Hornsey, where the bishops of London had formerly a residence. Mr. Lysons supposes that Lodge Hill, in Hornsey great park (long since disparked and converted into tillage) was the site of the ancient palace. "It seemeth," says Norden by the foundation, it was rather a castle than a lodge, for the hill is trenched with two deep ditches, now old and overgrown with bushes; the rubble thereof, as brick, tile, and Cornish slate, are in heaps yet to be seen, which ruins are of great antiquity, as may appear by the oaks at this' day standing, above a hundred years growth, upon the very foundation of the building. It did belong to the bishop of London, at which place have been dated divers evidences, some of which remain yet in the bishop’s registry it is said."

Hornsey Park is mentioned in history as the place where the Duke of Gloucester, the Earls of Warwick Arundel, and other nobles assembled, in a hostile manner, anno 1386, to oppose King Richard.

In 1441, Roger Bolingbrooke, an astrologer, and Thomas Southwell, a canon of St. Stephens, were arrested for a conspiracy against Henry VI. They were charged on oath with intending to destroy the King’s person, by necromantic art, and that Thomas Southwell said masses in the lodge in Hornsey park over the instruments which were to be used for the purpose.

The lord mayor of London and 500 citizens met the ill-fated and short-lived Edward V. in Hornsey park, and accompanied him into the city, on the 4th May, Henry VII. was met at the same place, and introduced into the city in the like manner, after his return from a victory in Scotland.

There was formerly a wooden aqueduct in this parish, between Highbury and Hornsey, 178 yards in length, constructed for the purpose of preserving the level of the New River. It was destroyed in 176, and a channel made on a raised bed of clay.

Hornsey Church is a small structure, built some time about the year 1500, and consisting of a chancel, nave, and south aisle, with a square embattled tower at the west end.

Among other memorials in this church, there is on the north wall of the nave a monument, in memory of Colonel Edward James, who was shipwrecked in the Grosvenor East Indiaman, on the Caffre coast, in 1782, and his sister Elizabeth Chambers, who died in 1756, and that of Samuel Buckley (the editor of Thuanus) with the following inscription:

" To the memory of Samuel Buckley; who, having not only discharged all the duties of life with ability, industry, and tenderness, to each relation, but offices likewise of state and trust, with prudence, fidelity, and gratitude to his benefactors, concluded his days in the study of letters, and the enjoyment of honest and honourable friendship, in the 68th year of his age, 1741. "

Against the wall of the south aisle is fixed a small obelisk, to the memory "of Master Richard Candish, of Suffolk, Esq."

"Candish derived from noble parentage,

Adornde with vertuons and heroicke parrs,

Most learned, beautiful, devout, sage,

Graced with the graces, muses, and the arts

Deer to his prince, in English court admir’d,

Beloved of great and honourable peers,

Of all esteemed, embraced, and desired;

Till death cut off his well-employed years.

Within this earth his earth ento nbed lies,

Whose heavenly part surmounted hath the skies.

" Promised and made by Margaret Countess of Cumberland."

Several sums of money have been given to this parish by different benefactors for apprenticing and clothing poor children, and the relief of the poor.

Highgate, a populous hamlet, is situated in the parishes of Hornsey and Pancras. The name is said to be derived from the high gate, or the gate cm the hill; there having been from time immemorial the toll-gate of the Bishop of London on the summit of the hill. Norden says, "the ancient road to Barnet was through a lane on the east of Pancras church, whence, leaving Highgate Hill on the left, it passed through Tallingdon Lane, to Crouch End, and thence through Hornsey Park to Colney Hatch, Fream Barnet, and Whetstone. This road in the winter was so deep and miry that St was almost impassible; on which account it was agreed between the Bishop of London and the county that a new one should be laid forth, through the park, beginning at what is now called "Highgate Hill," and leading directly to Whetstone, for which convenience all persons, carriages, &c. passing that way should pay a toll to the bishop of London, and his successors; and for that purpose was the gate erected on the hill."

"Upon this hill," says Norden, "is most pleasant dwelling, yet not so pleasant as healthful, for the expert inhabitants there report, that divers who have been long visited with sickness, not curable by physicke have in a short time repayred their health by that sweete salutarie aire. At this place, Cornwalleys, Esq. hath a very faire house, from which he may with great delight behold the statelie cities of London, Westminster, Greenwich, the famous river of Thamyse, and the country towards the south very faire."

In the court-roll of the bishop’s manor of Hornsey, dated 16 8, mention is made of a small piece of ground at Highgate, lying within certain fortifications called the bulwarks;

There was formerly a hermitage upon the hill, on the spot where the school now is. One of the hermits is said to have made the causeway between Highgate and Islington of gravel taken from the hill, where is now the pool.

In the year 1562, Sir Roger Cholmeley, knight, chief justice of the Queen’s Bench, "did institute and erect at his own charges a publique and Free Grammar Schoole, and procured the same to be established and confirmed by the letters-patent of Queen Elizabeth, he endowing the same with yearlye maintenance." Sir Roger Cholmeley’s endowment at present produces an income of nearly 280l. per annum, out of which the master is allowed a yearly salary of 100l. Forty boys are educated at this school.

Highgate, which adjoins the school, was erected by the bishop of London in 1565, as a chapel of ease for the inhabitants of Highgate. It consists of a small chancel, a nave, and a south aisle. Among; the many interesting memorials in the chapel is the following.

On the south wall, is the monument of Dr. Lewis Atterbury, being a fluted column of the Corinthian order, on the pedestal of which is the following inscription:

"To the memory of Lewis Atterbury, L. L. D. formerly rector of Sywell, in the county of Northampton, and one of the six preachers to her late sacred majesty Queen Anne, at St. James’s, and Whitehall. He was 36 years preacher of this chapel, 24 years rector of Sheperton in the county of Middlesex, and 11 years rector of this parish of Hornsey. He married Penelope, the daughter of John Bedingfield, Esq. by whom he had four children: two sons, who died young, Bedingfield Atterbury, M. A. who died soon after he entered into holy orders, and Penelope, who was married to George Sweetapple, of St. Andrews Holborn, brewer; by whom she had one daughter Penelope Sweetapple, now living. He died at Bath, Oct. 20th. A. D. 1703, in the 76th year of his age, and lies buried near this place. Abi, Spectator et te brevi moriturum Scito."

The master of Highgate School, who is appointed by the governors, is reader also at the chapel; and afternoon preacher. Ten pounds per annum was given by the will of William Place, Esq. in 1637, to the minister of Highgate, and 20s. for a sermon on the immortality of the soul, to be preached upon the anniversary of his burial; the preacher to be appointed by St. John’s College in Cambridge. Sir John Wollaston, who died in 1658, gave 10l. per annum to the preacher at Highgate. Edward Pauncefoot, Esq. gave the sum of 10l. per annum to the reader.

The above mentioned Sir John Wollaston, in the year 1656, founded six Almshouses at Highgate, and endowed them with a rent charge of 15l. per annum. These houses having fallen to ruin, Edward Pauncefort, Esq. in the year 1722, built twelve others on the site, at his own expence, and a school- house in the centre for the charity girls. By his last will he directed 601. per annum to be purchased, one moiety of which he appropriated to the widows in the almshouses.

Samuel Forster, Esq. who died in 1752, left 300l. to the governors of the Free School, to be laid out as their discretion for increasing the pensions of the widows in the almshouses. These pensions have been considerably encreased by various other subsequent benefactions.

The custom of imposing a burlesque nugatory oath upon all strangers upon their first visit to High- gate is well known. A pair of horns, upon which the oath is administered, is kept at every inn.

HORNSEY (anciently known as “Haryngeye” or Harlnghay,” a name conjecturally derived from Sax-“Haringhaia,” i.e. “Haring's enclosure”) is a parish and growing suburb of North London, surrounded by hills, on the north side of which several feeders of the Colne take their rise, with a station on the main line of the Great Northed railway, 5 miles from the General Post Office, London, in the Northern Metropolitan postal district, Hornsey division of the county, Ossulstone hundred, Highgate petty sessional division, Edmonton union, Clerkenwell county court district, rural deanery of Highgate, archdeaconry of Middlesex and diocese of London, and is within the jurisdiction of the Central Criminal court and Metropolitan police: the Bishops of London anciently had a palace here, at which Edward V. and Henry VII. received the homage of the citizens of London on their accession. The “Local Government Act,” 1858, was adopted 13th August, 1867, but under the provisions of the Act of 1894 (56 and 57 Vict. c. 73) an Urban District Council has been formed, consisting of 15 members. By an Order of the County Council, confirmed by Loval Government Board Order, 27,338, dated July 29, 1891, a detached part of this Urban District, being a formerly detached part of Hornsey Civil parish, which, under provisions of the “Divided Parishes Act, 1882,” was added to Friern Barnet civil parish, was amalgamated with the Urban District of Friern Barnet. The parish has been efficiently sewered by the late Local Board and is lighted with gas by the Hornsey Gas Company and the Gas Light and Coke Company, and supplied with water by the New River Company, whose pumping station and reservoir is in High street. Trees have been planted within the parish in various thoroughfares. The old church of St. Mary, at present (1898) disused, is pleasantly seated in a vale and was rebuilt, with the exception of the tower (which is thickly covered with ivy), in 1832: it is an edifice of brick and stone in the Gothic style, consisting of a clerestoried nave of four bays, aisles and a western tower containing a clock and 6 bells: in the church is a monument to Samuel Rogers F.R.S., F.S.A, the banker and poet, well known as the author of “The Pleasures of Memory,” d. 18 Dec. 1855, and was buried here: in the porch is a memorial tablet with full-length figures to George Rey, of Highgate, and his two wives: there are 960 sittings, 480 being free. The new parish church of St. Mary, erected on a site immediately adjoining the east end of the old church, is an edifice of stone in the Perpendicular style, from designs by Mr. James Brooks, architect, of London, and consists at present of chancel, shallow transepts, with eastern vestries, clerestoried nave of five bays and aisles, the north transept serving as an organ chamber: the fabric, when complete, will include a lofty embattled western tower of five stages, with an enriched belfry storey, pinnacles and an octagonal crocketed spire, and on the north and south sides of the tower will be porches of two storeys, the upper floors serving respectively as a church library and parish room: the chancel has sedilia and a credence under a traceried canopy, choir stalls of teak, presented by Mr. E. W. Nicholls, and a communion table of teak and oak, the gift of Mr. W. R. Fox, churchwarden; the cloth and dossal were given by Mr. F. W. Collinson: the pulpit is a memorial to the Rev. Richard Harvey M.A. canon of Gloucester, prebendary of St. Paul’s, London, and rector here 1829—80: the eagle lectern of oak was presented by Mrs. Gamlen in memory of her son and daughter: the font of Ancaster stone has been given by Mr. Hare: at present the foundations only of the tower and porches have been built: the total length is 200 feet; extreme width 88 feet and height about 50 feet: there are chair sittings for 1,260 persons: the two churches stand in the same churchyard, which has some beautiful shrubs and fine trees. The register of baptisms dates from 1653; marriages and burials, 1654. The living is a rectory, gross yearly value £1,000, including 46 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of the Bishop of London, and held since 1880 by the Rev. James Jeakes M.A. late fellow of St. Peter’s College, Cambridge, fellow of King’s College, London, Prebendary of St. Paul’s, and rural dean of Highgate. Holy Innocents was formed into a district chapelry by order in Council, Nov. 27, 1877: the church, in Tottenham lane, built in 1876, is an edifice of brick in the Gothic style, consisting of chancel, clerestoried nave of four bays, aisles, north and south porches and a tower on the south-east containing a clock and 1 bell; the clock was presented by the late Mrs. Gamlen, the brass eagle lectern by her husband, the late Mr. Gamlen: the stained east window is a memorial to Peter Robinson, and was erected by his widow; and there are five other stained windows, including four given by Mrs. Marsh, in memory of various members of her family, and one window given by the Marsh family in memory of their mother: there are 844 sittings. The register dates from the year 1877. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £340, with residence, in the gift of the Bishop of London, and held since 1892 by the Rev. Tilden Smith M.A. of St. Peter’s College, Cambridge. The population of the ecclesiastical district in 1891 was 5,488. St. Peter’s church, Wightman road, was for some time only an iron building, but this has been superseded by a permanent structure of red brick with stone dressings, consecrated in 1898: the Rev. Cecil Edward White M.A. of Worcester College, Oxford, who has been in charge since 1892, is now vicar. There are Wesleyan chapels in Middle lane and Willoughby road, and Baptist chapels in Campsbourne road, Turnpike lane, Park Ridings and Ferme Park road. The Sanitary Depot, in High street and Myddleton road, was erected in 1887—8, at a total cost, including land, of £13,296, and comprises a public mortuary with coroner’s court, waiting room, two mortuary chambers, post-mortem rooms, laboratory, and caretaker’s cottage; a range of buildings containing a steam laundry, disinfector, fumigator, and ambulance sheds, together with stabling for 20 horses and a horse keeper’s cottage; buildings for the treatment of house refuse, including furnace, engine mill and boiler houses, cremator, cart sheds, workshops and stores, and a chimney shaft 217 feet high, which stands on the north side of the boiler house; the refuse and dust from the buildings in the parish is collected and dealt with here by the Urban Council. The Isolation Hospital for the reception of persons suffering from infectious diseases was erected in 1889 by the late Local Board, at a cost of £2,923, exclusive of £1,885 paid for 6 ½ acres of freehold land; the hospital at present provides 10 beds, and includes an administrative block, a mortuary and a disinfecting chamber; there is ample space for enlarging the hospital should occasion arise. The Urban District Fire Brigade, which has taken the place of the volunteer brigade, occupies premises in Tottenham lane adjoining the police station, erected in 1889. Street fire stations have also been established at Stroud Green and in the North road, Highgate, and are connected with the principal station by telephone; fire alarm posts have also been erected in all parts of the Urban district; the brigade possesses a steam fire engine and two manual engines and a fire escape. The Constitutional Club, occupies fine premises at the National Hall in High street. Hornsey Recreation Grounds, reclaimed from waste land fronting the rectory and belonging to the Council, are small in extent; a portion is planted with trees and flowers, the other part being devoted exclusively to the children of the neighbourhood. Fairseat House and grounds, of 29 acres, presented by Sir Sydney H. Waterlow bart. to the London County Council for the use of the public, and named after him, “Waterlow Park,” although wholly in St. Pancras, has a considerable frontage in the border line which separates that parish from Hornsey, to whose inhabitants, as well as to the public at large, it will be of great benefit; for particulars see Highgate. The manor of Hornsey, Harnsey, or Haringhay, is of very considerable antiquity, and from time immemorial belonged to the See of London, the bishops of which had a residence here, called “Lodge Hill,” about one mile north-west of Highgate, and adjoining the extreme limit of the park of Kenwood: the house was, however, taken down towards the close of the 15th century, and its materials used in the building of old Hornsey church, and at the end of the 16th century only the double moat remained. The area of the entire parish is 2,809 acres of land and 27 of water; rateable value, £426,144; the population in 1871 was 19,357; in 1881, 37,078, and in 1891, 61,097. The area of the Hornsey Urban district is 2,809 acres, which includes the districts of Highgate, Crouch End, Finsbury Park, Stroud Green and Harringay, and the number of houses has increased from 4,043 in 1889 to 7,489 in 1891; the population, which in 1881 was 22,485, was in 1891, 44,205. The population attached to Hornsey parish church in 1891 was 13,658.

PLACES OF WORSHIP, with times of services

St. Mary’s Church, Rev. Prebendary James Jeakes M.A. rector; holy communion, 8 a.m. & 1st & 3rd Sun. after morning service; service, 11 a.m. & 3.30 & 7 p.m.; holy communion, 4th Sun. after service; daily, 11 a.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

Holy Innocents’ Church, Tottenham lane, Rev. Tibden Smith M.A. vicar; holy communion, 8 a.m. & 1st & 3rd Sun.; service, 11 a.m. & 3.30 p.m. & 4 & 6.30 p.m. 3rd Sunday; daily, 5 p.m. except Wed.; Wed. & Fri. 11.45 a.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.; saints.’ days, holy communion, 7.30 a.m.; 11.45 a.m. & 8 p.m.

St. Peter’s Church, Wightman road, Rev. Cecil Edward White M.A. vicar; holy communion, 8 a.m.; 1st & 3rd Sun. 12.15 p.m.; service, 3.30 & 7 p.m.; saints’ days, holy communion, 7.30 a.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.; daily, during lent, 5 p.m. holy communion; great festivals, 7 & 8 а.m. & 12.15 p.m.

Baptist, Campsbourne road (Campsbourne); 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Baptist, Ferme Park road, Rev. Charles Brown; 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

Baptist, Green lanes, Dovecote hall (Hornsey Park), Rer. F. H. Newton; 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

Baptist, Devonshire square, Walford rd. (South Hornsey), Rev. George Peter MacKay; 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. & Thur. 8 p.m.

Baptist (Wood Green), Park ridings.

United Methodist Free Church, Victoria grove, South Hornsey (First London Circuit), Rev. Ernest Goode; 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Tues. 8 p.m.

Wesleyan, Matthias road, South Hornsey (Mildmay Park Circuit), Rev. Joseph F. Lockyer B.A. & Rev. Charles Lee Dunham; 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

Wesleyan, Middle lane (Highgate Circuit), Rev. John Aldred, Rev. William R. Dent, Rev. Edward Clowes Chorley & Rev. J. Sutcliffe Allen; 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Tues. 7.30 p.m.

Wesleyan, Willoughby road (Finsbury Park Circuit), Rev. Frank Hall; 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Tues. 7.30 p.m.

Salvation Army Hall, Milton road, South Hornsey.

St. Mary’s Mission Hall, Brook road, A. C. Harman & A. B. Parton; 11 a.m.; children’s service at 7 p.m.

Gordon Road Church of England Mission Room; 7.15 p.m.

Baptist Mission Chapel, Campsbourne road.

Allen Road Gospel Hall, South Hornsey.

SCHOOLS

The Stationers’ School, in Mayfield road, established by the Stationers’ Company at Bolt court, Fleet street, in the year 1858, & removed to Hornsey in 1893, is now regulated by a scheme of the Charity Commissioners, approved by Her Majesty in Council on the 3rd May, 1888, & is under the government of the master, wardens & court of assistants of the company. It is open to boys between the ages of eight & sixteen, who pass the necessary examination. The new buildings are in the Gothic style of the 14th & 15 th centuries, from designs by Mr. G. Gordon Stanham, architect, and together with the grounds have now (1898) cost over £20,000; they were opened by Lord Mayor Tyler, Master of Stationers’ Company, 30 Oct. 1894, & the premises have since been enlarged for 400 boys. The following Scholarships, Exhibitions and Prizes are attached to the School:-Edmund Hodgson Scholarship, £20 per annum for 4 years; Thos. Brown Scholarships, 3 of £20 per annum each for 4 years; Charles Knight Scholarships, 2 of £20 per annum each for 2 years; Scholarship Consolation prize of £5; Thomas Brown medal & prize of £5; Grimwade prize of £5; Butterworth prize of books, value £3; Foss prize, for the study of Shakespeare, £5; J. J. Miles prize, £3. There are also twenty exhibitions in the form of partial exemption from the payment of tuition fees, open to boys who are, & have been, for not less than three years, scholars in any of the Public Elementary Schools in the Metropolis (as defined by the Elementary Education Act, 1870), or in Hornsey. The sons of Liverymen & Freemen of the Company, if found deserving, will be admitted to the benefits of the Foundation, in accordance with the provisions of the scheme.

Schools

A School Board of 11 members was formed 21 Dec. 1874, for the United District of Hornsey & South Hornsey; Stanley Hodson, Southwood lane, Highgate N, clerk to the board.

St. Mary’s National(boys)(1872), High st. for 300 children; average attendance, 300.

St. Mary’s National (girls), Tottenham lane, built in 1832, for 235 children; average attendance, 225.

St. Mary’s (infants), High street, Hornsey N, for 250 children; average attendance, 241.

Holy Innocents (infants), Tottenham lane, built in 1847, for 116 children; average attendance, 97.

Board, Mathias road, South Hornsey, under the London School Board, built in 1883, for 476 boys, 476 girls & 559 infants; average attendance, 445 boys, 451 girls & 315 infants.