid on the Hoe on the 20th October, 1882, by H.R.H, the late Duke of Edinburgh, who was accompanied by the Duchess, the Corporations of Plymouth, Devonport and Exeter being also present; a small charge is made for its inspection. An excellent model of the new lighthouse was made out of a piece of the rock the new lighthouse now stands on, and presented to H.R.H. The Duchess of Edinburgh by Mr. J. Goad, of the firm of Messrs. J. and E. Goad, marble merchants, Plymouth.

The area of the borough (including the 1896—7—8 extensions) is now 2,533 acres; the rateable value in 1901 was £456,357. The population of the Municipal borough in 1871 was 68,758, in 1881 73,794, in 1891 84,252, in 1896 98,121, and in 1901 was 107,509, which is co-extensive with the Parliamentary borough. Included in the 1891 population were 16 officers and 565 in the Workhouse, 143 in the South Devon and East Cornwall Hospital, 70 in H.M. Prison, 89 in the Military Fortress, Drake’s Island, 348 in Millbay Barracks, 612 in the Citadel Barracks, and 796 on four of H.M. ships.

The population of the ecclesiastical parishes in 1891 was:-St. Andrew (parish church), 10,900; King Charles the Martyr, 11,795; Saints, 6,778; Christ Church, 6,276; Holy Trinity, 4,822; St. James the Less, 5,978; St. John the Evangelist, Sutton-on-Plym, 7,206; St. Jude, 7,827; St. Luke, 3,342; St. Matthias, 4,456; St. Peter, 11,785; St. Saviour, 2,777.

The number of electors on the parliamentary register in 1901 was 13,877.

Chelson Meadow, on the margin of the Laira, contains the race-course.

There are Baptist and Wesleyan Methodist chapels.

The population of St. James the Great ecclesiastical parish in 1891 was 10,676, and of St. Mark, Ford, 6,621.

GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHMENTS

The Royal Devonport Dockyard, so named by Her Majesty’s command on the occasion of the visit of the Queen and Prince Albert in 1843, lies on the west of Devonport, and is inclosed on the side towards the Hamoaze by a semicircular wharf wall of more than 1,160 yards in length: it is also separated from the town by a high wall, with an entrance into Fore street, and comprises an area of more than 70 acres. An important extension scheme has been provided for in the recent “Naval Works’ Act,” by which three additional large docks and one of smaller size, together with two great basins, the whole covering about 44 acres, are to be provided at an estimated cost of over £2,000,000, and will occupy about 10 years in construction. Mr. Whateley Eliot is superintending civil engineer. The Dockyard gives employment to nearly 9,000 men, employed as shipwrights, caulkers, joiners, smiths, sawyers, rope makers, machinists, painters, riggers, sail makers and labourers. Besides the ships of war building, or under repair, the docks, rope house and smithery, with their various mechanical appliances, are always objects of interest to the visitor, as are also the guard ship and vessels in steam reserve.

The Dockyard chapel within the yard, for the use of the officers and men of that establishment, is a plain building of limestone, with a tower containing 6 bells, all cast by Pennington, of Lezant, Cornwall, in 1770, and has 1,200 sittings.

North of the Dockyard, and entered from Queen street, is the Gun Wharf, first laid out in 1718, and now occupying an area of nearly 21 acres; it contains officers’ houses, a naval ordnance depot, erected in 1892, an armoury, store houses and piles of shot, gun-carriages and other implements of war.

Beyond the Gun Wharf is Keyham steam yard, established by the late Lord Auckland, when First Lord of the Admiralty, in 1846; it occupies nearly the entire water frontage of Morice Town, and extends over more than 100 acres; it contains, besides extensive smitheries and workshops for engineers and others employed in the repair or fitting of steam vessels, some of the largest and finest granite-built basins and docks in the country, one of these, the Queen’s dock, being 418 feet in length. The entrances to the basin and the docks are secured by iron caissons, which cost about £4,500 each.

The two dockyards are under the supervision of an admiral-superintendent, and connected by means of a tunnel, constructed in 1854, passing under the streets between the Dockyard and Gun Wharf, and thence under Moon street to the Keyham yard; the three great establishments and also the Naval barracks being thus connected, stores and other material can be speedily conveyed: from one to the other. The sum paid annually in wages to the artificers of all classes, in the two dockyards, is about £340,000. The Dockyards comprise together an area of 180 acres and present a magnificent river frontage to the Hamoaze. All the ships forming the Western Division of the Channel Squadron, as well as many others, refit and repair at these docks, and every branch of naval construction is in full operation in their spacious factories and workshops. There is also a very extensive Government Ropery and Sail Factory, in which 150 females are employed.

To the north of Keyham yard are the new Naval Barracks, connected with H.M.S. Vivid, and forming a general depot for seamen and stokers whilst undergoing the qualifying course and waiting their turn for sea service; the buildings, completed in 1886, are constructed of local hard limestone with portland stone dressings, and comprise two blocks for seamen and stokers and two blocks for officers' quarters, with guard house, store house, laundry and drill shed: additional buildings are now (1901) in course of erection, which, when completed, will accommodate 2,000 men and 100 commissioned officers, and will include an infirmary: the grounds are laid out as parade, cricket and tennis grounds: the work is being carried out under the direction of Munro Wilson esq. and the estimated cost amounts to about £170,000.

In the Hamoaze, or harbour, in front of the yards, and up to Bull Point, are moored ships of war not in commission or on active service, besides a large number of torpedo-boat destroyers. Moorings are laid down by the Admiralty from the Dockyard to the confluence of the Lynher and Tamar, a distance of about 3 miles.

The Royal Naval Engineer Students’ College, at the northern end of Keyham yard, adjoining the officers’ quarters, is a large and handsome building of limestone and Portland stone, with a frontage of 200 feet. It affords room for 200 students. The total cost of this college is about £16,000 yearly, of which about £8,000 is contributed by the students.

The Royal William Victualling Yard, situated at the south-western point of Stonehouse, on what was formerly called “Cremyll Point,” was begun in 1826, and completed in 1835: the entire premises comprise an extent of 13 acres, of which about 6 acres were recovered from the sea: it is estimated that in its construction no less than 300,000 tons of rock were displaced. The works were executed by the contractor, Hugh McIntosh, under the superintendence of Sir John Rennie and Philip Richards esq. at a cost of above two millions sterling. The gateway forming the entrance on the land side is in the Graeco-Roman style and is ornamented with appropriate emblems and surmounted by a statue of King William IV. The general facing of the buildings is of wrought limestone; but the plinth throughout, as well as the dressings, cornices and architraves, in the principal fronts, are of granite: the door and window frames are of cast iron, as are the internal columns of the warehouses, and the girders and lintels of the cooperage; several of the stores are also roofed with iron. The arrangements for grinding and baking are very complete: the grinding apparatus includes 34 pairs of millstones, and is capable of grinding above 1,000 bushels of corn in 10 hours: the meal or flour is passed from one part of the building to another, mixed, kneaded, cut into biscuits, and deposited in the ovens by machinery: the slaughter-house is of sufficient extent to admit of the killing of from 70 to 80 head of cattle at once: the weighing and salting houses are equally capacious. The storehouses and workshops are extensive and admirably arranged. The clock in the central tower, by Mr. Vulliamy, is an elaborate and accurate machine, with a pendulum 14 feet in length, and consisting of a teak-wood rod supporting a ball weighing nearly 2 ½ cwt. and vibrating once in 2” in an are of from 3° to 3° 30' from the zero point of rest: the escapement wheel revolves once in 4, with a perfectly dead beat, and has 60 steel pins or teeth operating on steel pallets: the clock is composed of 1,393 pieces. The yard is in the charge of the superintendent and a staff of officers, and about 130 men are regularly employed. The western portion of the victualling yard, consisting of about 3 acres, was in 1891 transferred to the New Naval Ordnance Department. Extensive repairing shops have been erected, fitted with machinery of the latest pattern and with various labour-saving appliances, powerful steam and hydraulic cranes and lifts, both on the wharf and in the stores, are in constant use, and a tramway facilitates the movement of the heavy stores. The lower floor of the buildings of this department is used for the storage of sponges, rammers, carriages &c.: the centre floor contains the armoury, in which about 9,000 rifles, besides pistols, cutlasses and boarding pikes are kept ready for immediate use. Machine and quick-firing guns are also kept on this floor, the average number being nearly 500. The upper floors are filled with a miscellaneous assortment of stores in great variety. In the shot yard are stacked piles of heavy shot, the total weight of which usually amounts to about 5,000 tons. The weight of the ordnance stores contained generally in these buildings is about 14,000 tons, and they comprise about 12,000 different kinds of articles. The value of the stock (including the combustibles and explosive stores at Bull Point) may be taken at about £2,500,000. The water close to the victualling yard is of sufficient depth for vessels of heavy burthen to come alongside to receive cargoes. Fresh water is supplied by the Plymouth Corporation, from an extensive reservoir in the field adjoining the yard.

Devonport is the seat of a naval command, and the Commander-in-Chief, or Port Admiral, has a residence, known as “Admiralty House,” on Mount Wise, a fine, open and elevated parade ground on the south side of the town, and commanding extensive views seaward, as well as a great part of the harbour; the spot derives its name from Sir Thomas Wise kt. a former lord of the manor, who built a house here. The offices are in direct communication, by telegraph, with the Admiralty in London. There is a semaphore or telegraph station on an eminence near the admiral’s house, from which ships in the harbour, or passing up or down the channel within sight of the coast, may be signalled. Pigeons are officially maintained and trained, to be placed on board ships of war on service, for conveyance of messages.

The military Commander-in-Chief for the Western district of England, which includes the counties of Brecknock, Cardigan, Carmarthen, Cornwall, Devon, Glamorgan, Gloucester, Monmouth, Montgomery, Pembroke, Radnor and Somerset, as well as Haverfordwest, has also a residence, called “Government House,” with offices, on Mount Wise, Devonport being the seat of the command. At the rear of Government House is the Mount Wise parade, on which the troops are exercised, but on account of the rather limited space the annual reviews are now held in Devonport Lines, locally known as The Brickfields. Besides the citadel there are two batteries and barracks. The powder magazine, formerly at Kinterbury, about 1 ½ miles from the town, is now at Bull Point, nearly 4 miles up the Tamar.

The barracks, sometimes containing upwards of 2,000 troops, are arranged in several distinct blocks, the Artillery barracks being on the north of the town, the Raglan barracks on the east, next “The Lines,” and George’s Square barracks south-east, besides other barracks near Mount Wise; the Raglan barracks, the principal entrance to which is from the military road in “The Lines,” nearly inclose a spacious parade ground, and are built in a simple Italian style; the officers’ mess-room is a lofty and spacious apartment, with an orchestra at one end.

The Citadel church, Plymouth, for the use of the garrison, is a plain building of stone, consisting of nave and transepts, and has sittings for about 500 persons. The, Rev. Alfred Malim M.A. of Jesus College, Cambridge, and chaplain to the forces at Devonport since 1900, officiates.

The Garrison church, in Cumberland street, Devonport, is an edifice of brick and hewn stone and adjoins the extensive barracks: there are 1,000 sittings.

The Plymouth division of Royal Marines, comprising 8 companies, has its head quarters at Stonehouse.

The Royal Marine Barracks, built in. 1784, and occupying an area of about 13 acres, are situated at the back of Durnford street, and between it and Millbay, and are available for about 1,500 men; they are built in a plain Italian style, and have a lofty pedimented entrance, with three archways; residences for the commandant and officers, with offices, are attached: the central square forms a parade, where the Royal Marine band frequently performs, and in which the marines and recruits drill.

Beyond the Royal Marine Barracks, in a southerly direction, is the Long-room, formerly a public assembly-room and promenade, but now Government property, and used as a dispensary for marines.

The Admiralty School, in the Millbay road, Stonehouse, for the girls and infants, children of the marines, is a fine building of stone in the Gothic style, established by the Government in the year 1871; the boys' school is in the Longroom, Stonehouse.

The Royal Military Hospital, Stoke, adjacent to the open” lines,” on the margin of the Stonehouse Pool, was built in 1797, and has a colonnade of 41 arches, forming a fine promenade for the sick; the hospital is available for 286 patients.

The Royal Naval Hospital, to the north of Stonehouse, and near the Pool or Lake, is directly opposite to the Royal Military Hospital, but on the Stonehouse side of the water: it was built in 1762, for the reception of seamen and marines, and occupies an area of 24 acres; from 600 to 700 patients can be received here, and there are residences for the various officers, surgeons and chaplains.

ARMY

Western District.

Comprising Brecknockshire, Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Cornwall, Devonshire, Glamorganshire, Gloucestershire, Haverfordwest, Monmouthshire, Montgomeryshire, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire & Somerset.

Head Quarters Staff & Heads of Departments’ Offices, Devonport.

VOLUNTEERS

2nd Devonshire Volunteer Artillery, Western Division, Royal Garrison Artillery.

(Comprising 10 Companies).

Head quarters, 14 Paradise place, Stoke, Devonport.

2nd (Prince of Wales’s) Volunteer Battalion Devonshire Regiment.

(Comprising A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L & M Companies.)

EAST STONEHOUSE URBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL. Offices, Town hall.

Meetings are held on the 2nd Tuesday in each month at 7 p.m.

Chairman, Samuel Panter.

Deputy Chairman, William Henry Potter Everett. Retire in April, 1902.

The following places are comprised in the county court district: —Brixton, Batten, Battisboro' Cross, Beaconsfield, Bickleigh, Billacombe, Bovisand, Bull Point, Cadleigh Park, Camel’s Head, Can Quarry, Cattedown, Colebrook, Compton Gifford, Cornwood, Coyten, Crabtree, Creacombe, Devonport, Down Thomas, Dunstan, East Stonehouse, Egg Buckland, Elburton, Ermington, Ernesettle, Flete, Ford, Gabber, Git, Greatlands, Hanger Down, Hareston, Harford, Heath Down, Hemerdon, Higher Keaton, Holbeton, Hooe, Ivybridge, Keyham, Kings Tamerton, Knackersknowle, Knighton, Laira, Lee Mill Bridge, Lee Moor, Lipson, Longbridge, Longbrook, Longlands, Lower Keaton, Luton, Lyneham, Mannamead, Marsh Mills, Milehouse, Millbay, Monkwell, Morice Town, Morley Qay Works, Mothecombe, Mount Batten, Mount Folly, Mount Pleasant, Mutley, Newton Ferrers, Nithecombe, Noss, Oreston, Pennycomequick, Pennycross, Penquit, Plymouth, Plympton St. Maurice, Plympton St. Mary, Plymstock, Pomphlete, Revelstoke, Ridgway, Riverford, Roborough, Rook, Saltash Passage, Saltram, Shaugh, Sparkwell, Spriddlestone, Staddiscombe, St. Budeaux, Stoke Damerel, Stony Bridge, Tamerton Folliott, Turnchapel, Underwood, Venton, Warleigh, Wembury, Westlake, Weston Peveril, Woodlands, Yealm Bridge, Yealmpton, Yeo.

Places in Cornwall:-Antony, Antony Passage, Botus Fleming, Burraton, Cargreen, Cawsand, Crafthole, Cremyl, Erth, Forder, Hatt, Kingsand, King’s Mill, Landrake, Landulph, Maker, Millbrook, Painters Cross, Pillaton, Portwrincle, Rame, Saltash, Sheviock. St. Erney, St. John’s, St. Mellion, St. Stephen’s, Torpoint, Tregantle, Trematon, Trevol, Trewin, Wilcove, Wootton Cross.

PUBLIC HALLS &c

Assembly Rooms, George st. Plymouth, Sami. Pearse. propr.

Devonport Public Hall, Fore street, Devonport, Thomas Whitby, hon. sec.

St. James’ Hall, 108 Union street, P. George Wyatt, mgr.

Foresters’ Hall, The Octagon, Union street, Plymouth.

Lecture Hall, Granby street, Devonport.

Masonic Hall, Phoenix place, East Stonehouse.

Odd Fellows’ Hall, Ker street, Devonport, William Band, caretaker.

Odd Fellows' Hall, Morley street, Plymouth, John Hayne Pillar, sec.

Odd Fellows’ Hall, 148 Union street, Plymouth.

Stoke Public Hall, Tavistock road, Stoke, John Lisle, caretaker.

Temperance Hall, Fore st. Devonport, Rd. Trenhaile, mgr.

THEATRES &c

Grand Theatre, Union street, Stonehouse, The County Theatres & Hotels Limited, proprietors.

New Palace Theatre of Varieties, The County Theatres & Hotels Limited, proprietors, Union street, Plymouth; Livermore Bros, lessees; Edwin James Dexter, mangr.

Theatre Metropole, Tavistock street, Devonport, Arthur Carlton, lessee.

Theatre Royal, George street, Plymouth, Charles F. Williams, lessee & manager.

BATHS

Public Baths & Washhouses, Hoegate street, Plymouth, William Jollow, lessee.

Turkish, Union street, Plymouth.

FIRE ENGINE STATIONS

Steamer, Central Police office, Guildhall square.

Manual, Guildhall, J. D. Sowerby, superintendent.

Hose Reels, The Hoe; Octagon; Avenue, Barbican; Keppel cottages, Stoke, Mutley; Providence street, Oxford street, The Workhouse, Compton; Laira; Station road & Central Station.

Fire Brigade Station, Ferry road, Morice Town.

Stonehouse Urban District Council, adjoining Police Station, George place, W. W. Blight, captain.

Royal Naval Hospital & Marine Barracks, East Stonehouse.

CLUBS

Devonport Conservative & Unionist Club Lim. 7 Fore street, Devonport, George Badcock, sec.

Plymouth Limited, 1 Windsor terrace, Plymouth, F. C. Willoughby, sec.

Plymouth Conservative Limited, 23 Princess square, Plymouth, John G. Jackson, hon. sec.

Plymouth & Western Counties Liberal, 13 Bedford street, Plymouth, Albert E. H. Webb, sec.

Plymouth Masonic, 1 Princess square, Plymouth, George Fisher, steward; William Henry Dillon, sec.

Royal Plymouth Corinthian Yacht.

Royal South Western Yacht, West Hoe road, Bernard Townshend, esq. hon. sec.

Royal Western Yacht, The Hoc, Plymouth, Captain Houlditch, sec.

Argvle Athletic Club Limited (F. Crouch, sec.), 80 Old Town street.

Ford Constitutional Club (W. Beckford, sec.), Cambridge road, Ford.

Mutley Constitutional Club (F. C. Willoughby, sec.), 30 Mutley plain.

St. Bartholomew Young Men’s Recreative Club (Rev. Stanley Carder M.A. sec.), Donegal terrace, Molesworth road.

St. John’s Recreative Club (George Tozer, sec.), 67 Chapel street, Devonport.

Saltram Club (N. T. Elliott, manager), 54 Salisbury rd.

Stonehouse Constitutional, 15 Edgcumbe street, East Stonehouse, Frederick G. Mitch, hon. sec.

Stonehouse Liberal, 5 Union st. Stonehouse, S. Woods, sec.

Three Towns Social Club, 17 Notte street, W. D. Mill, sec.

United Service, Royal hotel, Fore street, Devonport, Arthur D. T. Chubb, hon. sec.

MASONIC LODGES &c. Plymouth Lodges.

Meeting at the Freemasons’ hall, 1 Princess square.

St. John (70), John Batten Gover, sec.; 1st tues.

Fortitude (105), Cornelius Cooper, sec.; 2nd mon.

Harmony (156), F. G. Knight, sec.; 1st mon.

Charity (223), W. Stenlake, sec.; 3rd tues.

The St. John (1,247), P. G. L. Pearce, sec.; 2nd Thur. after 1st tues.

Dundas (1,255), W. H. Botterell, sec.; 3rd mon.

Prudence (1,550), G. H. Selleck, sec.; 1st sat.

Sir Francis Drake (2,649), W. Hutchinson, sec.; 2nd Wed. Mar. June, Sept. & Dec.

Chapters.

St. John’s (70), J. R. Lord, scribe E; 4th Thur. Feb. May, Aug. & Nov.

Fortitude (105), R. C. Stilwell, scribe E; 3rd Tue. in Feb. May, Aug. & Nov.

Harmony (156), Thos. Parker, scribe E; 1st Wed. March, Tune. Sept. & Dec.

Concord (223), J. A. Lavers, scribe E; 3rd Wed. Jan. April, July & Oct.

Unity (1,247), P. Gr. L. Pearce, scribe E; 3rd Fri. Jan. April, July & Oct.

Dundas (1,255), J. Hammond, scribe E; 1st Thur. March, June, Sept. & Dec.

St. George’s (2,025), S. Broad, scribe E; 1st Thur. Feb. May, Aug. & Nov.

Knights Templars.

Royal Veteran Preceptory, C. J. Park, E preceptor.

Huyshe Chapter Rose Croix, M. W. Sovereign, Jas. Rendle.

Red Cross Council, Illustrious Sovereign, Sholto H. Hare.

Mark Masons.

Temple (50), W. H. Dillon, sec.

Fortitude (66), J. B. Gover, sec.

Charity (76), W. J. O. Hannaford, sec.

St. George’s (383), R. L. Drake, sec.

Metham (96), J. F. Joslin, sec.

Devonport.

Lodges.

Friendship (202), E. J. Knight, sec.; Masonic hall, Granby street; 4th thurs.

Fidelity (230), W. V. Harris, sec.; Ebrington Masonic hall; 1st & 3rd thurs.

St. Aubyn (954), J. F. Moore, sec.; Masonic hall, Moon street, Morice Town; 2nd & 4th tues.

Huyshe (1,099), W. Amos Staton, sec.; Masonic hall, Home park, Stoke; 2nd thurs.

Elms (1,212), Jos. Bassett, sec.; Masonic hall, Home park, Stoke; 3rd wed.

Chapters.

Friendship (202), H. Holman, scribe E; 2nd Thur. February, May, August & November.

Fidelity (230), A W. Rowe, scribe E; 4th Fri. February, May, August & November.

St. Aubyn (954), J. Allen, scribe E; 3rd Mon. January, April, July & October.

Elms-Huyshe (1,099), John Allen, scribe E; 4th Thur. January, April, July & October.

Mark Lodges.

Friendship (16), E. J. Knight, sec.; Granby street; 2nd Thur. January, March, April, June, July, September, October & December.

St. Aubyn (64), J. Smale, sec.; Masonic hall, Moon street, Morice Town; 4th Mon. each month.

Fidelity-Huyshe (91), A. Maddock, sec.; 2nd Wed. January & alternate months.

East Stonehouse.

Lodges.

Sincerity (189), A. S. Hendry, sec.; St. George’s hall; 2nd mon.

Brunswick (159), N. Radmore, sec.; Masonic hall, Hobart street; 1st wed.

Metham (1,205), P. J. Dunn, sec.; Metham Masonic hall, Carolina place; 3rd mon.

Ebrington (1,847), H. Ley, sec.; Masonic hall, Hobart street; 2nd tues.

Western District United Service (2,258), I. Davidson, sec.; Metham Masonic hall, Caroline place.

Chapters.

Sincerity (189), G. Dunsterville, scribe E; 4th Mon. Jan. April, July & October.

Brunswick (159), N. Radmore, scribe E; last Wed. January, April, July & October.

Elliott (1,205), J. J. Facey, scribe E; 1st Wed. February, May, August & November.

Mark Lodges.

Sincerity (35), Geo. Dunsterville, sec.; St. George’s hall; 1st Mon. January, March, May, July, Sept. & Nov.

Brunswick (48), N. Radmore, sec.; Masonic hall, Hobart street; 3rd Wed. February, April, June, August, October & December.

Elliott (169), J. Gidley, sec.; Metham Masonic hall, Caroline place; 4th Wed. January, March, May, July, September & November.

POOR LAW UNIONS

Plymouth Incorporation

The management of the poor of Plymouth is vested in a board of guardians, incorporated by the title of “Guardians of the Poor of the Town of Plymouth, in the County of Devon,” by an Act passed in the reign of Queen Anne A.D. 1708 & amended by subsequent Acts, passed in 1758 & 1786.

By an Act of Parliament passed August, 1896, the borough of Plymouth was extended, & portion of the parish of Laira Green, portion of the tything of Compton Gifford, portion of the parish of Weston Peverell & portion of the parish of Egg Buckland, which up to that time were included in the Plympton St. Mary Poor Law Union, were annexed as from November 9th, 1896, to the borough of Plymouth, both for municipal & poor law purposes.

Board day, Tuesday, at 3 p.m. at Workhouse.

The population in 1891 was 84,253, and in 1901 was 107,514; area, 2,370 acres; rateable value in 1901, Building £468,679, Agricultural land £2,666.

The Workhouse was commenced in 1851 & forms a series of buildings of stone, faced with brick, from plans by Mr. O. C. Arthur & Mr. W. Dwelley, architects, & was erected at a cost of about £12,500; the house is available for about 650 inmates.

DEVONPORT PARISH

The management of the poor of the parish of Devonport, which includes the old parish of Stoke Damerel, is vested in a Board of Guardians.

Board day, alternate Fridays, at 10.30 a.m.. at the Workhouse.

The. population in 1901 was 69,674; area, 3,152 acres; rateable value in 1901, £263,289.

The Workhouse, Saltash road, erected in 1854, at a cost of £9,600, on an elevated position, is available for 700; in 1900 additions were made at a cost of £4,000, increasing the accommodation in the Infimary by 52 beds.

EAST STONEHOUSE PARISH

Board day, Thursday, at 11 a.m.. at the Workhouse.

The area is 192 acres; rateable value in 1901, £54,070; the population in 1891 was 15,401.

Workhouse, Clarence place, was built in 1801, & will hold 150 inmates.

CHARITIES & ALMSHOUSES

The Almshouses (Corporation Twelves), Green street, Plymouth, for the support of 12 poor widows; Edmund Pridham, clerk & treasurer.

Orphans’ Aid Charity, 10 Regent street, Plymouth; E. Pridham, clerk & treasurer.

The Twelve Almshouses, Sutton road, Plymouth, endowed for the support of twelve widows, by Joseph Jory, in 1703, have been pulled down & an allowance made for the widows to reside out.

There are also other charities, bequests for the benefit of the poor, which are vested in the Charity Trustees representing the borough.

HOSPITALS, HOMES, INSTITUTIONS &c

Convent of Notre Dame, Wyndham street west, Plymouth.

Dental Hospital, Bank Street chambers. Bank street, Plymouth..

Devon & Cornwall Ear & Throat Hospital, North street, Plymouth.

Devon & Cornwall Female Orphan Asylum, Lockyer street, Plymouth.

Devon & Cornwall Homoeopathic Hospital & Three Towns Dispensary, Lockyer street, Plymouth..

Devonport Borough Fever Hospital.

Devonport Provident Dispensary, 47 St. Aubyn street, Devonport.

Devonport & Western Counties Institution for the Blind, 56 & 57 St. Aubyn street, Devonport, W. Peek, treasurer.

Doctor Barnardo’s Homes for Destitute Children (Plymouth branch), 13 Buckland terrace, Millbay road, Plymouth, John Henry Stephenson, superintendent Female Penitentiary & Home, Ebrington street, Plymouth.

Friendless Girls’ Help Association, 11 Regent street, Plymouth, Miss Elizabeth Bailey, supt. & matron House of Peace Penitentiary, 157 North road, Plymouth, Devonport Sisters.

National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (Plymouth branch); local office & shelter, 6 Union terrace, Union street.

Pearn Convalescent Home, Compton Leigh, George Fredk. Aldous L.R.C.P.Lond, hon. medical officer.

Plymouth, Devonport & Stonehouse Provident Medical Association; office, 32 ½ Clarence street, Plymouth.

Plymouth Girls’ Friendly Society Lodge, Miss C. Ivatt, lady superintendent.

Plymouth Mendicity Society, 6 Buckwell street, Plymouth.

Plymouth Public Dispensary, Catherine street, Plymouth.

Royal Albert Hospital & Eye Infirmary, Marlbotrough street, Devonport.

Royal British, Female Orphan Asylum, Stoke Damerel.

Royal Dockyard Female Orphan Asylum, 10 Morice sq. Devonport.

Royal Eye Infirmary, near Mutley Railway station, Plymouth.

Royal National Life Boat Institution (Port of Plymouth branch), Boat house, Great Western docks, Plymouth.

Royal Naval Annuitant Society, Sailors’ Home, Duke street, Devonport, Charles A. Shapcote R.N. Actuary.

Sailors’ Home, Vauxhail street, Plymouth, John Cumming esq. J.P. hon. sec. & treasurer; Nicholas Efford, superintendent.

Sailors’ Home, 67 Duke street, Devonport, Fleet Paymaster H. B. Robinson Alfred Crees R.N. superintendent, sec. & treasurer; George Beer, manager.

Sailors’ Rest & Institute, 56 Fore street, Devonport, Miss S. Vince, manageress.

St. Peter's Mission House, 24 & 25 Wyndham square, Plymouth, Sisters of St. Mary Wantage; Sister Fanny, superior.

St. Teresa’s Catholic Orphanage, Gasking street, Plymouth, Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul.

Salvation Army Rescue Home, 72 Mutley plain, Miss Mary Furr, matron.

Shipwrecked Mariners’ Society, Exchange. Plymouth, Jas. Y. Mosey R.N.R. hon. sec.

Soup Kitchen, Green street, Mrs. Emily Punnett, caretkr.

South Devon & Cornwall Institution for the Instruction & Employment of the Blind, Tavistock road, Plymouth.

Soldiers’ Home & Institute, 20 & 21 Edgcumbe street.

South Devon & East Cornwall Hospital, Greenbank road, Plymouth, Robert Hogarth Clay M.D. & Lawrence Fox.

Three Towns Friendly Society’s Medical Institution Octavius Hall L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., L.F.P.S.G. & Thos. Downard M.B., L.S.A. surgeons, 7 Clarendon terrace, Stoke.

PLACES OF WORSHIP, with Times of Services

Churches in Plymouth.

V. signifies vicarage; P.C. signifies Perpetual Curacy.

St. Andrew’s, V. vacant; 11 a.m.. 3.15 & 6.30 p.m. daily, 11.30 a.m..; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

St. Augustine’s, V. The Rev. The O’Shea; 11 a.m.. 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Charles, V. Rev. Nathaniel Vickers B.A.; Rev. Hugh C. Cooke LL.D, provisional curate; 11 a.m.. 3 & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.; holy days at noon.

All Saints, V. Harwell street, Rev. Owen Evan Anwyl, Rev. Charlie Henry Berkeley Molyneux & Rev. William Henry Drage, curates; 7.30, 10 & 11 a.m.. & 2.30, 3.30. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 7.30 a.m.. & 7.30 p.m.

Christ Church, V. Eton place, Rev. William Howard Coates; Rev. Reginald Walter George Pound B.A. curate; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

Emmanuel Church, V. Mannamead, Rev. George Benton Berry B.A.; Rev. George Scholey B.A. curate; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 11.30 p.m.

Holy Trinity, V. Southside street, Rev. Francis Barnes M.A.; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7 p.m.

St. Catherine's Church (St. Andrew’s Chapel), P.C. Lockyer street, Rev. Nathaniel Nicholas Lewarne M.A.; 8 & 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 12 noon; holy days 12 noon.

St. James-the-Less, V. Clarendon place, Citadel road, Rev. Francis Wiilfrid Osborn M.A.; Rev. Reginald Hanbury Miers, curate; 8 (1st Sat. also 7), 10.30 & 11 а.m. 3, 4.15, 6.30, 7.30 & 8.10 p.m.; Wed. & Fri. 12 noon.

St. John’s, V. Sutton-on-Plym, Rev. Cecal Henry Salt; Rev. Francis A. Norgate M.A. curate; 8 & 11 a.m.. & 3.30 & 6.30 p.m.; daily at 7.30 a.m.. & 7.30 p.m.; holy days, 7.30 & 9 a.m.. & 7.30 p.m.

St. Jude’s, V. Tothill road, Rev. Thomas Henry Howard M.A.; Rev. Alfred R. O. Apps, curate; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

St. Luke’s, V. Tavistock place, Rev. Hammond B. Bisshopp M.A.; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

St. Matthias’, V. Tavistock road, Rev. W. B. Russell Caley M.A.; Rev. J. H. Haywood M.A. & Rev. W. L. Newton, curates; 8 & 11 a.m.. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.; holy days, 8 & 11 a.m.. & 7 p.m.; daily, 7.45 a.m.

St. Peter’s, V. Wyndham square, Rev. George Rundle Prynne M.A.; Rev. Ernest Roberts Hudson B.A.; Rev. Basil Kingsley M.A. & Rev. W. H. Morgan, assistant curates; 7, 8, 10.30 & 11 a.m.. & 2.45 & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 7 & 7.30 a.m.. & 7.30 p.m.

St. Saviour’s, V. Lambhay hill, near the Citadel, Rev. J. Jones (and H.M. Prison chaplain); Rev. Thomas Barnard M.A. curate; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m. & an occasional Welsh service.

St. Michael’s (served by the clergy of St. James-the-Less), 9 & 6.30; Tue. 8 p.m.

Citadel Church, The Citadel, for the use of the garrison; Rev. A. Malim M.A., S.C.F., W.D. sen. chaplain; 11.30 a.m.

Devonport Churches.

St. Andrew’s Church, R. Stoke Damerel. Rev. Stewart Gordon Ponsonby M.A.; Rev. Arthur Linzel Giles M.A. Rev. Hy. Chicheley Stevens M.A. Rev. Arth. Field B.A. & Rev. Edward Arnold Donaldson B.A. curates; 8 & 11 a.m.. 3.30 & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 11.45 a.m.. & 7.30 p.m.; Fri. 11.45 a.m.

St. Aubyn, Chapel street, Rev. Hugh Robert Coulthard M.A.; Rev. John Percy Baker B.A. curate; 11 a.m.. 3 & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

St. James-the-Great, V. Keyham road, Morice Town, Rev. Ernest C. Atherton M.A.; Rev. Arthur Hay Nankivell B.A. Rev. Vivian L. Keelan B.A. & Rev. Gerald Peterson B.A. curates; 8, 10.30 & 11 a.m.. & 2.45 & 6.30 p.m.; week days, 7.30 a.m.. & 7.30 p.m.

St. John-the-Baptist, V. Duke street, Rev. Riohd. Mildren M.A.; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

St. Mark’s, V. Ford, Rev. Charles R. Teapo M.A. vicar; Rev. Henry Alexander Bruce Moorhouse, curate; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.; daily, 10 a.m.

St. Mary’s, V. James street, Rev. William Henry Alhin B.D.; Rev. Frederick E. Ault B.A. curate; 11 a.m.. 3 & 6.30 p.m.; saints’ days, 11 a.m.. & 5.30 p.m.; Fri. 7 p.m.

St. Michael's, P.C. Albert road, Rev. William Mantle B.A.; 8 & 11 a.m.. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

St. Paul’s, V. Morice square, Rev. Andrew John Hamlyn M.A.; Rev. Benjamin Davies B.A. curate; 8 & 11 a.m.. & 3.30 & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 7 p.m.; Wed. & Fri. 11 a.m.

St. Stephen’s, V. George street, Rev. Arthur Gordon Bury Stallard M.A.; 8, 10.30 & 11 a.m.. & 3.15 & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 7.45 a.m.. & 8 p.m.

Dockyard Chapel, Dockyard, Rev. Frank C. Stebbing M.A., R.N. chaplain; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.

Military Chapel, Raglan Barracks, Rev. A. Malim M.A. S.C.F., W.D. chaplain; 8 & 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.

Churches in East Stonehouse.

St. George’s, V. Chapel street, Rev. Boulton Brander Liptrott M.A.; Rev. Frederick Owen & Rev. F. O. Catford B.A. curates; 8.15 & 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

St. Matthew’s, V. Clarence place, Rev. William Robinson; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

St. Paul’s, V. Dumford street, Rev. Charles Ernest Treadwell; 8 & 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Fri. 10 a.m.

Royal Naval Hospital Chapel; 11 a.m.. & 6 p.m.

CATHOLIC DIOCESE OF PLYMOUTH

Bishop, Right Rev. William Vaughan D.D. St. Augustine’s priory, Newton Abbot.

Bishop Coadjutor (with right of succession), Right Rev. Charles Graham, Bishop’s house, Plymouth.

Vicar’s General, Right Rev. Charles Graham & Very Rev. Canon Thomas Courtenay, Bishop's ho. Plymouth.

Secretary, Rev. Charies E. Gandy. Bishop’s ho. Plymouth.

Registrar for Deceased Clergy, Rev. John C. McCarthy, Presbytery, Dartmouth.

Diocesan Inspector of Schools, Very Rev. Canon John Keily, Holy Cross, Beaumont road, Plymouth.

Cathedral Chapter.

Provost, Very Rev. John S. Lapotre (theologian), Presbytery, St. Mary Church, Torquay.

Canons.

Very Revs. William Cassey, St. Mary’s, Falmouth; George F. Hobson (penitentiary), Presbytery, South street, Exeter; George Poole, Presbytery, Torquay; Thomas Courtenay D.D. Bishop’s house, Plymouth; William Walsh, Tiverton; Leo Crontelle, Lyme Regis; John Keily, Bishop’s house, Plymouth & Walter Kiely, Portland.

Catholic Churches

Cathedral of St. Mary & St. Boniface, Cecil street, Plymouth, Very Rev. Canon Thomas Courtenay D.D., V.G.; Rev. Daniel Kennedy D.D.; Rev. Charles E. Gandy & Rev. Thomas Macnamara, 7.30, 9 (for military) & 11 a.m..; catechism & benediction, 3; & compline, instruction & benediction, 6.30 p.m.; daily mass, 7.30, 8 & 9 a.m..; holidays of obligation, mass, 7, 9 & 11 a.m..; Wed. & Fri. 7 p.m. benediction.

Holy Cross, Beaumont road, Plymouth, Very Rev. Canon John Keily & Rev. Harry Roche, priests; mass, 8 & 10.30 a.m..; catechism, 3.30 p.m. & compline, serm. & benediction, 6.30 p.m.; daily, 8 a.m.

SS. Michael & Joseph, James street, Devonport, Rev. Fathers Thomas Peter Kent & Patrick Aloysius Kent, priests; mass, 8, 9.30 (for military) & 11 a.m..; compline, serm. & benediction, even. serv. 6.30 p.m.; daily, mass, 8 a.m..; Wed. rosary & benediction, 7 a.m.

Naval Chapel, H.M. Ship “Monmouth,” Devonport, Rev. Thomas P. Kent, priest; mass, 9.45 a.m.

Presbyterian Church of England, Wyndham street west, Plymouth, Rev. Wallace Harvey-Jellie M.A.; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

Friends’ Meeting House, Treville street, Plymouth; 11 а.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 11 a.m.

Jews’ Synagogue, Catherine street, Plymouth, Rabbi Joseph Posner; every Sat. at 1 p.m. & dusk; Fri. 4 p.m. winter, 7.30 p.m. summer; Sat. 8.45 a.m.. winter, 8.30 summer.

Baptist

Ebenezer, Union street, East Stonehouse, 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Wed. 7 p.m.

Ford, Alfred road, Rev. Albert Thomas Head; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.15 p.m.

George street, Plymouth, Rev. Samuel Vincent; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. 7 p.m. & Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Hope, Fore street, Devonport, Rev. Albert Braine; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Thur. 7.15 p.m.

Morice square, Devonport, vacant; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. Thur. & Fri. 7.30 p.m.

Mutley Plain, Plymouth, Rev. J. Bell Johnston M.A.; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. 8 p.m.; & lecture, Thur. 8 p.m.

Pembroke street, Devonport, Rev. G. H. F. Jackson; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7.30 p.m.

York street, Plymouth; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7 p.m.

Mission Room, Maida Vale terrace, Plymouth; 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Bethel Union

Great Western docks, Plymouth, William Thomas Polgreen, missionary; 11 a.m.. & 6.50 p.m.

Castle street, Plymouth, William Thomas Polgreen, missionary; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

Bible Christian.

East street, East Stonehouse; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Greenbank road, Plymouth, Rev. John Dymond; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

Haddington road, Devonport, Rev. John O. Keen; 10.45 а.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. & Thur. 7 p.m.

King street, Devonport; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

Zion street, Plymouth, Rev. James Hopper; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

St. George’s terrace, Stoke, Rev. John Osborne Keen. D.D.; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Congregational

Emma place, East Stonehouse; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m. Mon. & Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Batter street, Plymouth; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7.30 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

Norley, Norley street, Plymouth; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Old Tabernacle, Exeter street, Plymouth; 10 a.m.. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.; every evening, 8 p.m.

Princess street, Ope, Devonport, Rev. Edward William Bickley; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Thur. 7.15 p.m.

Sherwell, Tavistock road, Plymouth, Rev. Charles Stibbert Slater M.A.; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Wed. 7 p.m.

Union, Courtenay street, Plymouth, Rev. Joseph Townsend Maxwell; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

Wycliffe, Albert road, Morice Town, Rev. C. J. Palmer; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Plymouth Brethren.

Park street, Plymouth; 6.30 p.m.

Gospel hall, Raleigh street, Plymouth; 10.45 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. & Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Primitive Methodist.

Abingdon street, Plymouth; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.

Ebrington street, Plymouth; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Herbert street, Devonport; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. & Thur. 7 p.m.

Hotham place, Devonport; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7 p.m.

Union street, Stonehouse; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m. Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Rev. John Humphries Best, Rev. John Wenn & Rev. Arthur J. Herod.

Unitarian

Duke street, Devonport, Rev. Robinson Hughes; 11.30 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

Treville street, Plymouth, vacant; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.

United Methodist Free Church

Albert road, Devonport; 11 a.m.. & 6,30 p.m.; Tue. & Fri. 7 p.m.

Ebrington street, Plymouth; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7.30 p.m.

Rev. Richard Waters.

Wesleyan Methodist. Plymouth Circuits. Ebenezer.

Ebenezer, Saltash street; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m. & Sat. 7 p.m.

Wesley, Ebrington st.; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. & Fri. 7.30 p.m.

Rev. Jas. Cuthbertson, supt. & Rev. Chas. Thos. Horne.

King Street.

King street; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.15 p.m.

Mutley plain; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Edgcumbe st. East Stonehouse; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

Peverell Park road; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m. Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Rev. Edward D. Dannett, supt.; Rev. John Edwards; Rev. Gilbert Meneden Rev. Sylvester Lee & Thos. Waterhouse, supemumry.

Devonport Circuits. Gloucester Street.

Gloucester street, Morice Town; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Fri. 7 p.m.

Morice street, Devonport; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. & Sat. 7.30 p.m.

Ford; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.15 p.m.; Fri. 7 p.m. Mon. & Thur. 7 p.m.

Rev. John Kemick, supt. Rev. John England, army & navy chaplain; Rev. Frank H. Hawkey, army & navy chaplain & Rev. William James.

Belmont.

Belmont, Stoke; 11 a.m.. 6.30 p.m.; Tue. & Fri. 7 p.m.

Ker street, Devonport; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m; Thur. & Sat. 7 p.m.

Johnson terrace, Morice Town; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Fri.; Fri. 7 p.m.

Stuart road, Stoke; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7 p.m.

Albert road, Devenport; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.

Other Denominations

Bethel Union, James street, Devonport; 3 & 6.30 p.m.

Calvinist, Portland villas, Rev. James Knowles; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Thur. 7 p.m.

Catholic Apostolic, Princess street, James Phillips; 6.15 & 10.15 a.m.. & 5.15 p.m.; daily, 5.15 p.m.; Tue. & Thur. 6.15 a.m..; Wed. & Fri. 10.15 a.m.

Evangelical Protestant, Compton st. Plymouth, Rev. Wm. Elliott; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 11.30 a.m.. & 7 p.m.; conference 3rd Wed. in every month; Fri. 7 p.m.

Moravian, James street, Devonport, vacant; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

Sailors’ Home, Vauxhall street, Plymouth; 3 & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. 8 p.m.; Wed. & Sat. 7.30 p.m.

Salvation Army, Granby street.

Mission Room, Sutton road, Plymouth; 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Sherwell Mission hall, Mount street, Plymouth; 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

Mission Rooms

Albion Hall, Stillman street; Sun. 6.30 p.m. All Saints’, Henry street (occasionally.)

Bath street, Stonehouse, William Smith, missioner.

Cattedown (St. John the Evangelist); 10 a.m.. & 3 p.m.

Charles’ Church, Camden street; 6.30 p.m.; Fri. 7.30 p.m.

Charles’ Church, Tavistock place, 10.30 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m. for children.

Emmanuel, Lower Compton road & Hyde Park rd. Mutley.

Harbour avenue; 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 8 p.m.

Moon street (Charles’ Church); 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Railway Mission (Plymouth branch), St. Andrew’s hall, Russell street; 3 & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7.45 p.m. to 9 p.m.

St. Andrew’s, Palace street.

St. Andrew’s, Willow street.

St. Chad’s, Moon street, Morice Town, Rev. Arthur W. Sealey, curate in charge; 10 & 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

St. George's, Market street, East Stonehouse; Sun. 3 p.m.

St. Jude’s, Grenville road; 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7.45 p.m.

St. Matthias Mission Church; 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.

St. Peter’s, 21 Arundel crescent, Sunday 8 p.m.

St. Peter’s, Chapel of the Good Shepherd, Octagon street; 8 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 8 p.m.; Thur. 8 a.m.

Seamen & Boatmen Friendly Society Mission Hall, S. Ventham, superintendent.

Shaftesbury (Charles’ Church), Deptford place, 11.30 a.m.. (children) & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

Sherwell Mission Room, Clare place, Sutton road, 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.

Town Mission Room, Cornwall st. Devonport; 6.30 p.m.

Three Towns Mission Hall, Manor street, East Stonehouse.

Zoar New Mission Hall, Edinburgh road, Devonport, 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7.30 p.m.

Mission Chapels in Stoke.

St. Barnabas, Stuart road; 8 & 11 a.m.. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

St. Bartholomew’s, Church street, Higher Stoke; 8 & 11 a.m.. & 3 & 6.30 p.m; Tue. 7.30 p.m.

SCHOOL BOARDS & SCHOOLS

The Plymouth School Board was formed January 31, 1871, & now consists of 15 members, with thirteen ordinary schools, three cooking centres, one woodwork centre, a deaf mates’ school, a special school & a truant school. The Truants’ Industrial school, certified by H.M. Inspector, was opened March 16, 1882; the total number of children under instruction in these schools in 1900 was 1,077, & average attendance 8,855, or 82.2 per cent. The teaching staff in 1900 numbered 323 persons; the average cost of maintenance per head in the three years 1898—1901 was £2 9s. 5d., the proportion paid out of the rates being 18s. 4 ½d.

Offices, 18 Princess square, Plymouth.

The Board or Committees meet Mondays, Tuesdays & Fridays generally at 6 p.m. The Board meeting on the 4th Tuesday is open to the public.

Board Schools

Castle street (infants'), built in 1874, for 233 children; average attendance, 150.

Cattedown road, No. 1 block (girls & mixed) built in 1886 for 590 children; average attendance, 618. No. 2 block (boys & infants) built in 1890 for 458 boys & 585 infants; average attendance, 486 boys & 530 infants.

King street (boys’ & infants’), built in 1860, for 508 children; average attendance, 254 boys & 240 infants.

Mount street (boys’, girls’, mixed & infants’), built in 1876 & enlarged in 1887, for 1,040 children; average attendance, 233 girls & 343 infants; mixed school, 293; higher grade boys, 143.

North road (girls'& inf ants’), built in 1894 for 950 children; average attendance, 476 girls & 503 infants.

Oxford street (boys’ & infants’), built in 1879, for 308 boys & 275 infants; average attendance, 314 boys & 230 infants.

Palace court, Stillman street (boys’, girls’ and infants’), built in 1881, for 800 children; average attendance, 248 boys, 286 girls & 230 infants.

Regent street (Higher grade; Lower section), built in 1897 for 330 boys & 380 girls; organized science school mixed, accommodation 284, Jn. Turner Lethbridge, master; (cookery centre), Miss J. Olver; (woodwork), William Bradbury.

Sutton road (mixed & infants’), built in 1875, for 350 children; average attendance, 137 mixed & 170 infants.

Treville street (boys’ & infants’), built in 1874, for 553 children; average attendance, 247 boys & 251 infants.

Union street, built in 1883, for 240 boys, 240 girls & 310 infants; average attendance, 240 boys, 220 girls & 308 infants.

Wolsdon street (girls’ & infants’), built in 1881, for 475 children; average attendance, 180 girls & 304 infants.

Truant Industrial School, Laira house, Embankment road, built in 1882, for 40 boys; Harry Coates Fairbank, supt.

Deaf Mute School (mixed), for 87 children; average attendance, 13.

Devonport School Board.

The Devonport School Board of 13 members was formed January 24, 1871; J. P. Goldsmith, clerk to the board; Frederick Harris, attendance officer; offices, 27 Ker st.

Board Schools

Stuart road, Higher grade, Palmerston street, Stoke, built 1892 for 322 boys, 322 girls & 410 infants; average attendance, boys 354, girls 311, infants 287.

Auckland road, Ford (infants’), built in 1889 for 357 children; average attendance, 361.

Cambridge road, Ford (boys’), built in 1872, for 792 children; average attendance, 685.

Church street, Stoke (boys’, girls’ & infants'), built in 1874, for 540 children; average attendance, 267 boys, 207 girls & 200 infants.

Cornwall street (infants’), average attendance, 119.

Melville road, Ford (girls’), built in 1872, for 200 children; average attendance, 425.

Morice Town, Charlotte street (boys', girls’ & infants’), built in 1873, for 1,260 children; average attendance, 327 boys, 342 girls & 300 infants.

Morice Town, Keyham road (boys’, girls’ & infants’), for 632 boys, 347 girls & 350 infants.

York street, late Cherry Garden street (boys’, girls’ & infants’), built in 1873, for 1,000 children; average attendance, 320 boys, 180 girls & 150 infants.

East Stonehouse School Board.

The School Board of 7 members was formed June 16,1874; Richard Robinson Rodd, clerk to the board; offices of the board, George place,; T. Waldo How, Devon & Cornwall Bank, treasurer; William Edward Corbett, medical officer; T. F. Vanstone, 70 Emma place south, attendance officer.

Board Schools

High street, built in 1895, for 480 boys; average attendance, 350.

High street, built in 1887, for 700 children; average attendance, 200 girls & 220 infants.

East street (girls’ & infants’), built in 1883, enlarged 1901, for 580 children; average attendance, 174 girls & 238 infants.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS

The Corporation Grammar School, 42 Park street, Plymouth, the oldest educational institution in the town; it was originally founded by the Corporation in 1561, & rTeceived a charter from Queen Elizabeth in 1573: the school is available for 200 boys: there are 10 foundation scholars, elected (after examination) by the Corporation.

Admiralty School, Longroom, Stonehouse, for boys.

Admiralty School, Millbay, East Stonehouse; Miss E. Hawke, girls’ mistress; Miss H. Westaway, infants’ mistress.Stolen from Fore-bears

Western College, Mannamead, established in 1752 by the London Congregational Fund Board, is a building of stone in the Gothic style, for the training of theological students & is open to young men of all denominations as lay students.

Plymouth & Mannamead College, Hyde Park road, Mutley (high school for boys), formed by the amalgamation of Plymouth College, founded in 1877, and Mannamead school, founded in 1854, is a building of limestone, faced with granite, standing within spacious grounds; boys are prepared for universities, professions, and all branches. A preparatory school in connection with the college is held in a separate building: there are also two boarding houses.

Municipal Science, Art & Technical Schools, Tavistock road, a gabled building of local stone in a simple Renaissance style, erected in 1887 at a cost of about £10,000, to commemorate the jubilee of Her Majesty’s reign, from plans by Mr. A. D. Shortridge, architect. The rooms for science teaching are on the south side & those for art instruction have the requisite north light; the whole of the basement is devoted to workshops, boiler room, engine room & store rooms; the ground floor emprises physics, demonstration room & class rooms, lecture theatre with preparation rooms; rooms for the secretary, science & art masters & caretaker & some art rooms; the first floor includes a chemical laboratory with class rooms, store, balance & dark rooms, & also the remaining art rooms, with an art gallery: off the corridors are cloak rooms, lavatories &c.

School of Art, Paradise road, Stoke; Henry R. Babb, master.

School of Art, Technical Schools, Paradise Road, Stoke; Henry R. Babb, master.

Devonport Technical School, Paradise road, Stoke; Jas. Neal, sec.

Plymouth Girls’ High School, Tavistock Road, Plymouth; Miss Helen C. Turnbull, headmistress.

The Grey Coat School (boys & girls), Hampton street, Plymouth, founded in 1714, derives its income from £3,254 15s. Consols, & also has £444 10s. Consols, given by Mrs. Mary Hodson & others, the interest of which is applied in educating & apprenticing the children; the school was enlarged in 1896 for 270 scholars & the average attendance is 270.

The Plymouth Public School, Coburg street, was established in 1809, & since 1856 the buildings have been considerably enlarged; an upper school was added in 1860 & an infants’ department in 1866; there is also an evening adult school & a School of Science & Art: the school is managed by a committee, elected annually; there were on the books in 1896, 540 boys, 348 girls & 340 infants; average attendance, 522 boys, 247 girls & 318 infants.

Royal Naval & Military Free, King street, Devonport, built & enlarged in 1872 for 1,000 children of seamen & soldiers & others connected with government establishments; average attendance, 350 boys, 260 girls & 220 infants.

Hele & Lanyon’s School, Lipson terrace, on the north side of the town, was established in 1632, under a devise of Elize Hele esq. & in the year 1764 John Lanyon bequeathed a sum of £2,000 for educational purposes, which was also attached to the school; the yearly income is about £670.

Plymouth Navigation, 13 ½ Gascoyne place, Plymouth.

Stoke Public Higher School, Keppel place, Stoke (boys & girls), for 1,050 children.

Nathan (Jacob) Jewish Endowed School, Well street, Plymouth, derives its income from £3,000 Consols left by Jacob Nathan, a native of Plymouth, about 1860; £600 was left for establishing the school & the interest on £200 for clothing poor children.

Devon & Cornwall Industrial School for Girls, Portland villas, Plymouth (for reception of girls committed under Industrial Schools Act), for 55 girls.

NATIONAL SCHOOLS

Charles, Shaftesbury cottages, Plymouth (boys), built in 1856, for 500 children; average attendance, 425.

Charles, Tavistock place (girls & infants), for 590 children; average attendance, 205 girls & 250 infants.

Christ Church, York place, Plymouth (boys), built in 1849, for 260 children; average attendance, 165.

Holy Trinity, Friars lane, Plymouth (boys & girls), for 600 children; average attendance, 100 boys & 106 girls.

Holy Trinity (infants), Southside street, Plymouth, for 250 children; average attendance, 150.

St. Catharine’s Church, Lockyer street, Plymouth, for 100 children; average attendance, 50 boys & 50 girls.

St. Andrew’s Princess street, Ope, Plymouth, built in 1858, for 500 children; average attendance, 200 boys, 109 girls & 112 infants.

St. George’s, Market street, East Stonehouse, built in 1851, for 300 boys, 220 girls; average attendance, 260 boys, 170 girls.

St. James’, Keyham road, Devonport (boys, girls & infants), for 615 children; average attendance, 203 boys, 175 girls & 211 infants.

St. James-the-Less, Prospect place, Plymouth, built for 350 children; average attendance, 111 boys, 120 girls & 150 infants.

St. John’s, Sutton-on-Plym, Plymouth (boys, girls & infants), built in 1869, for 600 children; average attendance, 220 boys, 178 girls & 192 infants.

St. John’s street, Devonport (boys), for 320 children; average attendance, 250.

St. Mary, Edinburgh Road, Devonport, built in 1869, at a cost of £1,000, for 500 children; average attendance, 137 boys, 183 girls & 49 infants.

St. Peter's (boys, girls & infants), Wyndham square, Plymouth, for 800 children; average attendance, 185 boys, 150 girls & 168 infants.

St. Paul’s (mixed), built in 1872, for 220 children, & enlarged in 1891 for 284; average attendance, 215.

St. Stephen’s, Clowance street, Devonport (boys, girls &. infants), for 600 children; average attendance, 170 boys, 115 girls & 140 infants.

National, Lower Compton road, Compton Gifford (mixed & infant), built in 1840, enlarged in 1888 & again in 1897 at a further cost of £800, for 450 children; average attendance, 360. A playground was added in 1887.

British, Ker street, for 664 children; average attendance, 160 boys, 155 girls & 200 infants.

British, Mount street, Devonport (infants), accommodation for 440; average attendance, 194.

Catholic.

Abbey (The), 158 North road, Plymouth (girls & infants), built in 1850, for 250 children; The Devonport Sisters, teachers.

Anstis street, Plymouth (girls & infants), built in 1862; average attendance, 116 girls & 210 infants; Sisters of Notre Dame, teachers.

Beaumont Road, Plymouth (boys, girls & infants), built, in 1872, for 249 children; average attendance, 110 boys, 96 girls & 60 infants; Sisters of Notre Dame, teachers.

James Street, Devonport, built in 1880, for 400 children; average attendance, 110 boys, 80 girls & 120 infants.

Neskwick Lane, Plymouth, built in 1865, for 250 boys; average attendance, 85.