Radwinter Genealogical Records
Radwinter Birth & Baptism Records
An index to births registered throughout England & Wales. Provides a reference to order copies of birth certificates from the national registrar of births, marriages and deaths – the General Register Office.
Baptism records from people born in and around Radwinter between 1638 and 1972. Lists the name of people's parent's and other details.
Transcriptions of records from baptism registers. They list parents' names - their occupations, residence and sometimes other details.
Digital images of all baptism registers deposited at Essex Archives. Some registers are indexed by name.
Transcriptions of 206 parish baptism registers. They list children, their parents' names, residences, occupations and sometimes other details.
Radwinter Marriage & Divorce Records
An index to marriages registered throughout England & Wales. This is the only national marriage index that allows you to search by both spouse's names. Provides a reference to order copies of marriage certificates from the national registrar of births, marriages and deaths – the General Register Office.
The Banns register of St. Mary the Virgin, Radwinter gives details on those who intended to marry. They record an individual's real parish of residence if they moved to a parish temporarily for the purpose of a marriage.
Details on those who married at St. Mary the Virgin, Radwinter between 1638 and 1974. Information given may include parents' names, ages, marital status, abode and more.
A transcript of marriage registers, searchable by a name index. Details given on the bride and groom may include their age, father's name, marital status, residence and signature.
Images of original marriage licences from the Diocese of London, searchable by a name index. These records can provide details not listed in marriage registers, such as age, parents and occupations. They can also act as a substitute in the case of missing marriage registers.
Radwinter Death & Burial Records
An index to deaths registered throughout England & Wales. Provides a reference to order copies of death certificates from the national registrar of births, marriages and deaths – the General Register Office.
Records of burial for people buried at St. Mary the Virgin, Radwinter between 1638 and 1919. Details include the deceased's name, residence and age.
Transcriptions of records from burial registers. They may detail the deceased's name, residence and age. Some records may contain the names of relations, cause of death and more.
Burial records covering those buried at St Mary the Virgin, Radwinter_. This resource is an index and may not include all the details that were recorded in the burial registers from which they were extracted.
Digital images of all burial registers deposited at Essex Archives. Some registers are indexed by name.
Radwinter Census & Population Lists
An index to and digital images of records that detail 40 million civilians in England and Wales. Records list name, date of birth, address, marital status, occupation and details of trade or profession.
The 1911 census provides details on an individual's age, residence, place of birth, relations and occupation. FindMyPast's index allows searches on for multiple metrics including occupation and residence.
The 1901 census provides details on an individual's age, residence, place of birth, relations and occupation. FindMyPast's index allows searches on for multiple metrics including occupation and residence.
The 1891 census provides details on an individual's age, residence, place of birth, relations and occupation. FindMyPast's index allows searches on for multiple metrics including occupation and residence.
The 1881 census provides details on an individual's age, residence and occupation. FindMyPast's index allows for searches on multiple metrics including occupation and residence.
Newspapers Covering Radwinter
Original images of a local newspaper, searchable via a full text index. Includes news from the Cambridge area, business notices, obituaries, family announcements and more.
A record of births, marriages, deaths, legal, political, organisation and other news from the Hertford area. Original pages of the newspaper can be viewed and located by a full text search.
A local newspaper including news from the Cambridge area, family announcements, business notices, advertisements, legal & governmental proceedings and more.
Regional news; notices of births, marriages and deaths; business notices; details on the proceedings of public institutions; adverts and a rich tapestry of other regional information from the Essex district. Every line of text from the newspaper can be searched and images of the original pages viewed.
A regional newspaper including news from the Essex district, business notices, family announcements, legal & governmental proceedings, advertisements and more.
Radwinter Wills & Probate Records
Searchable index and original images of over 12.5 million probates and administrations granted by civil registries. Entries usually include the testator's name, date of death, date of probate and registry. Names of relations may be given.
A searchable index connected to images surviving wills and probate documents for the Commissary Court of London. These records can help trace families back to the late 15th century.
A searchable index connected to images surviving wills and probate documents for the Consistory Court of London. These records can help trace families back to the late 15th century.
Transcriptions of early wills covering the City of London and its environs.
An index to probates granted by the Consistory Court of London. The index contains name of the deceased, type and date of grant and residence.
Radwinter Immigration & Travel Records
A name index connected to original images of passenger lists recording people travelling from Britain to destinations outside Europe. Records may detail a passenger's age or date of birth, residence, occupation, destination and more.
A full index of passenger lists for vessels arriving in the UK linked to original images. Does not include lists from vessels sailing from European ports. Early entries can be brief, but later entries may include dates of births, occupations, home addresses and more. Useful for documenting immigration.
An index to and images of documents recording over 1.65 million passengers who arrived in Victoria, Australia, including passengers whose voyage was paid for by others.
Details on over 600,000 non-British citizens arriving in England. Often includes age and professions. Useful for discerning the origin of immigrants.
Details on thousands of 17th century British immigrants to the U.S., detailing their origins and nature of their immigration.
Radwinter Military Records
A chronicle of the regiment's part in numerous military campaigns from around the world.
A list of names found on World War One monuments in Essex, with some service details.
A list of names found on World War Two monuments in Essex, with some service details.
A searchable list of over 100,000 British Army POWs. Records contains details on the captured, their military career and where they were held prisoner.
Details on around 165,000 men serving in the British Army, Navy and Air Force who were held as prisoners during WWII.
Radwinter Court & Legal Records
An index to over 1,800 cases brought before the court. For witnesses, age and residence is usually given. The cases cover such matters as defamation, marriage and tithes.
An index to 3,104 cases brought before the court. For witnesses, age and residence is usually given. The cases cover such matters as defamation, marriage and tithes.
An index to names and places mentioned in act books of the Province of Canterbury. It records various licences and conferments, such as marriage and physician licences.
Records of over 300,000 prisoners held by quarter sessions in England & Wales. Records may contain age, occupation, criminal history, offence and trial proceedings.
Over 175,000 records detailing prisoner's alleged offences and the outcome of their trial. Contains genealogical information.
Radwinter Taxation Records
An index to 11,000,000 parcels of land and property, connected to digital images of registers that record their owner, occupier, description, agricultural use, size and rateable value.
This vital collection details almost 1.2 million properties eligible for land tax. Records include the name of the landowner, occupier, amount assessed and sometimes the name and/or description of the property. It is a useful starting point for locating relevant estate records and establishing the succession of tenancies and freehold. Most records cover 1798, but some extend up to 1811.
An index linked to original images of registers recording apprenticeship indentures. Details are given on the trade and nature of apprenticeship. Many records list the parents of the apprentice.
A compilation of records from the Court of the Exchequer primarily dealing with taxes and land. These records are in Latin.
An index to wills and administrations that incurred a death duty tax. The index can be used to order documents that give a brief abstract of the will and details on the duty. It can be used as a make-shift probate index.
Radwinter Land & Property Records
An index to 11,000,000 parcels of land and property, connected to digital images of registers that record their owner, occupier, description, agricultural use, size and rateable value.
This vital collection details almost 1.2 million properties eligible for land tax. Records include the name of the landowner, occupier, amount assessed and sometimes the name and/or description of the property. It is a useful starting point for locating relevant estate records and establishing the succession of tenancies and freehold. Most records cover 1798, but some extend up to 1811.
Poll books record the names of voters and the direction of their vote. Until 1872 only landholders could vote, so not everyone will be listed. Useful for discerning an ancestor's political leanings and landholdings. The collection is supplemented with other records relating to the vote.
Abstracts of records detailing the estates and families of deceased tenants from the reigns of Henry III and Edward I.
A compilation of records from the Court of the Exchequer primarily dealing with taxes and land. These records are in Latin.
Radwinter Directories & Gazetteers
A comprehensive place-by-place gazetteer, listing key contemporary and historical facts. Each place has a list of residents and businesses. Contains details on local schools, churches, government and other institutions.
A comprehensive place-by-place gazetteer, listing key contemporary and historical facts. Each place has a list of residents and businesses. Contains details on local schools, churches, government and other institutions.
A comprehensive place-by-place gazetteer, listing key contemporary and historical facts. Each place has a list of residents and businesses. Contains details on local schools, churches, government and other institutions.
A comprehensive place-by-place gazetteer, listing key contemporary and historical facts. Each place has a list of residents and businesses. Contains details on local schools, churches, government and other institutions.
A comprehensive place-by-place gazetteer, listing key contemporary and historical facts. Each place has a list of residents and businesses. Contains details on local schools, churches, government and other institutions.
Radwinter Cemeteries
Transcriptions and illustrations of monuments erected remembrance of personages in Essex. Also contains pedigrees for historic families of the county.
Photographs and descriptions of Essex's most illustrious church monuments, often featuring effigies, medieval inscriptions and heraldic devices.
An index to vital details engraved on over 170,000 gravestones and other monuments across the county of Essex.
Images of millions of pages from cemetery and crematoria registers, photographs of memorials, cemetery plans and more. Records can be search by a name index.
Photographs and transcriptions of millions of gravestones from cemeteries around the world.
Radwinter Obituaries
The UKs largest repository of obituaries, containing millions of searchable notices.
A growing collection currently containing over 425,000 abstracts of obituaries with reference to the location of the full obituary.
A collection of 364 obituaries of Quakers from the British Isles. The volume was published in 1849 and includes obituaries of those who died in late 1847 through 1848.
This transcribed and searchable work by Sir William Musgrave contains 10,000s of brief obituaries. The work is a reference point for other works containing information on an individual.
A text index and digital images of all editions of a journal containing medical articles and obituaries of medical practitioners.
Radwinter Histories & Books
A detailed history of the county's hundreds, parishes and religious houses.
A traveller's guide to four Southern counties.
Photographs and images of churches in Essex.
Photographs of the interiors and exteriors of Essex churches. Also contains some architectural information.
A short list of words and phrases peculiar to the two counties.
Radwinter School & Education Records
A name index connected to digital images of registers recording millions of children educated in schools operated by the National Society for Promoting Religious Education. Records contain a variety of information including genealogical details, education history, illnesses, exam result, fathers occupation and more.
A name index linked to original images of registers recording the education and careers of teachers in England & Wales.
A name index linked to original images of short biographies for over 120,000 Oxford University students. This is a particularly useful source for tracing the ancestry of the landed gentry.
A transcript of a vast scholarly work briefly chronicling the heritage, education and careers of over 150,000 Cambridge University students. This is a particularly useful source for tracing the ancestry of the landed gentry.
A searchable database containing over 90,000 note-form biographies for students of Cambridge University.
Radwinter Occupation & Business Records
An introduction to smuggling in on the east coast of England, with details of the act in various regions.
Details of the wages to be expected for various tradesmen and labourers.
An introduction to smuggling on the east coast of England, with details of the act in various regions.
Histories of Essex pubs, with photographs and lists of owners or operators.
Short histories of former public houses, with photographs and lists of owners or operators.
Pedigrees & Family Trees Covering Radwinter
Transcriptions and illustrations of monuments erected remembrance of personages in Essex. Also contains pedigrees for historic families of the county.
A detailed history of the county's hundreds, parishes and religious houses.
Extensive and impeccably sourced genealogies for British, Irish & Manx royalty and nobility. Scroll down to 'British Isles' for relevant sections.
A searchable database of linked genealogies compiled from thousands of reputable and not-so-reputable sources. Contains many details on European gentry & nobility, but covers many countries outside Europe and people from all walks of life.
A searchable book, listing pedigrees of titled families and biographies of their members.
Radwinter Royalty, Nobility & Heraldry Records
A detailed history of the county's hundreds, parishes and religious houses.
Five collections of pedigrees based on 16th and 17th century genealogical manuscripts. These works record families who had a right to bear coat of arms, essentially the gentry.
Photographs and descriptions of Essex's most illustrious church monuments, often featuring effigies, medieval inscriptions and heraldic devices.
Extensive and impeccably sourced genealogies for British, Irish & Manx royalty and nobility. Scroll down to 'British Isles' for relevant sections.
A searchable database of linked genealogies compiled from thousands of reputable and not-so-reputable sources. Contains many details on European gentry & nobility, but covers many countries outside Europe and people from all walks of life.
Radwinter Church Records
The primary source of documentation for baptisms, marriages and burials before 1837, though extremely useful to the present. Their records can assist tracing a family as far back as 1638.
An index to over 1,800 cases brought before the court. For witnesses, age and residence is usually given. The cases cover such matters as defamation, marriage and tithes.
Digital images of all parish registers deposited at Essex Archives. Some registers are indexed by name.
Transcriptions of registers that record baptisms, which typically occur shortly after birth; marriages and burials. They can help establish links between individuals back to the 16th century.
Photographs of the interiors and exteriors of Essex churches. Also contains some architectural information.
Biographical Directories Covering Radwinter
A searchable book, listing pedigrees of titled families and biographies of their members.
A book containing genealogies and biographies of Britain's titled families.
A book containing genealogies and biographies of Britain's titled families.
Brief biographies of Anglican clergy in the UK.
A directory containing lengthy biographies of noted British figures. The work took over two decades to compile. Biographies can be searched by name and are linked to images of the original publication.
Radwinter Maps
A collection of maps plotting the counties of Essex and Suffolk, and some of their settlements.
Digital images of maps covering the county.
Detailed maps covering much of the UK. They depict forests, mountains, larger farms, roads, railroads, towns, and more.
Maps showing settlements, features and some buildings in mainland Britain.
An index to 11,000,000 parcels of land and property, connected to digital images of registers that record their owner, occupier, description, agricultural use, size and rateable value.
Radwinter Reference Works
A database of names of fields, roads, inns, houses, farms, manors, places, rivers, streams, woods, etc, and names of owners, tenants, landlords, parties to agreements etc, recorded from historic documents.
A beginner’s guide to researching ancestry in England.
Compiled in 1831, this book details the coverage and condition of parish registers in England & Wales.
A comprehensive guide to researching the history of buildings in the British Isles.
A service that provides advanced and custom surname maps for the British Isles and the US.
Civil & Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction
Historical Description
RADWINTER is a parish and village, beautifully situated in a picturesque and well-wooded country on the upper part of the river Blackwater, here called the Pant or Freshwell: it is 5 miles east from Saffron Walden station on a branch of the Great Eastern railway, 5 north from Thaxted, 8 south-west from Haverhill and 48 from London, in the Northern division of the county, Freshwell hundred, Saffron Walden petty sessional division, union and county court district, and in the rural deanery of Sampford, archdeaconry of Colchester and diocese of St. Albans. The church of St. Mary the Virgin is a building of local stone in the Decorated style, consisting of chancel, nave of four bays with clerestory, aisles, vestries, south porch and a massive embattled western tower with spire, containing a clock with four dials, and chimes playing at the hours and quarters, and 8 fine-toned bells, three of which are dated 1616, one is of pre-Reformation date, and the remainder were hung in 1798, 1870 and 1888: the font is of stone with a modern carved canopy: hung round the interior of the church are pictures representing the stations of the Cross, and there are several beautiful oil paintings in the baptistery and in the chancel, which also retains a piscina: the stained east window was the gift of members of the Bullock family, and there are nine other stained windows: the Teredos of carved oak, a curious example of Belgian work, dating from about 1520, exhibits scenes from the life of the Blessed Virgin: the gilded screen separating the chancel and nave is also a magnificent piece of workmanship: the church was enlarged and the chancel rebuilt in 1869, and the tower and spire restored and a turret built in 1877: the tower was rebuilt in 1888 at a cost of over £2,000: there are 400 sittings. In 1901 a lych gate was given by two members of the congregation in memory of the long reign of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria. The register dates from the year 1638. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £450, with 62 acres of glebe and residence, in. the gift of Walter Henry Bullock esq. and Keble College, Oxford, alternately, and held since 1865 by the Rev. John Frederic Watkinson Bullock B.A. of St. Peter’s College, Cambridge. St. Pris’ Well, in this parish, is a source of a feeder of the Pant: there are six well-built brick almshouses on the north side of the church, erected in 1889 by the sisters of the present rector, who has also built a reading room and parish dispensary. The rent of a blacksmith’s shop and a small piece of ground let in allotments, and given by a donor unknown, is vested in the churchwardens for the repairs of the church. The Homestead is the property and residence of David Price-Powell esq. Walter Henry Bullock esq. of The Warren, Faulkbourne, and F. Fisher esq. of Watford, are owners of the manor and principal landowners. The soil is clay; subsoil, gravel. The chief crops are wheat, barley and beans. The area is 3,870 acres of land and 6 of water; rateable value, £3,329; the population in 1901 was 689.
BROCKELLS is 1 mile south-east; STOCKING GREEN is 1 mile north-west.
National School (mixed), built about 1853 & enlarged in 1877, for 200 children; average attendance, 140.
Most Common Surnames in Radwinter
| Rank | Surname | Incidence | Frequency | Percent of Parent | Rank in Freshwell Hundred |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Swan | 49 | 1:17 | 13.28% | 254 |
| 2 | Chapman | 48 | 1:18 | 2.74% | 17 |
| 3 | Mascall | 37 | 1:23 | 43.02% | 1,165 |
| 4 | Andrews | 34 | 1:25 | 2.96% | 44 |
| 4 | Halls | 34 | 1:25 | 5.30% | 123 |
| 6 | Ruse | 31 | 1:27 | 40.79% | 1,288 |
| 7 | Thake | 29 | 1:29 | 19.46% | 687 |
| 8 | Gowlett | 27 | 1:31 | 31.76% | 1,177 |
| 9 | Kittridge | 23 | 1:37 | 76.67% | 2,608 |
| 10 | Richardson | 21 | 1:40 | 1.76% | 39 |
| 10 | Barker | 21 | 1:40 | 1.28% | 22 |
| 12 | Potts | 20 | 1:42 | 19.80% | 1,019 |
| 12 | Stock | 20 | 1:42 | 2.82% | 109 |
| 14 | Ridgewell | 19 | 1:44 | 8.12% | 414 |
| 15 | Webb | 18 | 1:47 | 1.15% | 26 |
| 16 | Woodley | 17 | 1:50 | 8.54% | 486 |
| 16 | Coote | 17 | 1:50 | 4.51% | 246 |
| 18 | Turner | 15 | 1:56 | 0.57% | 7 |
| 18 | Butcher | 15 | 1:56 | 1.29% | 42 |
| 18 | Ketteridge | 15 | 1:56 | 31.91% | 1,861 |
| 21 | Archer | 13 | 1:65 | 2.04% | 127 |
| 21 | Acker | 13 | 1:65 | 72.22% | 3,844 |
| 23 | Clayden | 12 | 1:70 | 2.10% | 141 |
| 24 | Bacon | 11 | 1:77 | 1.31% | 87 |
| 24 | Graves | 11 | 1:77 | 5.91% | 533 |
| 24 | Gypps | 11 | 1:77 | 39.29% | 2,744 |
| 27 | Edwards | 10 | 1:84 | 0.91% | 50 |
| 27 | Moss | 10 | 1:84 | 1.11% | 74 |
| 29 | Cox | 8 | 1:106 | 0.75% | 53 |
| 29 | Bass | 8 | 1:106 | 1.75% | 189 |
| 29 | Ridgwell | 8 | 1:106 | 3.62% | 442 |
| 32 | Davies | 7 | 1:121 | 2.00% | 273 |
| 32 | Thompson | 7 | 1:121 | 0.55% | 32 |
| 32 | Gray | 7 | 1:121 | 0.85% | 88 |
| 32 | Baines | 7 | 1:121 | 4.43% | 638 |
| 32 | Starling | 7 | 1:121 | 2.36% | 327 |
| 32 | Cornell | 7 | 1:121 | 1.24% | 145 |
| 32 | Downham | 7 | 1:121 | 5.79% | 853 |
| 32 | Robin | 7 | 1:121 | 46.67% | 4,369 |
| 32 | Willing | 7 | 1:121 | 29.17% | 3,070 |
| 32 | Schooling | 7 | 1:121 | 9.59% | 1,335 |
| 42 | Ward | 6 | 1:141 | 0.37% | 23 |
| 42 | Bedford | 6 | 1:141 | 4.35% | 751 |
| 42 | Rule | 6 | 1:141 | 4.62% | 795 |
| 42 | Baynes | 6 | 1:141 | 4.92% | 846 |
| 42 | Gipps | 6 | 1:141 | 21.43% | 2,744 |
| 42 | Mirzear | 6 | 1:141 | 100.00% | 9,145 |
| 48 | Robins | 5 | 1:169 | 6.10% | 1,210 |
| 49 | Taylor | 4 | 1:211 | 0.13% | 5 |
| 49 | Bullock | 4 | 1:211 | 2.53% | 638 |
| 49 | Newell | 4 | 1:211 | 2.67% | 680 |
| 49 | Turpin | 4 | 1:211 | 2.74% | 705 |
| 49 | Reese | 4 | 1:211 | 36.36% | 5,555 |
| 49 | Kitteridge | 4 | 1:211 | 10.53% | 2,191 |
| 49 | Gypp | 4 | 1:211 | 100.00% | 12,157 |
| 56 | Foster | 3 | 1:281 | 0.41% | 103 |
| 56 | Reynolds | 3 | 1:281 | 0.31% | 66 |
| 56 | Porter | 3 | 1:281 | 0.26% | 42 |
| 56 | Welch | 3 | 1:281 | 2.05% | 705 |
| 56 | Cowell | 3 | 1:281 | 0.75% | 228 |
| 56 | Suckling | 3 | 1:281 | 0.83% | 261 |
| 56 | Pallett | 3 | 1:281 | 5.45% | 1,645 |
| 63 | White | 2 | 1:422 | 0.08% | 9 |
| 63 | Moore | 2 | 1:422 | 0.16% | 30 |
| 63 | Morgan | 2 | 1:422 | 0.41% | 175 |
| 63 | Woodward | 2 | 1:422 | 0.74% | 358 |
| 63 | Law | 2 | 1:422 | 0.45% | 196 |
| 63 | Wild | 2 | 1:422 | 5.26% | 2,191 |
| 63 | Saville | 2 | 1:422 | 0.92% | 448 |
| 63 | Livermore | 2 | 1:422 | 0.65% | 310 |
| 63 | Lucking | 2 | 1:422 | 0.69% | 338 |
| 63 | Mynott | 2 | 1:422 | 2.38% | 1,188 |
| 63 | Lagden | 2 | 1:422 | 1.74% | 898 |
| 63 | Ausband | 2 | 1:422 | 100.00% | 15,983 |
| 75 | Brown | 1 | 1:844 | 0.02% | 2 |
| 75 | Hall | 1 | 1:844 | 0.10% | 63 |
| 75 | King | 1 | 1:844 | 0.04% | 8 |
| 75 | Bird | 1 | 1:844 | 0.09% | 54 |
| 75 | Perry | 1 | 1:844 | 0.06% | 21 |
| 75 | Tucker | 1 | 1:844 | 0.38% | 375 |
| 75 | Lambert | 1 | 1:844 | 0.23% | 198 |
| 75 | French | 1 | 1:844 | 0.09% | 45 |
| 75 | Mead | 1 | 1:844 | 0.11% | 74 |
| 75 | Church | 1 | 1:844 | 0.25% | 232 |
| 75 | Lacey | 1 | 1:844 | 1.16% | 1,165 |
| 75 | Glass | 1 | 1:844 | 3.33% | 2,608 |
| 75 | Raven | 1 | 1:844 | 0.20% | 165 |
| 75 | Pettit | 1 | 1:844 | 0.58% | 579 |
| 75 | Savill | 1 | 1:844 | 0.16% | 122 |
| 75 | Hurd | 1 | 1:844 | 20.00% | 10,531 |
| 75 | Boreham | 1 | 1:844 | 0.30% | 284 |
| 75 | Prime | 1 | 1:844 | 3.03% | 2,446 |
| 75 | Reeder | 1 | 1:844 | 3.70% | 2,816 |
| 75 | Lofts | 1 | 1:844 | 1.49% | 1,433 |
| 75 | Myhill | 1 | 1:844 | 3.85% | 2,893 |
| 75 | Weeden | 1 | 1:844 | 4.55% | 3,309 |
| 75 | Cecil | 1 | 1:844 | 6.67% | 4,369 |
| 75 | Bunton | 1 | 1:844 | 1.02% | 1,048 |
| 75 | Ludgate | 1 | 1:844 | 10.00% | 5,980 |
| 75 | Emson | 1 | 1:844 | 1.47% | 1,413 |
| 75 | Star | 1 | 1:844 | 11.11% | 6,506 |
| 75 | Portway | 1 | 1:844 | 1.00% | 1,031 |
| 75 | Siggs | 1 | 1:844 | 4.17% | 3,070 |
| 75 | Lamkin | 1 | 1:844 | 50.00% | 15,983 |
| 75 | Jarrard | 1 | 1:844 | 11.11% | 6,506 |
| 75 | Rayer | 1 | 1:844 | 100.00% | 18,911 |