Sunderland, situate on the south bank of the river, and at high-water, almost surrounded by the German Ocean.

The High Street, which is the principal, is nearly a mile in length, running from east to west; the houses are in general well built, and the street in many places is 30 yards broad: parallel with this runs the Lower Street, on the bank of the river, very narrow and dirty; besides these there are several narrow lanes connecting the two streets ; and branching from the High Street there are innumerable other streets, extending, many of them, to the distance of a quarter of a mile to the south. In the higher part of the town they are very spacious and elegant, but those nearer the sea are, many of them, extremely narrow and dirty.—The Church which, is a spacious handsome structure, built of brick, with stone mouldings round the windows and doors, is situated at the top of the town, and is dedicated to the Holy Trinity ; the east end has a particularly light and elegant appearance, the altar being placed in a circular recess, surmounted by a dome, of inlaid work, which is supported in front by two fluted pillars of the Corinthian order, with proper capitals. This alteration was projected by the Rev. Daniel Newcome, who was the rector, and who expended the greatest part of his income in beautifying and adorning this edifice. Besides the church there is a spacious chapel of ease, built by subscription, in 1769, and dedicated to St. John ; the endowment is about £ 100. a year. The dissenters in this extensive town are numerous, many of whom have commodious places of worship:—The Corn Market Chapel, built in 1711, by the Rev. George Wilson, is now used by the sect, denominated Independents. The Scotch Church in Robinson’s lane, was erected in 1739, by persons who seceded from the congregation of Corn Market Chapel, which was originally the same as the established Church of Scotland, but had, under its founder, Mr. Wilson, been so altered as to give offence to many of its chief supporters, who determined to have a place of worship for themselves. (There is a chapel at Monk Wearmouth for persons belonging to the Scotch Church, residing on that side of the water; it was built in 1778). The Malings Rigg Chapel is also used by a respectable congregation of the Scotch Church ; and the Spring Garden’s Chapel belongs to dissenters from the Scotch Church called Burghers; it was built in 1766. The Methodist Chapel, an elegant, and extensively commodious building, situated on the north side of the High Street, was opened for public worship in 1791, by the celebrated Rev. Dr. Coke. The number of members of this sect having increased with the increasing population of the town, it was subsequently found necessary to enlarge the building, which was done by removing the south wall farther back, and substituting in its place, for the purpose of supporting the roof, four noble columns of the Corinthian order. At present this Chapel is large enough to accommodate 2000 persons. In 1812, a new Methodist Chapel, capable of accommodating 650 people, was erected in Vine Street, at the east end of the town. At Monk Wearmouth this sect have a neatly-built Chapel, capable of accommodating with seats, upwards of 800 persons; this Chapel was erected in 1767. In 1809, a number of Methodists dissenting from the old establishment, on account of the government and discipline of the church, built a place of meeting called Zion Chapel, capable of containing about 600 hearers.—Under the pulpit of this Chapel are deposited the remains of the Rev. John Grundell, who for 18 years, was a preacher in this connexion ; he was a native of the town, and at a very early period of his life was deprived of his sight; yet he was not thereby deterred from the pursuit of, nor acquiring useful knowledge. "His information, (says Mr. Garbutt, in his History of Sunderland) on almost every subject, was respectable." Few, perhaps none, have ornamented their profession by a more uniform deportment and conversation, and his last end was accompanied by the prospect of another and a better existence, The Baptist Chapel in Sans Street, was built in 1798. There is another congregation of Baptists who meet at a small neat building, called Enon Chapel, in Monk Wearmouth, built to accommodate about 200. Salem Chapel, in Monk Wearmouth, was built in 1815, by the Independents; it will hold 700 persons. The Unitarians meet at a large room in Malings Rigg, formerly used as a Freemason’s Lodge ; the sect is numerous, but they have no stated minister; the members conduct their worship among themselves. The Roman Catholic Chapel, at the top of Vine Street, was destroyed in 1745 by a mob, and rebuilt in 1760, by the Rev. John Bramber ; it is a handsome building, and will contain upwards of 400 persons : above the altar is a fine painting of the crucifixion. The Friend's Meeting-House was erected in 1718 ; it is a plain: neat building, with a gallery at the east end: a burial ground is attached to it:—The congregation is extremely numerous and respectable. At the north side of the burial ground, is the Friend’s Donation School, for the education of the children of the poor ; it was endowed (along with three others, in different parts of the county) in 1771, by Edward Walton, a benevolent member of the Society of Friends. The Jews, residing at Sunderland and neighbourhood, meet for the purpose of public worship at a house at the bottom of Vine Street; they have a burial ground at the west end of Bishop Wearmouth.

At the western extremity of the town is the bridge over the Wear. This magnificent structure, says Garbutt, owes its existence to the genuine patriotism of Rowland Burdon, Esq. It is by far the greatest curiosity in this part of the country, and its utility may be estimated from the increased intercourse it has occasioned between the inhabitants of the opposite sides of the river, which is rendered strikingly apparent by the receipts which were taken at both the ferries previous to its erection. These, prior to that time, did not amount to 300l. per annum, but have since progressively increased, and the produce of the tolls now received from the bridge and the remaining ferry, amounts to 2,800l. per annum. Mr. Burdon, who had previously procured a turnpike road from Stockton to Sunderland, was early in expressing his wishes for the accommodation of a bridge across the Wear, as near Sunderland as possible. Being returned to Parliament, by the county of Durham, in 1790, he began to move in the business in the ensuing year, and an Act of Parliament for a bridge, was, with some difficulty obtained in 1792. From the attempt to construct bridges of iron by the Coalbrookdale Company, Mr. Burdon, though he disapproved of their principles, conceived the idea of making use of that metal, adhering, however, to the ancient construction of bridges, by the subdivision of the parts of the arch, in the manner of key stones; and taking the advantage of the ductility and tenacity of iron, to produce an arch of that metal, at least fifteen times lighter than a corresponding arch of stone, and capable of being put together upon an ordinary scaffold, instead of an accurate sector, in an infinitely less space of time. After having caused an experimental rib to be cast, and set up, by Messrs. Walker, of Rotheram, under the direction of Mr. Thomas Wilson, Mr. Burdon brought forward a proposal to the town of Sunderland, and the county, of constructing a bridge on his principles, over the Wear, between the Wearmouths, immediately adjoining to Sunderland and its harbour. His proposal was adopted, and the foundation stone was laid on the 24th of September, 1793.—The principles of the plan of this bridge are essentially different from those employed in any former bridge, attempted with similar materials ; as it does not consist of long ribs of metal, approaching towards the centre, and sustained upon the abutments ; but is constructed with arch pieces or blocks, as they are termed, answering to the key-stones of a common arch, which being brought to bear upon each other, gives them all the firmness of the solid stone arch ; whilst by the great vacuities in the blocks, and their respective distances in their lateral position, the arch becomes infinitely lighter than that of stone ; and by the tenacity of the metal, the parts are so intimately connected, that the accurate calculation of the extrudos, and the introdos, so necessary in stone arches of magnitude, is rendered of much less consequence. The blocks are wholly of cast-iron ; each of them five feet in height, four inches in thickness, two feet four inches and a half, in length at the top, and two feet four inches at the bottom. The blocks are each of them cast in one separate piece ; but it may be necessary, for the sake of perspicuity in description, to consider them when united in a rib, as formed of bars of iron of the above dimensions. Each block will then appear to be composed of three pieces placed horizontally, and two others in a vertical direction ; the former crossing" the latter in the middle and each extremity. By this construction, a square vacuity is left both above and below the piece which crosses the middle; and as the vertical pieces are not placed at the ends of the cross piece, but about five inches inwards, when two blocks are binded together, the void space between the now united ends of the blocks, is of the same extent as that between the uprights. On each side of the horizontal or cross pieces, is a flat groove, three inches broad, and three-fourths of an inch deep ; in these grooves, barf, of wrought, or malleable iron are inserted, of sufficient length to connect several blocks, and are fastened by screw bolts driven through holes at equal distances in each of the cross pieces ; by these means the blocks are firmly united together. The arch is the segment of a circle, about 440 feet in diameter, and is 236 feet 8 inches in its chord, or span ; it is formed by six ribs, each rib consisting of 105 blocks, which but on each other in the same manner as the voussoirs of a stone arch. The ribs are respectively placed at six feet distance, but are connected or braced together by hollow tubes or bridles of cast iron, projecting shoulders of each end, into which the screw bolts that fasten the bars of malleable iron to the cross pieces of the blocks are also driven, and these bolts are made fast by keys or nuts, that screw upon the tails of the holts. The versed sine, or spring of the arch, is only 34 feet; and of course the spandrels require but little filling up ; yet this is effected in the most light and elegant manner, by cast iron circles placed upon the ribs, and these circles gradually diminishing from the abutments towards the centre of the bridge, support the platform, which is a strong frame of timber, planked over with strong plank, on which is put a composition of tar, chalk, and sand, and this again covered with marl, limestone, and gravel, with footpaths of freestones, bounded by a neat iron balustrade: above which, in the centre, on each is the following inscription, chosen as a pious record of the successful completion of the work:—

"Nil desperandum auspice Deo."

The whole weight of the iron which forms this immense structure, is 260 tons; of these, 46 are malleable, and 214 cast; the piers or abutments are piers of almost solid masonry, 24 feet in thickness, 42 feet in breadth, at the bottom ; and 37 at the top. The south pier is founded on the solid rock, and rises from about 22 feet above the bed of the river ; on the north side the ground was not so favourable, on which account the foundation was obliged to be carried 10 feet below the bed of the river.—The centre of the arch is nearly 100 feet from the surface of the water, at the low est ebb of the tide, so that vessels of from 200 to 300 tons burthen, can pass under it with only striking their top-gallant masts.—The whole expence of its erection, including every sum laid out on account of it, was 33,400l., of which, 30,000l. was subscribed by Mr. Burdon; the sums thus advanced, are secured on tolls, with 5l. per cent, interest ; and all further accumulation goes in discharge of the capital. The bridge was opened in presence of His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester, on the 9th of August, 1796.

The harbour of Sunderland is formed by two extensive piers, situated on the north and south sides the river, nearly 1,900 feet in length ; formerly the navigation of this river was greatly impeded from the want of a sufficient depth of water to admit ships of any considerable burthen to put to sea with their whole lading: to remedy which, those vessels were obliged to take part of their cargoes in the open road, by which the keelmen, who bring down the coals from the staiths, were often exposed, in sudden storms, to danger, and sometimes lost. By the erection of the north pier, and several other recent improvements, this inconvenience is, however, in a great measure removed, as the tide now flows 16 feet, and admits vessels of 400 tons burthen. The mouth of the harbour is defended by a battery, opposite to which there are barracks for men : and at the extremity of the north pier an elegant octagonal lighthouse, 68 feet in height, has recently been erected ; previous to which, the only signal to enable mariners to enter the mouth of the river, during the night, was a lantern hoisted on the flag-staff.

Sunderland was made a bonding port in 1808, for wine and spirits.

The harbour of Sunderland has been reckoned a dry one, excepting at tide time, when the flood varies in spring tides, from 15 to 16 feet 4 inches, and in neap titles, from 10 feet 10 inches, to 11 feet 5 inches. To improve and preserve this harbour, great sums of money have been expended, and temporary works joined to the permanent piers, which extend on both sides of the river beyond the bar. These piers render the channel very narrow, but proportionably deep ; vessels of 3 or 400 tons burthen, now come and go with the greatest safety, which was not the case before the erection of these piers, when ships were obliged to take in their loading in the open sea at the mouth of the river, which was frequently attended with great danger to the keel-men. The first attempt to improve the harbour, was about 1670, when Charles II. granted his letters patent for building a pier and a lighthouse, and cleansing the harbour. In 1785, the pier on the south side being found insufficient for keeping the entrance open, another on the north side was erected, nearly 300 yards in length ; after this, ships of considerable burthen came into the harbour with safety. Near the south pier, 1000 feet in length, a tide light was afterwards erected, to indicate when there is a sufficiency of water for vessels to enter the harbour. Since the works have been completed, and carried over the bar, the harbour will hold nearly 1000 ships.—The money is raised by a duty on coals : the coal owners paying 3d. per chaldron, and the fitters 1d. The shipping pay nothing.

A part of the poor of Sunderland are maintained in the workhouse, but the greatest portion are relieved at their own residences. The whole are under the management of a visitor and four guardians.

During the latter part of the last century the trade and shipping of this town had become very considerable, and up to the present time it has continued to increase. Coal is the staple commodity, which is principally sent coast-wise to the out-ports, and in times of peace to France, Holland, and the several ports in the Baltic. The whole quantity of this article annually exported is said to amount to Newcastle chaldrons. A great revenue arises from its exports, and its coal-trade is a capital nursery for seamen, and in time of war generally furnishes a liberal quota for the manning his Majesty’s fleet. The exports, besides coals, are glass and glass bottles, salt, lime, grindstones, and copperas. The imports, are corn, flour, wines, spirituous liquors, timber, tar, deals, flax, iron, &c. In 1818, there were 545 ships belonging to this port, of the burthen of 80,693 tons, and employing 3,754 men and boys, as seamen.

There are at present employed in the neighbourhood of this town, ten glass-houses, three potteries for brown and white ware, three copperas-houses, and two patent rope manufactories, the produce of which is sent to most parts of the world.

The bishop of Durham is lord of the manor of Sunderland, by whose representative a court-leet and baron is held once a year for the recovery of all debts not exceeding 40s. It is a borough town, and in 1634 was chartered by Bishop Morton, as an incorporated town, with a mayor and twelve aldermen, who governed the borough ; but owing to some negligence in complying with the provisions of the charter, this right was shortly after lost, and it is now a borough town, with many privileges certainly, but without a corporate body. The market day has lately been altered from Friday to Saturday, and a fair for cattle is held every fortnight, on Tuesday.

Sunderland is situated about seven miles from South Shields, 13 from Durham, and 275 from London; and contains, according to the late returns, 14,725 inhabitants ; viz. 6,149 males, and 8,576 females, of whom 949 were employed in trade, exclusive of the keelmen and seamen, belonging to that port in the coal trade, &c.

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SUNDERLAND, a seaport, parliamentary, county and municipal borough, market and union town, situated on the south bank of the river Wear, near its mouth and contiguous to the German Ocean; it is also on the North Eastern railway, which has three stations here, respectively the termini of the lines from Gateshead and South Shields, Durham, Hartlepool and Seaham, 269 miles from London, 144 from Manchester, 177 from Liverpool, 144 from Edinburgh, 77 north from York, 72 from Carlisle, 14 ¾ north-east from Durham, 12 south-east from Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 228 ½ from Birmingham, 22 ½ north from West Hartlepool, 6 north from Seaham Harbour, 6 south from South Shields and 119 ½ north-by-west from Hull. It is the head of a petty sessional division and county court district, in the Houghton-le-Spring division of the county, east division of Easington ward, rural deanery of Wearmouth and archdeaconry and diocese of Durham.

The town was incorporated in 1634 by Thomas Morton, Bishop of Durham, the governing power being vested in a mayor, aldermen and commonalty, and this charter continued in force until the passing of the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 (5 & 6 William iv. cap. 76), by which the corporation was re-constituted under the title of the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the Borough of Sunderland: " the corporation was increased by the Act of 1867 to a mayor, 16 aldermen and 48 councillors, with other officers; the municipal borough comprises the parish of Sunderland, the townships of Bishopwearmouth Panns and Monkwearmouth Shore and parts of the townships of Bishopwearmouth and Monkwearmouth, Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth on the south of the Wear and Monkwearmouth on the north, and is divided into nine wards, named respectively East ward, Sunderland ward, Bishopwearmouth ward, Bridge ward, St. Michael’s ward, West ward, Monkwearmouth ward, Pallion ward and Hendon ward. The senior aldermen preside in their respective wards.

The parliamentary borough includes the municipal borough, with the addition of Southwick, and returns two members to Parliament, and under the provisions of the " Local Government Act, 1888,” the borough was declared a county borough for certain purposes.

The area of the municipal borough is as follows :-In the parish of Bishopwearmouth, 2,668 acres; in Sunderland, 220 acres; and in Monkwearmouth, 837 acres: total, 3,725 acres. The population in 1881 of the municipal borough was 116,542, and of the parliamentary borough, 124,841.

Sunderland has given the title of earl (1627) to the Scrope family, barons Scrope, of Bolton, and also (1643) to the Spencers, now Spencer-Churchill and Dukes of Marlborough; the Scrope earldom expired in 1630, on the death of the first holder of the title.

Sunderland, its port and environs, are considered places of great antiquity. Historians disagree as to its name and origin, but the name appears to mean the sundering of the new borough from the rest of South Wearmouth of King Athelstan’s grant. Leland and Camden refer to it briefly. Very little mention is made of its progress until about the middle of the 12th century, when there occurs a charter of privileges granted by Hugh Pudsey, Bishop of Durham, 1153-97, the preamble of which runs thus :-“To the free inhabitants of Sunderland, being part of my Episcopate,” and the charter sets forth that they are to share all enjoyments, privileges and liberties as were then possessed by the burgesses of Newcastle, which had been for a considerable time confirmed to them. About the middle of the 14th century Bishop Hatfield granted leases of the borough and port of Sunderland, with the rights of fisheries, tolls and stallage. In 1390, Ralph, Baron Neville, and the Hedworth family were seised in lands from these grants.

Edward IV. in 1463, granted by letters patent the borough and its right of fisheries to Robert Bertram. In 1507 the borough was granted to Sir Ralph Bowes knt. at subsequent periods until 1660 leases of anchorage in the Wear were granted, as well as the courts, fairs, markets and tolls, which had been vested in the Lambton family, whilst the Ettrick family enjoyed the privileges of the ferry boats, tolls of fruit and vegetables until 1795, when the commissioners of Wearmouth bridge purchased the same. Within the period mentioned above, Sunderland became a place of considerable importance on account of the progress of the coal trade in the river Wear, which began about the middle of the reign of Henry III. About the beginning of the year 1580 the Bishop of Durham appointed a water bailiff for the port of Sunderland, and many of his successors allowed, by grants patent, more extensive privileges. About the year 1640 many settlers from foreign parts, and from Scotland, made Sunderland their abode for the convenience of trade and commerce, which at that period was considerable.

The principal industry of Sunderland consists of iron shipbuilding, carried on to an extent greater than in any other ports in the empire except the Tyne and the Clyde, the launches on the Wear in 1889 amounting to 217,366 tons. The coal trade, for which Sunderland has gained such celebrity, gives employment to a large number of persons, and the Monkwearmouth Colliery, the sinking of which was begun in May, 1826, is 381 fathoms down and is said to be the deepest mine in the world: it extends to a great distance below the town, and partly under the sea. There are extensive anchor and chain cable works, hemp and wire roperies, glass works (flint and bottle), iron and iron forge works, breweries, paper mills and limekilns; the whole occupying without intermission the south and north banks of the river Wear from its mouth to Hylton, a distance of 5 miles. The glass trade was first introduced into Monkwearmouth by French artisans engaged on St. Peter’s church. During the year ending December 31, 1888, the number of vessels cleared from the port of Sunderland was 6,997, registering 2,539,502 tons; the tonnage rates received amounting to £24,865. During the previous year the number of vessels was 7,175, registering 2,565,914, and the tonnage rates received, £24,495 14s. 10d.: the trade of 1888 therefore shows a decrease of 178 vessels, and a decrease in tonnage on that of 1887 of 26,412 register tons, being 1.0 per cent.: the coasting trade of 1888 shows an increase, as compared with that of 1887, of 23,516 register tons, or 1.5 percent.: the European trade, similarly compared, has decreased by 43,887 register tons, or 4.8 per cent.; and that carried on beyond Europe also decreased in 1888 by 6.041 or 11.7 per cent.; but the average tonnage of vessels increased in the same period by 1.5 per cent, although fewer vessels of over 500 tons entered the port: the average payment per ton register is 2d.35.

The conservation of the port of Sunderland, which includes the river Wear and the South Docks, is vested in the River Wear Commissioners, who are elected by the coal owners, ship owners and merchants.

Piers.-The port of Sunderland is formed and protected by two piers on either side of the mouth of the river Wear, and stretching out to sea to a distance of 456 yards; the north pier, begun in 1706 and permanently constructed in 1788, is a massive structure of solid masonry, 617 yards in extreme length, and was completed in 1840; at the end of the pier is a lighthouse of freestone 75 feet high and 15 feet in diameter, originally erected in 1800-1, on a site about 500 feet distant from its present position, to which it was removed entire in 1841 at a cost of £827, under the superintendence of Mr. John Murray, engineer to the Wear Commissioners; the total weight of the structure thus ingeniously transported was 388 tons, and the time occupied in the operations extended from August 2 to October 4. The south pier, 650 yards in length and 11 feet in height above high water in ordinary spring tides, is a magnificent structure, forming an agreeable and popular promenade; the walk, which is 16 feet wide, being raised about two feet and protected by a handsome parapet; at the eastern extremity is an iron lighthouse 38 feet in height. A new pier, of which a length of 2,000 feet has been completed, is now (1889) in course of construction by the River Wear Commissioners, from the south end of the terrace promenade at Roker, under the superintendence of Mr. Henry H. Wake, engineer; the total length of the pier, which is intended to curve southwards passing across the Roker rocks, will be 2,760 feet, and the present south pier at the entrance to the harbour will be extended to a distance of 1,760 feet, with a slight curve to the north; the cost of the work, which will probably be finished in about four years, is estimated at £300,000. At the south entrance to the South Dock are two other piers, approaching each other from the north-west and south-west nearly at a right angle and forming a tidal harbour, the water way at the entrance being about 100 yards.

The South Docks, situated on the south side of the entrance to the river Wear, and opened in 1850, are the most important docks on the north-east coast, and afford every convenience to the large number of vessels frequenting them. They were originally constructed by the Sunderland Dock Company, with the late Mr. Geo. Hudson M.P. as chairman, but under the Wear Navigation and Sunderland Dock Act, 1859, the docks were transferred to the River Wear Commissioners in July in that year, and since that time extensions of a most important character have been made: beside the tidal and half tidal basins, there are three deep water docks-viz. the Hudson Dock North, of 18 acres; the Hudson Dock South, of 14 acres; and the Hendon Dock, of 11 acres. On the west side of Hudson Dock North are grain warehouses Nos. 1 and 2, and on the east side of Hudson Dock South is No. 3 warehouse, and on its western side coal staiths Nos. 3 to 31; there are also good piers and covered sheds for the fishing trade. The dock trade of 1888 shows a decrease of 29 vessels, but an increase on tonnage on that of 1887 of 6,459 register tons, or 0.4 per cent. Dockmaster, Mr. Peter Wilson, who resides at the South Dock.

The North Eastern Marine Engineering Co. Limited have extensive works at the South Docks, covering an area of over 4 acres, for the manufacture of marine engines and boilers, and the production of casting in iron and brass; manager, Mr. J. H. Irwin.

Monkwearmouth, or the North Dock, the property of the North Eastern Railway Company, has an area of about 6 acres, and was opened in 1840; it is capable of receiving 50 vessels of heavy tonnage, the entrance being opposite the end of the South Dock. Here are placed lifeboats, rocket apparatuses, life-buoys, Manby’s mortar, and other means of preventing accidents to vessels approaching the piers and harbour.

The graving docks of the River Wear Commissioners are two in number: No. 1 is 400 feet in length, with entrance gates 45 feet wide; No. 2 is 255 feet long, with caisson entrance width of 60 feet; both are under the control of Mr. Robert Loney, who resides on the South pier. The quantity of coal, coke &c. shipped in the port of Sunderland, which in 1825 was 1,330,414 tons, in 1887 was 4,261,292 tons, and in 1888 was 4,190,726 tons.

Imports and Exports.-The principal imports other than coal &c. are chalk, loam &c. esparto grass, flour, grain, hay, iron, ore, props, straw, tar and timber; the exports comprise bottles, cement, chemicals, earthenware, patent fuel, iron and lime. The imports of 1888 show a general increase on those of 1887, except in props and hay, but the exports for the same period, with the exception of iron, patent fuel and cement, have decreased.

The town is lighted with gas supplied by various companies and with water from the Sunderland and South Shields Water Works, the property of a company, first begun at Humbledon hill in 1846, and now at Humbledon hill, Fulwell, Ryhope, Dalton-le-dale and Cleadon, whence abundant supplies are obtained.

The Sunderland and Monkwearmouth bridge, connecting these two portions of the borough and crossing the river Wear at the foot of Bridge street, is a structure of cast and wrought iron, originally designed by Mr. Rowland Burdon, and constructed at a cost of £32,414, of which £30,000 was subscribed by the designer; it was opened for public traffic 9 August, 1796, and consists of a single arch of 236 feet span and 100 feet in height from low water; in 1805 it was strengthened by bracing frames arranged diagonally, at a cost of £1,833, and in 1851 became the property of the Corporation; in 1858-9 the bridge was reconstructed under the direction of Mr. Robert Stephenson at a total cost of £40,000; the width of the bridge, originally 33 feet, being increased by 7 feet and the ends over the springing at each end raised level with the centre of the arch. This bridge is now toll free.

The North Eastern Railway Company’s central station, situated in High street west, is a structure of brick, with stone dressings, in the Gothic style, and includes a clock tower, 108 feet in height: the central hall is 134 feet by 24, and the platforms are covered by an iron and glass roof of semi-elliptical form, 475 feet long, 45 feet high and 95 feet wide. A line of rails connecting this station with the Hartlepool railway on the south, and the lines to Newcastle and Shields on the north, give through communication from the South via Hartlepool and Sunderland to Newcastle and the North. The bridge which carries the line over the river Wear is about 20 yards west of the Sunderland bridge, and is an iron girder bridge of one span, supplemented at each end by a stone viaduct of three arches; there is a clear headway between the bridge and high-water mark of 84 feet 10 in.: the weight of iron used in its construction was over 1,000 tons, and the cost, exclusive of the station buildings, was £219,101; Mr. Bell, of York, the company’s chief architect, designed the station and the bridge and other works were constructed by Mr. T. E. Harrison, the chief engineer.

Sunderland anciently formed part of the parish of Bishop Wearmouth, but was constituted a separate parish by Act of Parliament, 5 George III.

The parish church of Holy Trinity, situated at the top of Church street, erected in 1719 and repaired and new roofed in 1803, is a plain edifice of brick, with stone mouldings, in the Classic style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, south porch and a western tower with pinnacles containing a clock and 8 bells, hung in 1829, at a cost of £505; on the tower is a sundial: there are side and end galleries, erected in 1842, at a cost of £730: in the front porch, or principal entrance, is a marble statue to the Rev. Robert Gray M.A. formerly rector of Sunderland, who died in 1838: there are 1,400 sittings. The register dates from the year 1719. The living is a rectory, gross yearly value £800, with residence, in the gift of the Bishop of Durham, and held since 1885 by the Rev. Samson Barradell Smith M.A. of St. Alban Hall, Oxford.

St. John’s is an ecclesiastical parish, formed by an Order in Council dated February 9th, 1875, under the provisions of 1 and 2 Viet. c. 106 and 2 and 3 Viet. c. 49: the church, situated near the moor on land given by Marshall Robinson esq. of Herrington, was erected by public subscription in 1769, as a chapel of ease to the parish church, the design and much of the cost being furnished by John Thornhill esq. and consists of chancel and nave, north and south porches, and a western tower containing one bell: the organ was presented by Queen Charlotte: the church is fitted throughout with Spanish oak and has 1,750 sittings, a portion being appropriated for the use of the military of the neighbouring garrison. The register dates from the year 1874. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £329, in the gift of the Bishop of Durham, and held since 1885 by the Rev. John Wakefield Willink M.A. of Pembroke College, Cambridge.

The Catholic Churches in the borough include s-St. Mary’s, in Bridge street, erected in 1835, a cruciform building in the Early English style, consisting of chancel and nave, with two small side chapels added in 1852: in the south or Lady chapel is a stained window representing the Immaculate Conception; the North or St. Joseph’s chapel is partly appropriated to the Sisters of Mercy: the ceiling of the nave is richly painted with sacred monograms: the high altar and the reredos are adorned with statuary, beautifully carved: the stained east window, erected by the congregation, is a memorial to the Rev. Philip Kearney, a former priest, and there are two other large stained windows in the chancel: the font is of Caen stone: there are sittings for nearly 2,000 persons. The Rev. Charles D. Turnerelli is priest; the Revs. L. Ormond and William Berkley, assistant priests.

St. Patrick’s, in Church street, erected in 1861, at a cost of £3,000, is a plain edifice of stone, and will seat 2,000 persons.

St. Joseph’s is situated in King’s Cross.

The Catholic church of St. Benet, situated in the Causeway, Monkwearmouth, in beautiful and spacious grounds, will seat 900 persons.

The Presbyterian body have several places of worship.

St. George’s chapel, in Villiers street, erected in 1825, at a cost of about £4,000, is an edifice of stone of the Doric order.

St. Stephen’s, situated at the north end of Sunderland Bridge, is an edifice of red brick, with black brick bands and stone dressings, erected at a total cost of about £3,000, from designs by Messrs. Joseph Potts and Son, architects: minister, Rev. W. Dryburgh M.A., B.D.

The others are :-Trinity, in Toward road; Smyrna, in Borough road; North Bridge street; St. George’s, in Villiers street; Peter Turnbull Memorial Hall, St. Mark’s road; and one now (1889) being built in Belvedere road. There is a Mission room in Norman street, Hendon.

The Baptist chapels include one in Barclay street, erected in 1834, a small building of brick, seating 500 persons.

There are others in Lindsey Road and Noble’s Bank road, and a Mission room in Hudleston street, and the Tatham Street (Bethesda) chapel, built in 1844 by the late Rev. A. A. Rees, will seat over 1,200 persons.

The Congregational body have Grange chapel, Stockton road, built in 1883, from the designs of Mr. J. P. Pritchett, architect, of Darlington, at a cost of £1,400, a building in the Early Decorated style, consisting of nave, aisles, transept and a tower containing a clock: there are sittings for 1,200 persons: Sunday schools of apsidal form, attached to the east end of this chapel, and opening from the gallery, were erected in 1882, at a cost of £2,500, and will hold between 800 and goo children.

The Union chapel, Chester Road, erected in 1889. at a cost of £5,000, is a building of stone, and will seat 850 persons.

There are others in Dundas street, Newcastle road (Emmanuel), Pemberton street, Sorley street and Willmore street; and a Mission room in Charles street.

The Methodist New Connexion places of worship include Park Road chapel, erected in 1886, from designs of Mr. John Eltringham, at a cost of £6,000; this is a building of stone, in the Early English style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, transept, organ chamber at the south end, north porch and a tower at the north-west angle: a gallery runs round the whole extent of the building: there are sittings for 750 persons. There are other chapels in Burdon road and Westbury street.

Primitive Methodist.-Williamson Terrace chapel (M) was erected in 1840 and rebuilt in 1880, and will seat about 1,200 persons.

Tatham Street chapel, erected in 1875, at a cost of £6,500, is an edifice in the Gothic style, from designs by Messrs. J. and T. Tillman, architects, and has 850 sittings.

Carol Street chapel, erected from designs by Messrs. J. and T. Tillman, architects, is Capable of seating about 500 persons.

There are other chapels in Charles street, Chester road, Emma street, Hylton road, Mainsforth terrace, Malins Bigg and Pilgrim street.

The United Methodist Free Church, in South Durham street, erected in 1868, is a structure of brick, with stone dressings, relieved by marble and granite, in the Lombardo-Italian style, and will seat about 1,000 persons. There are other chapels in Brougham street, Crescent row, Dock street, Hylton road, Hood street, Roker avenue and West Moor road.

Wesleyan.-St. John’s chapel in Ashbrooke road, erected in 1888 from designs by Mr. Robert Curwen, architect, of London, at a cost of £14,500, is a building of stone in the Geometrical Gothic style, and affords sittings for 920 persons.

Fawcett Street chapel, erected in 1885, is a building of stone, in the Lancet style; there is a stained window at the west end, and sittings for 1,500 persons.

High Street East chapel will seat nearly 400.

Whitburn Street chapel, rebuilt in 1826, at a cost of nearly £2,600, is a large edifice of brick, and will seat about 1,000 persons.

Sans Street chapel, in High street west, erected in 1793, and several times enlarged, has nearly 1,200 sittings.

There are other chapels in Crescent row, Dove street, Pallion, Durham road, Burn park, Hallgarth square, Milium terrace, Suffolk street south and Trimdon street, besides seven Mission rooms.

The Catholic Apostolic church (Irvingite) is in Hudson road; the Christian Lay church in Borough road,.

The Friends’ meeting house, in Nile street, erected in 1822, at a cost of nearly £3,000, is a plain building of brick: the burial ground attached is now disused, a new burial ground having been purchased in Bishopwearmouth.

The German Evangelical church, Hudson road (B), is an edifice of brick with stone dressings in the Gothic style.

The Jews’ Synagogue is in Moor street; the chapel of the Plymouth Brethen in G in Bridge road; there are Salvation Army barracks in Roker avenue, Spring Garden lane, and at the Wear music hall, Drury lane; and a Seamen’s Bethel in Zion street.

Cemeteries.-The Sunderland Cemetery, situated on the Ryhope road, about 2 miles south of Sunderland, was opened June 1, 1858, and covers an area of 28 acres, the whole being well laid out and neatly kept. There are two mortuary chapels with lofty spires, and in the cemetery is a drinking fountain 16 feet in height. It is under the control of a Burial Board of 9 members.Stolen from Fore bears

The Bishopwearmouth Cemetery, situated between the Hylton and Chester roads, about 1 mile west from Sunderland, was formed in 1856, and then covered an area of 34 acres, formerly part of the glebe, but was enlarged in 1889 by an additional 17 acres: there are two mortuary chapels in the Elizabethan style, designed by Mr. Thomas Moore, architect. Here are buried the larger number of the unfortunate children killed at the Victoria Hall on the 16th June, 1883. The cemetery is under the control of a Burial Board of 9 members, constituted 25th of July, 1854. The offices are at 32 John street.

The Monkwearmouth Cemetery, situated in the township of Fulwell, between Roker and Whitburn, has an area of about 32 acres, and was consecrated by the late Bishop of Manchester, June 27, 1856; there are two mortuary chapels. The grounds are tastefully laid out in well-arranged walks, John George Taylor, superintendent. It is under the control of a Burial Board of 18 members.

Public Buildings, Offices and Establishments.-The new municipal buildings, Fawcett street, now (1889) in course of erection at an estimated cost of £42,000, are in the French Renaissance style, from designs by Mr. Brightwen Binyon A.R.I.B.A. of Ipswich: the facade towards Fawcett street is 150 feet long, and that to Athenaeum street, and adjoining the south entrance to the railway station, is 94 feet: the principal entrance is in Fawcett street, through a tower 20 feet square, surmounted by an octagonal copper covered dome and cupola, the whole rising to a total height of 140 feet: the upper storey contains a clock with chimes, striking On a bell four tons in weight, and has four dials: the ground floor comprises various public offices: in the basement is a large muniment room, strong rooms, heating apparatus, wages office and store rooms: on the first or principal floor, approached by a fine staircase in the centre of the building, are the mayor’s room, with an ante-room and council chamber, town clerk’s offices, and two committee rooms; and at the north end of the building is a larger council chamber with a raised dais at the west end: on the second floor is a suite of rooms for the use of the School of Art and for a Sanitary Museum; there is also a caretaker’s house and a good kitchen, &c.: the building is well provided with lifts from the different departments: the internal corridors are of fireproof construction, and are well lighted from two large areas.

The municipal insignia consist of a mayor’s chain and badge, and corporate and mayoral seals. The chain, of gold, is formed by a number of reef-knots alternating with the letter “S,” the whole being united by small links; from the centre knot, which interlaces an anchor, hangs the badge, an ornamental pendant, displaying the arms of the town; the seal is simply an oval embossing stamp, bearing the same arms, with a marginal legend: the mayor’s seal is similar. No pfficial robes are worn.

The Police and Fire Brigade stations are in East Cross street.

The police force consists of one chief constable, one superintendent, three inspectors, one sub-inspector, four detective sergeants, one clerk, twelve sergeants and one hundred and twelve constables.

The Custom House, opened 22nd Nov. 1837, is approached from the High street, and its front faces the river Wear.

The Mercantile Marine and Board of Trade Offices, formerly the Sailors’ Home, in Prospect row, fronting the Town moor, form a structure of brick in the Flemish style, erected in 1856, at a cost of £4,000, from designs by Mr. J. G. Brown, architect.

There are public chain and anchor testing establishments of the River Wear Commissioners.

The Public Baths and Wash-houses, in the Hendon road, were erected in 1850, at a cost of £3,000, and are the property of the Corporation: the interior is fitted up with every convenience for washing and drying, and also comprises hot, cold and shower baths: the baths and wash-houses of Monkwearmouth, situated in Hallgarth square, and erected in 1854, are also the property of the Corporation: the public wash-houses in Moorgate street, which are also much frequented, are open to the public from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. except Saturdays, when they are closed at 4 p.m.

The Sunderland Literary Society and Subscription Library, Fawcett street, opened in October, 1877, at a cost of about £11,000, comprises a lecture hall, seating about 450, reading room and library: the library, originally founded about 1793, contains about 18,000 volumes: the magazine room contains a marble tablet to the memory of George Wilson Meadley, one of the original founders, and in the committee room is a marble tablet to Joseph Brown M.D.: in the library is the portrait of Edward Capper Robson esq. president of the society, presented by the subscribers, and one of the late Tom Taylor esq. given by his widow: there are other portraits of the late Dr. Tippin Brown, first president, and of the late Dr. Burn, by Bewicks in 1888 there were 600 members. The property is vested in the hands of trustees.

The Masonic Hall, situated in Park terrace, Toward road, overlooking the park, and erected in 1869, at a cost, including the lodge room fittings, of £2,000, is a building of white brick with freestone dressings, in Classic style, from designs by Mr. John Tillman, architect.: on the basement floor are the wine cellars, pantries, banqueting room and kitchen; on the ground floor is the lodge room, which is decorated with columns of the Corinthian order; and at the east end, ascended by three steps, is a dais, on which are seven canopied stalls for the W.M.’s; on the same floor are waiting and preparation rooms; on the first floor are the club rooms.

The Sunderland Conservative Club occupies premises at 47 John street, and there is a Junior Conservative Club at 39 New Arcade: the Monkwearmouth Conservative Club is at 9 North Bridge, and the Southwick Conservative Club in High Southwick; the New Hendon Conservative Club is at 21 Norman street.

The Sunderland and North Durham Liberal Club, 27 Fawcett street, and formerly known as the “Athenaeum,” is an edifice in the Ionic style, erected at a cost of about £12,000, the foundation-stone being laid by H.R.H. the late Duke of Sussex, in November, 1839: it comprises large reading, dining, smoking and billiard rooms: there are about 600 members; the Right Hon. the Earl of Rosebery P.C. is president. The Junior Liberal Club is at 18 Waterloo place; the Southwick Liberal Club at High Southwick, and the Monkwearmouth Liberal Club at 18 Monk street.

The Sunderland Club Limited is at 30 and 31 Fawcett street, and there are Chess land Yeomanry Clubs and a Cricket Club at Whitburn.

The Workmen’s Hall, in Whitburn street, Monkwearmouth, erected by subscription, in 1868, has On the ground floor reading rooms, class and club rooms, smoking, billiard and bagatelle rooms and apartments for a housekeeper; on the first floor is a large hall, capable of seating about 880 persons, and at the west end of the building is a spacious room, to seat 180 persons; president, Rev. J. H. Hancock F.R.G.S., F.A.S.

The Theatre Royal, in Bedford street, erected in 1855, from the designs of Mr. Middlemiss, will hold 2,300 people; Mr. Richard Thornton is the proprietor.

The Avenue Theatre, in Gill Bridge avenue, will hold 2,000 people: Mr. John Watson is the proprietor.

The Victoria Hall, in Park terrace, Toward road, was erected in 1870 by a limited liability company, consisting principally of members of the Temperance Society, at a cost of about £11,500, and is a building of red brick with stone dressings, in the Gothic style, from the designs of Mr. George Gordon Hoskins F.R.I.B.A.: it will seat 3,000 persons. A new Exhibition room and Lecture hall, to hold 200 persons, his been added. Frederick Taylor, proprietor.

Messrs. J. Backhouse and Co.’s Bank, situated in High street west, is a building of stone, from the designs of Mr. George Gordon Hoskins F.R.I.B.A. architect, of Darlington.

The National Provincial Bank of England Limited, also in High street west, is a building of stone, erected in 1878.

The Sunderland Gas Company’s Offices, situated at the south-west corner of Fawcett street, and erected in 1867, from the designs of Mr. G, G. Hoskins F.R.I.B.A. architect, of Darlington, are comprised in a structure of red pressed brick, with stone dressings, in the Gothic style: the south elevation occupies a frontage of about 80 feet towards the Borough road.

The Corn market is held on Saturday, from 12 noon to 1 p.m. in the Garrison Drill hall, Gill Bridge avenue, and in 1883 the whole of the open space was covered with a glass roof supported on iron pillars. The general market is reached through the Arcade entrance in High street east. On Saturday, the market day, there is a good supply of meat, butter and vegetables, and there are stalls for earthenware and clothes.

Hospitals and Charitable Institutions.-The Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth Infirmary, situated in New Durham road, at the west end of Bishopwearmouth, is a large edifice of brick, erected in 1868, at a cost of about £18,000; and in 1882 an additional building, called the “Backhouse Wing,” was erected at a cost of about £10,000. The “Hartley Wing,” for children, was erected in 1889, at a cost of £12,000. The yearly expenditure is about £6,000, nearly the whole of which sum is dependent upon voluntary offerings and annual subscriptions: in 1888 there were 140 beds, and the number of in and out door patients was 3,900.

The Borough Fever Hospital, in Hylton road, erected by the Corporation in 1889, at a cost of £21,000, is available for 50 patients.

The Sunderland and North Durham Eye Infirmary, Crow Tree road, was founded in 1836, and is supported by voluntary contributions: deserving persons are admitted without letters of recommendation: in 1888 there were 37 in and 958 out-door patients.

The Sunderland Provident Dispensary is at 6 Lambton street; the number of members is 3,700.

The Monkwearmouth and Southwick Dispensary and Accident Home is in Roker avenue.

The Blind Institute and workshops, in Villiers street, are partly supported by subscription and partly self-supporting, and give employment to about 40 blind people.

The Orphan Asylum, founded and endowed in 1853, by Bishop Maltby and the Freemen Stallingers of the borough, is situated, by an arrangement between the Bishop of Durham and the Corporation of Sunderland, on the edge of the Town Moor. The Asylum was erected in 1860, at a cost of £4,000, for the reception of orphan sons of seamen, who, in addition to the general and nautical education, are instructed in joinery and instrumental music; the elections, held half-yearly, are open to the United Kingdom, and 50 children in all can be received. The asylum has a small permanent income of £250 yearly, but is mainly dependent on voluntary subscriptions; it is open for the inspection of visitors on any day except Saturday, from 2 to 5 p.m. and is managed by a committee of 18 persons, the rector and mayor of Sunderland being ex-officio members.

Hudson’s Charity was founded by George Hudson esq. late of Monkwearmouth Grange, for the education, maintenance, support and clothing of orphan boys and girls between the ages of eight and fourteen, two-thirds being boys and one-third girls, and twenty of such boys to be the sons of sailors or pilots belonging to the port of Sunderland, twenty others of such boys being orphan children, born and living within, the parish of Monkwearmouth. The term “Orphan” to comprise only such children whose fathers are dead or paralyzed.

The Aged Seamen’s Asylum, Trafalgar square, is occupied by 104 old seamen and the widows of seamen: the buildings, erected by the trustees, under the Muster Roll Act (4 and 5, William IV.), are of brick, and form a quadrangle.

The Seamen’s Mission Institute, situated in the High street, and formerly known as the “Exchange,” is a substantial edifice of stone, erected in 1812-44, on a site granted for a term of years to the Corporation of Sunderland by the late Sir Henry Vane Tempest bart. M.P. who also laid the foundation-stone.

The Sailors’ Home is in Thomas street, Prospect row.

Pottery Buildings, North Moor street, were greeted in 1868, at a cost of £7,000, by the late Edward Backhouse esq. for the benefit of foreign sailors and the working classes-generally, on the site of the old Sunderland Pottery, part of which was retained and adapted for the purposes of school rooms and gratuitous tea meetings consists of a large hall capable of seating 1,000 persons, in which services are conducted by various ministers of the Society of Friends, on Sunday, Wednesday and Friday evenings, a committee room, a smaller room for the use of foreign seamen, and apartments for the custodian; in the centre of the building is a depot for the sale and distribution of Bibles and tracts in different languages. The missionary, who is also custodian, being versed in several languages, can at any time be referred to by foreign sailors: attached are schools for adults only of either sex: medical advice is also given gratis on Tuesday, mornings.

St. Bede’s Convent of the order of the Sisters of Mercy, is situated in Green street, and was established in 1843: there are nineteen sisters and a lady superior, who are occupied in visiting the sick, in the protection of distressed women of good character, and in the education of poor children: attached to the convent is a chapel, erected about 1857; Ellen O’Connell is lady superior.

Bowes’s Almshouses, on Bishopwearmouth green, founded by the Rev. John Bowes, rector of Bishopwearmouth, in 1721, were restored in 1879: the endowment amounts only to £5 a year, which is divided among the 12 inmates by the rector of the parish.

Gibson’s Almshouses, in Church lane, were founded by the will of Mrs. Jane Gibson, in 1725, for twelve poor persons, and subsequently endowed by other benefactors; the new building holds twelve female and four male inmates, all of whom are well provided for out of the endowments, which amount to about £400 yearly, arising from money invested in Consols.

The Marine Almshouses, in Crowtree road, were founded and endowed in 1820 by Mrs. Elizabeth Woodcock, for the reception of ten widows or daughters of master mariners, the income, amounting to about £260 yearly, arising from moneys invested in Consols.

Trinity Almshouses, in James Williams street, erected in 1719, and rebuilt in 1876, are for eight aged poor of Sunderland.

Williamson’s Charity of £10 is for distribution in money, of which £7 is for Monkwearmouth, £1 for Bishopwearmouth and £2 for Sunderland.

Naval, Military & Life Saving Establishments

The Barracks of the depot Battery Western division Royal Artillery occupy an area of 8 acres, near the northern extremity of the south dock, and overlook the German Ocean.

The head quarters of the 1st Durham Artillery Volunteers comprising eight batteries, is at the Green, Bishopwearmouth: north of the new promenade terrace at Roker, is a battery armed with 64 pounders.

The head quarters of the 3rd (Sunderland) Volunteer Battalion Durham Light Infantry are in Livingstone road, Bishopwearmouth.

Coast Guard Stations: On the north-east coast, or Sunderland division, are 8 stations, viz. Blythe, Tynemouth, South Shields, Sunderland, Seaham, Hartlepool, Coatham and Saltburn, and 12 detachments, viz. Cambois and Seaton Sluice, Cullercoates, Marsden, Whitburn and Roker, Ryhope, and Hawthorn Hythe, Blackhall and Seaton Carew, Marske and Skinnergrove, all under Inspecting Commander Robert Paul R.N. residing at 13 Park terrace, Sunderland. The Sunderland station, situated to the south of the South Pier, has one chief officer, William Thompson R.N. and six men.

Adjoining the station on the north is the station of the Volunteer Life Brigade, under the same officer, with three life boats, No. 2 (The Mary), No. 3 (Florence Nightingale) and No. 4 (John Foulkeston). The Life Brigade consists of 50 members on the north side and 75 on the south. Life-saving rocket apparatus is kept both here and at the Roker station, where also No. 1 lifeboat is kept: and here are the Brigade members’ house, the Royal Naval Reserve Drill Hall and Battery; William Thompson R.N. superintendent officer.

There is another Volunteer Life Brigade company at Whitburn with 25 members, a rocket house, company’s look-out room, lifeboat and house; and an additional lifeboat house and rocket apparatus at South Outlet.

Public Parks.-The People’s or Mowbray Park, which occupies a prominent site on either side of Burdon road, Bishopwearmouth, was purchased 17 Jan. 1854, from Miss Mowbray, for £2,000: in the park are two Russian guns, captured at Sebastopol, and on the highest part of the ground, towards the south, is a monument, erected by public subscription to the late gallant General Sir Henry Havelock bart. K.C.B. who was born at Ford Hall in this parish, April 5th, 1795. There is also a marble statute, by the late William Brooker, sculptor, erected by public subscription in 1888, at a costs of £350, to commemorate the calamity at the Victoria Hall, Sunderland, on Saturday 16th of June, 1883, by which 183 children lost their lives. The park was extended in 1866, by the purchase, from the North Western Railway Company, of land on the opposite or north side of their line, now called the New or Extension park, the principal feature of which is a terrace, 600 feet in length and 60 wide, with a balustraded fencing; towards the north end is a piece of ornamental water, with islets in its midst, and north of this and facing Borough road is the Borough Museum and Library, which form a block of buildings in the Classic style, erected from designs by Messrs. J. and T. Tillman, architects; the front elevation is nearly 200 feet long: the principal entrance in Borough road leads into a spacious entrance hall, to the right and left of which are the museum and curator’s room, library, librarian’s room and reading-room: the committee room is over the entrance hall and there are three rooms for the hall keeper: on the south side of the building is a winter garden. A new park was formed in 1880, at Roker, the land being given by Sir Hedworth Williamson bart. and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners; it consists of 19 acres of prettily Laid out grounds containing a small lake, a streamlet, bowling green and tennis courts.

Boldon or Building Hill, so-called because it was once a large quarry, from which the principal part of the town was built, is pleasantly situated, half a mile south-west from Sunderland, and surrounded by crescents, squares and esplanades: in the neighbourhood are many handsome villa residences, including Ashburn, the seat of Mrs. E. Backhouse; West Hendon House, of T. W. Backhouse esq.; Hendon Hill, of Miss Mounsey; Thornhill, of James Laing esq. J.P.; Ashbrooke Hall, of Mrs. Hartley and Park House, of John Dickinson esq.

Three daily newspapers are published in Sunderland, namely, the “Daily Echo,” 1873 (Liberal); “Daily Post” (Unionist) and the “Sunderland Shipping News” (1867); there is also one weekly newspaper, “The Sunderland Weekly Echo and Times,’’ 1837 (Liberal).

The County Court is held in John street: the sittings are once a month. The following places are within its jurisdiction :-Sunderland, Bishopwearmouth, Monkwearmouth, Castletown, Fulwell, Hendon, Offerton, Ryhope, Silksworth, Southwick, North Hylton & South Hylton. The Bankruptcy jurisdiction comprises the above district, & also the two county court districts of Seaham Harbour & Hartlepool. The Admiralty jurisdiction comprises the two districts of Sunderland and Seaham Harbour. This is also a district registry of the High Court of Justice; office hours 10 to 4, except Saturdays, when the office closes at 1.

Certified Bailiffs under the Law of Distress Amendment Act:-Robert Allan, 5 ½ Bridge street; William Atkinson, 22 ½ Crow Tree road; George William Barker; 1 Bridge street; George Barnes, 28 West Sunniside; Thomas Burlinson, 2 & 3 John street; William Crathorne, 8 Holmeside, Borough road; Arthur Trevor Crow, Manor house Athenaeum street; E. A. Crow, Manor house, Athenaeum street; George Wilson Eyvell, 27 Norfolk street; Thomas Fenbow, 1 Nile street; Alfred S. Fox, 19 Holmside; Thos.

George Garrick, 307 High street west; John James Reeves, 9 Lawrence street; James Thomas Smith, Saville place; Charles A. Spencer, Nelson street.

Sunderland union

The union consists of the parish of Sunderland, & the following townships, viz. Bishopwearmouth, Bishopwearmonth Panns, Ford, Fulwell, Hylton, Monkwearmouth, Monkwearmouth Shore, Ryhope, Southwick & Tunstall. The population of the union in 1881 was 139,288; rateable value in 1889, £562,371. The Board of Guardians meet fortnightly, on each alternate Thursday at 4 p.m. at their offices, 17 John street (B), on matters relating to the union & other parochial business.

Places of Worship, with times of services

Holy Trinity (Sunderland parish), Church street, Rev. S. Barradell Smith M.A. rector; Rev. John William Parish M.A. & Rev. John George K. Mackenzie B.A. curates; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 7 p.m.; Wed. &, Fri. 11 a.m.

All Saints’, Fulwell road, M, Rev. Alexander A. Boddy, vicar; Rev. George H. Ashworth B.A. curate; 8.30 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Tues. 7 p.m.

Christ Church, Ryhope road, B, Rev. Canon William Scott Moncrieff M.A. vicar; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. & Fri. 10.30 a.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

St. Andrew’s, Deptford, B, Rev. Henry H. Bishop M.A. vicar; Rev. William Mason, curate; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

St. Barnabas, Suffolk street south, B, Rev. Thomas Tilston M.A. vicar; Rev. Charles Anthony Hood Wood, curate; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.15 p.m.

St. Cuthbert's, Hamilton street, M, Rev. W. A. McGonigle B.D. vicar; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

St. Ignatius the Martyr, Suffolk st. B, Rev. Edgar Boddington M.A. vicar; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.15 p.m.

St. John’s, Prospect row, Moor, Rev. J. W. Willink M.A. vicar; Rev. A. F. Sim M.A. & Rev. T. C. Gobat B.A. curates; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 2.30 & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 a.m. & 7 p.m. & on holy days.

St. Luke’s, Palhon, Rev. William Borlase Tremenheere M.A. vicar; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

St. Michael’s (Bishopwearmouth parish), High street west, Ven. R. Long M.A. archdeacon of Auckland, rector; 8.30 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 8.30 a.m.; Wed. 11 a.m. & 7.30 p.m.; Fri. 11 a.m.; saint days, 11 a.m.

St. Mark’s, Hylton road, B, Rev. Wm. Proctor Swaby B.D. vicar; Rev. P. A. Derry M.A.; Rev. C. C. Ledger; & Rev. W. J. Knowlden B.A. curates; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

St. Paul’s, Hendon, B, Rev. Canon Benjamin Mathie M.A. rector; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily 8 a.m. & 7 p.m.

St. Peter’s, Cumberland st. B, Rev. Thos. Jackson Seeker M.A. vicar; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

St. Peter’s (Monkwearmouth parish), Church street, M, Rev. Charles Girdlestone Hopkinson M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge; Rev. Thomas Urmson M.A.; & Rev. Arthur Trehane Dingle M.A. curates; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 7 p.m.

St. Stephen’s, Anne street, B, James Blyth Oldroyd M.A. vicar; Rev. T. L. Brown, curate; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 9 a.m. & 7 p.m.

St. Thomas’s, John street, B, Rev. E. G. H. Caswell M.A. vicar & surrogate; Rev. Frederick M. Plummer; & Rev. Cecil H. Rolt B.A. curates; 10.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 11.30 a.m. & 7.30 p.m.; Fri. 11.30 a.m.; daily, 5 p.m.; holy communion, 2nd Sun. in month, 10.45 a.m.; other Sundays, 8.30 a.m.

Venerable Bede, Newcastle road, Rev. James H. Hancock M.A. vicar; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 9.30 a.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

Catholic Churches

St. Mary’s, 27 Bridge street, B, Rev. Charles D. Turnerelli, priest; Rev. Lawrence Ormond, second priest; Rev. William Berkery, third priest; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. & Fri. 7.30 p.m.

St. Benet’s, The Causeway, M, Rev. Jules de Floer, priest; 8.30 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 8.30 a.m.; Tues. & Fri. 7.30 p.m.

St. Joseph’s, King’s Cross, B, Rev. Michael Callanan & Rev. D. O’Kelly, priests; 8.30 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 8.30 a.m.; Mon. & Thur. 7.30 p.m.

St. Patrick’s, Church street, Rev. J. Foran, priest; Rev. Denis Hassett, second priest; 8, 9.30 & 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Wed. 7.30 p.m.; Thur. 6.30 p.m.

Presbyterian

St. Stephen’s, North Bridge st. M, Rev. W. Dryburgh M.A., B.D. minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Smyrna, Borough road, B, Rev. John W. Ellison M.A. minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Trinity, Toward road, B, Rev. James Slater Rae, minister; 10.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

North Bridge street, Rev. John Thomas Middlemiss, minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

Peter Turnbull Memorial Hall, St. Mark’s road, B, D. Patterson M.A. minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

St. George’s, Villiers street, B, Rev. J. L. Rentoul M.A. minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Catholic Apostolic Church, Hudson road, B; 10 a.m. & 5 p.m.; Wed. 10 a.m. & 7 p.m.

German Evangelical Church, Hudson road, B, Rev. Fredk. Martin Elias Harms, pastor; 10.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

Jewish Synagogue, Moor street, B, Rev. Aaron Asher Green, rabbi; sat. 9.30 a.m.; Fri. at sunset.

Society of Friends’ Meeting House, 30 Nile street, B; services, Sun. 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 10.30 a.m.

Baptist

Enon, Barclay street, M, Rev. William Gourley Lumsden, minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Gospel Hall, Noble’s Bank road, ministers various; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Bethesda, Tatham street, B, ministers various; 10.30a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.15 p.m.

Lindsey road, B, Rev. Henry Charles Bailey, minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Congregational: —

Dundas street, M, Rev. William Redman, minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Pemberton street, B, Rev. Edmund George King, minister; 10.45 a.m. & 6.30p.m.; Wed. 7.15 p.m.

Union, Chester road, B, Rev. W. H. Harwood, minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Emmanuel, Newcastle road, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

The Grange, Stockton road, Rev. James Kirkman Nuttall, minister; 10.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Free Chapel (Jireh), Stockton road, B, ministers various; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

Sorley street, B, 10. 30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.15 p.m.

Willmore st. B, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m. Primitive Methodist:-

Charles street, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

Carol street, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Tues. 6.30 p.m.

Malins Rigg, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Tues. 7 p.m.

Hylton road, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

Mainsforth terrace, B, Rev. George Seamen, minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Wed. 7p.m.

Pilgrim street, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

Williamson terrace, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.

Tatham street, B, Rev. George Seamen, minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Chester road, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Tues. 7 p.m.

Emma street, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

Methodist New Connexion, Westbury street, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.

Methodist New Connexion, Burdon road, B, Rev. Robert Fanshaw, minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; wed, 7.30 p.m.

Unitarian, Bridge street, B, Rev. William Birks, minister; 10.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

United Methodist Free Church

Brougham street, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Thur. 7.15 p.m.

Dock street, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Tues. 7 p.m.

George street west, B, 10,30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Mon. 7 p.m.

Hylton road, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

South Durham street, B, Rev. Richard Elijah Abercrombie, minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

Crescent row, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

Hood street, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.

Roker avenue, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

West Moor road, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.

Wesleyan :—

Fawcett street, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

St. John’s, Ashbrooke road, B, Rev. William Rodwell Jones, minister; 10.30 a.m. &, 6.30 p.m.

Milium terrace, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Mon. 7 p.m.

Dove street, Pallion, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

Trimdon street, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Mon. 7 p.m.

Whitburn street, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Tues. 7 p.m.

High street east, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Thur. & sat. 7 p.m.

High street west, B, Rev. William Jackson, minister; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Mon. 7.15 p.m.

Hallgarth square, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Mon. 7 p.m.

Crescent row, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Tues. 7 p.m.

Suffolk street south, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Tues. & Fri. 7 p.m.

Durham road, Burn Park, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Christian Lay Church, Borough road, 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.; 23 Cornwall street, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Hedworth terrace, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.; James Williams street, William Hume, superintendent; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Tues. 7 p.m.; & 43 Warwick st. M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.

Plymouth Brethren, 1 Gill Bridge avenue, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Seamen’s Bethel (Zion), Zion street, B, Mr. William Fowler, minister; 3 & 6.30 p.m.; Fri. 7.30 p.m.

Mission Rooms

Venerable Bede, Brooke street, M, 6.30 p.m.; Mon, 7.30 p.m.

Flag lane (parish), Rev. Samson Barradell Smith, minister; 6.30 p.m.; Tues. 7.30 p.m.

Ryhope Church Mission, Grange terrace, Grange town, Ryhope road, B; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

St. Bede’s, Salem court, Roker avenue, in St. Cuthbert’s, Bonner’s field, M.

St. George’s, Hartley street, Rev. J. L. Rentoul M.A.; 3.15 & 6.30 p.m.; Tues. 7.30 p.m.

St. Hilda’s, Railway row, B, Rev. Frederick Charles Macdonald B.A. minister in charge; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

St. John’s Church Army, 148 High street east, Thomas Moore, superintendent; daily 8 p.m.

St. Luke’s, 5 Rutland street, B.

St. Michael’s, 9 Hopper street, B, 6.30 p.m.

St. Peter’s, Dame Dorothy street, in St. Stephen’s, Anne street, B.

Sans street (Church of England), Frederick Plummer, superintendent; 6.30 p.m.

St. George’s (Presbyterian), Norman street, Hendon, B; 7.30 p.m.; Tues. 7.30 p.m.

Baptist, 40 Hudlestone street, 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.15 p.m.

Brooke street, M.

Charles street, B (Congregational), 2.30 & 6.30 p.m.

Christian Mission, Bright street, M.

Deptford yard, Deptford terrace, B, Sister Frances, supt.

Divine Healing Home, 21 Tatham street, B, Rev. John William Jopling, minister; 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 3 p.m.

Foreign Seamen’s, Pottery buildings, George Gravert, superintendent; 10.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

Mission for German Seamen, 137 High street east.

Norman street, B (Young Men’s Christian Association), 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Salvation Army Barracks, Roker avenue, M, & Spring Garden lane.

Salvation Army Barracks, Wear Music hall, Drury lane.

Town Mission, James Williams street, B, Joseph Penrose Beel, missionary; 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Wed. 7 p.m.

Wesleyan, 2 Bell street, B; Calvert street, M; 35 Dunning street, B; Johnson street, B, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.; Duke street north, M, 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Numbers Garth, B, Ocean road, Grange town, 6.30 p.m.

School Board.

The Board consists of 15 members, & was formed January 13, 1871.

Offices, 15 John street, B.

Clerk, Thomas Wood Bryers.

Solicitor, Thomas Charles McKenzie, 66 John street, B.

Treasurer, William Tone, Messrs. Lambton & Co.

Schools Officers, John Clark, 15 Havelock terrace, B; R. C. Embleton, Walter Shadforth, William Glossop, 4 St. Michael’s place, B; Lewis Payne.

Board Schools.

James Williams street (mixed & infants), built in 1873, for 1,000 children; average attendance, 327 boys, 303 girls & 320 infants.

Thomas street (mixed & infants), built in 1875, for 1,300 children.

Hendon (mixed & infants), built in 1879, for 1,300 children; average attendance, 436 boys, 436 girls & 400 infants.

Hendon Valley road (mixed & infants), built in 1883, for 1,400 children; average atendance, 500 boys, 430 girls & 420 infants.

Hylton road (mixed & infants), built in 1888, for 1,300 children.

Diamond Hall (mixed & infants), built in 1878, for 1,212 children; average attendance, 416 boys, 395 girls & 317 infants.

Moor Chapel street (mixed & infants), built in 1877, for 510 children; average attendance, 230 boys, 178 girls & 102 infants.

Garden street, built in 1876, for 275 boys & girls & 256 infants; full attendance.

Stansfield street (mixed & infants), built in 1882, for 1,340 children; average attendance, 452 boys, 350 girls & 400 infants.

Stimpson street (mixed & infants), built in 1884, for 1,274 children; average attendance, 462 boys, 394 girls & 350 infants.

Other Schools.

High School for Boys, Church Schools Co. Lim. St. Bede’s tower, Burdon road.

High School for Girls, Church Schools Co. Lim. Mowbray road.

Sunderland School of Science & Art, 27 Fawcett street.

Orphan Asylum, Town moor.

Donnison (Free), Church walk, founded in 1778, by Mrs. Elizabeth Donnison, for the clothing & instruction of 36 girls from the age of seven to fourteen years; the income amounts to about £120 per annum.

Bishop Gray’s (Endowed), on the Moor (mixed & infants), erected in 1857, for 756 children; aver, attend 300 boys, 300 girls & 144 infants.

Hall (The), Park ter. Toward road.

Bishopwearmouth National, Paley street (mixed & infants), for 1,350 children; average attendance, 467 boys, 390 girls & 202 infants.

Monkwearmouth National, Milium terrace (mixed & infants), built in 1847, for 300 boys, 200 girls & 200 infants; average attendance, boys & infants full, girls 160.

St. Andrew’s National, Neville street, Deptford (mixed & infants), built for 581 children; average attendance, boys 246, girls 185, infanta 120.

St. Andrew’s National, Church street west, built in 1842, for 100 infants.

St. John’s National, Prospect row (mixed & infants), built in 1883, for 360 children; average attendance, 130 boys, 130 girls & 100 infants.

St. Luke’s Church of England, Pallion (mixed), built in 1870, for 220 children.

St. Paul's National,Hendon street (mixed & infants), built in 1856, for 480 children; full attendance.

St. Peter’s Church, Charles street (mixed & infants), for 660 children; average attendance, 300 boys, 200 girls & 160 infants.

British, Sunniside, Norfolk street (boys), built in 1858, for 550 boys; average attendance, 545.

British, Borough road (girls), erected in 1852, for 297 girls; average attendance, 250.

Wearmouth Colliery, Southwick road, North Bridge street, for 365 boys, 335 girls & 237 infants.

CATHOLIC SCHOOLS.

St. Benet’s, The Causeway (mixed & infants), built in 1866, for 600 children; average attendance, 460.

St. George’s, Green street (infants), built in 1864, for 170 infants; average attendance, 140.

St. Joseph’s, King’s Cross, built in 1871, for 460 children; average attendance, mixed 250, infants 146.

St. Mary’S, Pan lane (girls & infants), built in 1835, for 200 children; average attendance, 160 girls & infants.

St. Mary’s, Pan lane, built in 1835, for 200 boys.

St. Patrick’s, Sussex street, for 500 children; average attendance, full.

Wesleyan, 25 Herrington street (boys), built in 1868, for 280 boys; average attendance, 230.

Wesleyan, King street (mixed & infants), built in 1866, for 420 children.

Girls’ Industrial, 17 & 18 Tatham street, built in 1867, for 60 girls.

Girls’ Reformatory, Tatham street, for 50 girls.

Boys’ Industrial, Thomas street, built in 1727, for about 100 boys.

Day Industrial School, Crow Tree house, The Green B, for 100 boys.

Water Conveyances

Steamboats to & from London to South Dock, leave Sunderland, sat.; return from London, Wed. S.S. “Havelock,” W. H. Thompson, 27 John street. See advertisement Steamboats to & from Leith, every Wed. & sat.; S.S. “Resolute,” H. D. Dennis, 195 High street east.