The ancient and magnificent city of Norwich, the capital of the county. This famous city was denominated by the Saxons North Wic. Camden cannot agree with those writers who derive the name from Venta; "for (says that able and candid topographical historian) in so doing I should depart from the truth." The Saxon words North Wic, signified a northern station, castle, or town. This city is situated upon the river Yare, and stands pleasantly upon the slope of a hill, forming a long square, one mile and a half from north to south, and about half as much in breadth, constructing itself into a conic figure gradually towards the south. A modern tourist and antiquary, Mr. Britton, in his Beauties of England and Wales, observes on this subject, that "of Norwich in its present state, it has been said that it stands upon more ground comparatively with its population than any city in the kingdom, the buildings being generally interspersed with gardens, which latter circumstance has given rise to its appellation of a ' city in an orchard.’" The shape or plan is irregular, approaching that of a cornucopia or bent cone, and has not unaptly been compared to the figure of a shoulder of venison. It is 29 miles from Thetford, and 109 from London.

Besides the cathedral it contains 34 churches, with a French and Dutch church; and several chapels or meeting houses of various denominations. It has five bridges; one of iron, and the other four of stone. It also contains 41 parishes, 8016 houses, 36,832 inhabitants. The city was surrounded with strong walls (in which are a number of towers and 12 gates) except to the east, where the river, having washed the north part of the city, winding under four bridges, defends it with steep banks, and its deep bed. The walls are now dilapidated, and the gates have been taken down.

The old city (founded by the Saxons in 446, after its desertion by the Romans) was burnt by the Danes in 1004, and continued in a desolate state for six years, when the Danes returned and settled here. To prove that it was a place of note in the early time of the Saxons, Mr. Blomfield, in his Essay on the History of Norfolk, has enumerated various coins, with the name of this city inscribed on them: one of Athelstan, one of Edred, with this inscription: "eadred rex hanni mo northwic." And another of Etheldred the Second, in whose miserable reign, Sweyn, the Danish monarch, inflicted such dire vengeance on this devoted city. It regained its eminence, however, soon after; for, in Edward the Confessor’s time, it had "1320 burgesses, and paid 20 pounds to the king, and ten pounds to the earl, also 20 shillings, and four prebendaries, and six sextaries of honey, and a bear, and six dogs to bait him." The castle, which was destroyed by Sweyn, was rebuilt by Canute in 1018. At the Conquest, William appointed Ralph de Waset Earl of Norfolk, and gave him the castle for his residence. The Earl rebelling against the Conqueror, the king marched to besiege him in his castle, which he precipitately abandoned, and left the Countess, his wife, to defend the fortress; the garrison, after an obstinate resistance, were compelled by famine to capitulate. Norwich was so much impaired by this siege that there were scarcely 560 burghers left in it. It gradually assumed its ancient importance; and Bishop Herbert, in the reign of William Rufus, translated the episcopal see from Thetford to Norwich, and built a beautiful cathedral, of which he laid the first stone, with this inscription: "Dominus Herbertus posuit primum lapidem, In nomine Patris, Filii, et Spiritus sancti. Amen." After this we are informed, by William of Malmesbury, that Norwich became a town famous for merchandise, and the number of its inhabitants. The cathedral being much damaged by fire in 1171, it was repaired in 1180. In the reign of King Stephen (1152), says Camden, Norwich was new built, was a populous town, and became a corporation. Stephen gave it to his son William as an appendage, but Henry the Second wrested it from him. The castle was repaired by Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk. During the reign of Edward the First, the city was walled round by the citizens, who had presented a petition to parliament to have liberty to do it. The citizens also obtained leave of Henry the Fourth, to choose annually a mayor instead of their ancient bailiffs. This charter was granted in 1403, and another was obtained in 1413, specifying the mode of electing the mayor, sheriffs, &c.

In 1348, near 58,000 persons were carried off by the plague; and in 1505 the city was almost consumed by fire. When the proud tyrant of Spain, the bigoted Philip the Second, instructed the execrable Duke of Alva to massacre the simple, pious, and industrious inhabitants of the Netherlands, a great number of Flemings emigrated to England, and established themselves at Norwich, where they introduced the ingenious and lucrative manufacture of striped and flowered damasks, camblets and druggets, black and white crapes, &c. In 1574 the number of these persecuted foreigners had increased to 3,925. When the rumour was spread of the fitting out of the mighty Armada of Spain, Norwich mustered 2,120 able men, 400 of whom were armed for the national defence. Queen Elizabeth honoured the city with her presence for several days in August, 1578, and was entertained with pageants, processions, and the greatest effusions of loyalty combined with that hospitality for which this county is so honourably distinguished.

In 1583, the inhabitants, by the aid of an engine, conveyed water through pipes to the highest parts of the city. During the civil wars between King Charles and the parliament, Norwich sided with the latter. Norwich was early represented in parliament. It sent members in the 25th of Edward the First. The city at present sends two members. Norwich is governed by a mayor, recorder, steward, two sheriffs, twenty-three aldermen, sixty common councilmen, with a town-clerk, sword-bearer, and other inferior officers. The mayor is chosen on Mayday by the freemen. The sheriffs are also chosen annually; one by the freemen, and the other by the aldermen; and the freemen of the several wards choose their own aldermen. The mayor is a justice of peace during his mayoralty, as also the recorder and steward within the city and liberties, and after his mayoralty he is a justice for life. This city is entirely free and independent in its representation. The right of election is in the freeholders, and such freemen only as are entered in the books, and do not receive alms and charity. The number of voters is about 3,000, and the returning officers are the sheriffs. There are eight wardens of the weavers chosen annually, and sworn to take care that there are no frauds committed in spinning, weaving, or dying the stuffs. The trade and manufactures of this city are very considerable. At Yarmouth they export large quantities of their manufactures, most of which are sent to London, and import a great quantity of wine, coal, fish, oil, &c Great quantities of worsted stuffs, baizes, serges, shalloons, crapes, camblets, and druggets, are made here, besides shawls, and many other curious articles; from the sale of which upwards of 200,000l. it is said, has been annually received by the city.

In 1693, when the first accurate enumeration was taken, Norwich contained 28,881 souls. In 1752, the number of inhabitants had increased 7,288, which is rather more than 123 ½ annually. By the census of 1786, the population amounted to 40,054. In 1801, 30,832 persons were returned, being a decrease of 3,219. It is to be observed, however, that 1786 was a year of peace, and that in the returns of 1801, those serving' in the navy, army, and militia, are not included. Norwich, from the commencement of the war in 1793 to 1801, furnished more than 4000 recruits for the army and navy. In 1811, the amount was 37,231. According to the last census, taken in 1821, the population was returned at 50,173, being an increase of 12,942, in ten years.

The inhabitants are generally so employed in their manufactures within doors, that the city has the appearance of being deserted, except on Sundays and holidays, when the streets swarm with people.

The castle of Norwich is of great antiquity; and Mr. Gough, in his additions to Camden, views it as much more ancient than the Norman Conquest, or perhaps the city itself. The present ditch, by the round form, largeness, and depth, appears to be the work either of the Danes or Normans. Mr. Wilkins supposes it to be of Danish workmanship, while Mr. Blomfield is of opinion that the present structure was erected by Roger Bigod, in the time of William Rufus, and that it occupies the site of a brick building, raised by Canute. The workmen, in sinking a well within the walls of the castle, a few years since, when they came to the level of the ground, without the ditches, found a beaten and regular footpath, used before the hill was thrown up. The castle is the county gaol for debtors and felons, and although in the centre of the city, belongs to and is within the jurisdiction of Norfolk only. It was first committed to the custody of the high sheriff, as a common prison, in the first year of Edward IV. 1460.

The principal entrance to the castle was by Bar, now Bere-Street, through Golden Lane, by the Barbican Gate, which was flanked by two towers, and connected with the external vallum by a wall. The walls (says Grose) were commonly flanked with towers, and had an embattled parapet crenelated or garretted: for the mounting of it there were flights of steps at convenient distances, and the parapet often had the merlons pierced with long chinks, ending in round holes, called oeilets. The walls of the castle have long been destroyed: the outer and the inner valla levelled, and the fossa filled up for building, and other purposes.

Over each fosse were two bridges, one of which only remains. The arch of this bridge is much admired for its size and structure. At the inner extremity of the bridge are the foundations of two circular towers, of fourteen feet in diameter, one of which was appropriated for condemned criminals until 1793, when the new buildings were erected. This bridge is nearly 150 feet in extent, and rises, from the inner to the upper ballium, sixteen feet. It has been much altered at different times, and is at present faced with square flint. Near the southwest angle of the inner ballium, is the square keep-tower, the antiquity and architecture of which (says the author of the Beauties of England and Wales) has afforded a very fertile theme for disputation.

On each side of the keep is a projecting tower of fine architecture, called "Bigod’s Tower;" it is in the Norman style. The interior of the keep is now an unroofed area, but was formerly divided by floors, covered in at top, and separated into several spacious apartments. Within the castle was a royal free chapel, exempt from all episcopal jurisdiction, visitable by the king only. In 1221 the Dean of Norwich, having attempted to exercise his authority on some matters respecting it, was forced to obtain his pardon of the king. There was only one chaplain, who served the duty of this chapel, who was to celebrate mass for the souls of all the kings, either before or since the conquest. This chapel is now devoted to the use of the prisoners, and the chaplain is appointed by the justices of the peace for the county.

In 1793 a new gaol was erected for the county, and it was determined that it should be elevated on the castle hill, and attached to the eastern side of the venerable edifice of the castle. Mr. Soane was the architect employed, but, according to the opinion of Mr. Britton, "it rather disfigures than adorns its situation." In this sentiment he is supported by Mr. Wilkins, who remarks, "that all former reparations were made to correspond with its style and character, but that all the present addition is a most heterogeneous and discordant mass." The castle precinct contains six acres, one rood, and thirteen perches, and the summit of the hill is in circumference three hundred and sixty yards; the whole of the latter is enclosed with iron palisades, and iron gates. A committee of magistrates meet at the castle once a month, for its regulation.

From surveying the castle, we proceed to the cathedral. This venerable structure was erected by Herbert de Losinga, in 1096, whose statue is over the north transept door. The chapel of our Lady at the end (of which there are now no remains), was built by Bishop Suffield, between 1243 and 1257. The tower, rebuilt by Bishop Walpole, 1297, who also began the beautiful cloister, was finished by his successors, Bishops Salmon, Wakering, and Alnwick. The latter prelate rebuilt the west front of the church, and the north gate of the bishop’s palace.

Bishop Percy built the present spire in 1361, which exceeds all in England, Salisbury excepted, being one hundred and five yards, two feet, from the point to the floor, including the tower. The present nave, with its beautiful stone roof, adorned with historical pieces from the Bible, was the work of Bishop Lyherst, 1403, and his successor, Dr. Goldwell, put a similar roof on the choir; the transepts being injured by fire, in 1509, were repaired and roofed in in the same style by Bishop Nix. The church is 400 feet from east to west, and the transepts from north to south, 180.

St. Mary’s chapel, at the east end, was seventy feet by thirty; being in a ruined state, it was pulled down between 1573 and 1589, by Dean Gardiner, who committed great dilapidations on the other buildings. The choir has been refitted in a Gothic style, under the direction of Dr. Lloyd, the dean, whose accomplished lady painted the east window with the subject of the Transfiguration, from a beautiful design by Raphael; this work, so honourable to this lady’s talents, her taste, and her judgement, she completed, after much labour, attention, and fatigue, in 1781.

The architecture of this noble pile of building is chiefly Norman, where the semicircular arch and large short column are the leading features. The west front of the cathedral displays a large central Compartment, fronting and corresponding with the width and height, also two lateral divisions corresponding with the side aisles. In the cathedral lies entombed the illustrious founder of this edifice, Herbert de Losinga, Bishop of Norwich. He was removed from the see of Thetford (which was then abolished) to Norwich; he was abbot of Ramsey, and Lord Chancellor, and died, 1119. His tomb was destroyed during the civil wars, but a new altar monument was erected to his memory, by the dean and chapter, in 1682; it stands in the central, part of the choir, enclosed with an iron palisade; there are also monuments in the cathedral to the memory of Bishops Scambler and Overall. On the choir floor is a monument in memory of Sir William Boleyn, great grandfather to Queen Eli zabeth. In the nave is an altar tomb, under which was interred Sir James Hobart, attorney-general to Henry the Seventh, and ancestor of the present Earl of Buckinghamshire. In Jesus chapel is also a tomb, erected to the memory of Sir Thomas Wyndham, who died at Felbrigg, 1521.

There are numerous churches in this city, besides the cathedral: namely, St. Peter Hungate, St. Simon and Jude, St. George Tombland, St. Martin at Palace, St. Edmund, St. James, St. Paul, St. Saviour, St. Clement, St. George Colgate, St. Augustin, St. Martin at Oak, St. Mary, St. Michael Coslaney, St. Peter Mancroft, St. Giles, St. Benedict, St. Swithin, St. Margaret, St. Lawrence, St. Gregory, St. John Maddermarket, St. Andrew, St. Michael at Plea, St. Peter Southgate, St. Etheldred. St. Julian, St. Peter per Mountergate, St. John Timherhill, All Saints, St. Michael at Thorn, St. John Sepulchre, St. Stephen and St. Helen. In consequence of the numerous emigrants from the Netherlands, a Dutch church was erected for their religious service.

Among the ancient religions houses, which abounded in this city, was that of the Austin or Augustin Friars, founded before the 18th of Edward I. There was a fine church, which is now destroyed. John de Hustingford, in 1226, founded a house for the Grey Friars, since pulled down. In 1256, Philip Cougate, a merchant of this city, founded the White Friars, or Carmelites’ monastery, the hall and kitchen of which now form the Anabaptist meeting.

St. Mary’s College in the fields, founded before 1250, for ten prebends, is now a private house. The Priory, built „by Bishop Herbert, about 1101, for sixty monks of the Benedictine order, stood in what at present is called the Lower Close. On. pulling down the workhouse, in 1804, to improve the entrance to the deanery, some ruins were dis covered, supposed to have been remains of the refectory and dormitory of that once celebrated monastery. This priory had a miraculous image of Henry VI. Henry, Earl of Surrey, built a house on its site.

St. Julian’s church, founded before the conquest, was given by King Stephen to the nunnery of Carhow, alias Carrow.

The church of St. Peter Mancroft is a large regular building, and greatly distinguished for its superiority to the other churches. It stands on an elevated spot, at the southwest corner of the marketplace; it was finished and consecrated in 1455. It consists of a square tower, one hundred feet in height, and a body composed of a nave, choir, and chancel, measuring two hundred and twelve feet in length, by seventy in widths. On the north and south sides are entrance porches: the altar is ornamented with a painting, representing the deliverance of St. Peter from prison, by Catton, a native of Norwich: it was given by Alderman Starling in 1768. Sir Thomas Brown, M.D. the author of "Religio Medici," lies interred in this church.

The church of St. Lawrence, is a regular and handsome building, erected in 1472, at the expense of the monastery of St. Edmund’s Bury. The tower is a square building, 112 feet in height. Previous to the civil wars the church was highly decorated, and the windows ornamented with painted glass: but in 1643, the communion rails were broken down, the floor of the chancel taken up, and the stained glass defaced. Mr. Blomfield extracts from the parish register this entry: "Laid out to Goodman Perfett, for the putting out of the superstitious inscriptions in the church windows, and the pulling down of crucifixes, 1s. 8d." Opposite St. Lawrence church steps is a conduit, called Gybson’s Well, with an ancient inscription, but which is too long for insertion here.

It has been recently new pointed and beautified by Mr. Beth, of the West Norfolk militia, whose property it is.

The city of Norwich abounds with charitable foundations. The Free Grammar School was originally a charnel-house, and was founded by Bishop Salmon, in 1235. The master has 501. a year, and the use of a house, and the usher 301. This school is endowed with scholarships and fellowships, belonging to Cains College, Cambridge. The Boys’ Hospital was founded in 1611, by Thomas Anguish, Esq. major of the city; since its establishment, the number of boys has been greatly augmented. The Girls’ Hospital was founded in 1649, by Robert Baron, Esq. mayor. The girls are clothed in blue, and taught to read, spin, sew, &c. There are also twelve charity schools, supported by voluntary contribution.

Cooke’s Hospital, for ten poor women, was founded in 1677. St. Giles’s Hospital was founded by Bishop Suffield, in 1249, for fifty aged men, and the same number of aged women, who are under the government of a master, elected by the corporation. Doughty’s Hospital, for twenty-four men, and eight women, was founded in 1517, in pursuance of the will of William Doughty, Esq.

Norwich Lancastrian School, for boys, was first opened in 1811.

The Norfolk and Norwich Society, for the education of the poor, in the principles of the established church, established 1812, under the patronage of the bishop of the diocese, have nearly four thousand children, of both sexes, under tuition. The central school is near St. Peter’s Hungate Church. The children are taught on the Madras (or Dr. Bell's) system. There are now eighty schools in union with the society. The committee meet the last Wednesday in every month, at the Dean and Chapter’s Audit Room.

The Norfolk and Norwich Hospital is a superb building; it stands without St. Stephen’s, and was erected in 1772; a new wing was added in 1802. Bethlehem Hospital was founded by the widow of the Rev. Samuel Chapman, rector of Thorpe, by Norwich, in 1714, for the convenient reception and habitation of lunatics, and not for natural born fools, or idiots. A committee room, and other additions, were made to the building in 1807. The Norfolk Lunatic Asylum, established under the authority of parliament, for the better care and maintenance of pauper and criminal lunatics, was opened in June, 1814. A Benevolent Association was instituted for the relief of decayed tradesmen, widows, and orphans, in the year 1790. There is also a charity for clergymen’s widows, &c. The Society of Universal Good Will, for the relief of such as, being foreigners, and not having gained a settlement in England, are not entitled to relief from the parish laws of this country. An amicable Society of Attorneys, for establishing a fund for the relief and benefit of the widows and children of attorneys, was instituted in 1784. The Norfolk Benevolent Medical Society, of a similar nature, was instituted in 1786. The Society for the Discharge of Persons imprisoned for small Debts, a most excellent institution; and the Norfolk Agricultural Society, were established in 1774.

The Friar’s Society, instituted in 1785, for the distribution of soup and bread to the indigent poor.

The Norwich Dispensary, for the purpose of giving advice and medicine to such persons, residing in the city and hamlets, as are unable to procure medical assistance, instituted in 1804, under the patronage of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Institution for the Indigent Blind, has two objects, viz. an asylum for aged blind persons; and a school for the instruction of young blind persons, in manufacturing articles, by which they may gain a livelihood. Founded by the late Thomas Tawell, Esq. in his lifetime.

Norwich Humane Society for the recovery of persons apparently drowned.

The Friendly Society, for the benefit of poor women in sickness and old age, 1802.

The Norwich Society for the relief of the sick poor.

Norfolk and Norwich Savings Banks, established in 1816.

A Court of Request or Conscience for the recovery of small debts, is held in St. Andrew’s Hall, every Monday, before one alderman, and two of the common-council.

The Society for promoting Christian Knowledge. By the constitution of the society, all its members must be of the established church. Its principal object is the distribution of the Holy Scriptures and Prayer Books, and such religious tracts as are calculated to promote Christian knowledge at home and abroad, to advance the interests of religion and morality in general, and to defend the cause of the established church in particular.

Norfolk and Norwich Auxiliary Bible Society, instituted in 1811. Its objects are, 1st, to cooperate with the parent society; and 2d. to distribute Bibles and Testaments, without note or comment, to the poor of the county. Branch associations have been formed in upwards of 100 parishes.

Norfolk and Norwich Church Missionary Society, established in 1813. This society was instituted by members of the established church, for the purpose of assisting in the propagation of Christianity throughout the world. A branch association has also been established at Wymondham.

Norwich Ladies’ Association, in aid of the above. The name of this society explains its object.

The Dukes of Norfolk formerly had a magnificent palace in this city. It was made a ducal residence in the reign of Henry the Eighth, but pulled down in 1602, when a new palace was erected by Henry, Duke of Norfolk. The whole site where this palace stood, one of the largest in England, has been built upon by different proprietors.

St. Andrew’s Hall is a noble building, and was formerly a church belonging to a monastery of Black Friars. It was first began, in 1415, by Sir Thomas Erpingham; it had an handsome steeple, which through decay fell down in 1712. At the dissolution of the monasteries it was given to the mayor and citizens, for a hall to repair unto as a common assembly. In 1544, the first mayor’s feast was held in this hall, now denominated St. Andrew’s Hall. In 1774, it underwent alterations, and received some additions; in the year 1796, the hall was opened as a corn exchange, for which purpose it is used every Saturday. It was new painted, and the pictures cleaned and varnished, in 1803. There are numerous paintings embellishing this hall, among which are those of Queen Anne and Prince George of Denmark. In the centre is an admirable likeness of that immortal hero, Lord Nelson of the Nile, painted by Sir William Beechey. The assizes for the city were formerly held in this hall.

The Bridewell, or House of Correction, is built of black flints, curiously squared. The tower in the Hospital Meadow, called the Dungeon, or Cow’s Tower, is a circular building, with a round spiral staircase leading to the top; it is stated to have been built in 1390, at the expense of the city.

The palace of the bishop was built by Bishop Salmon. The great hall, 110 feet by 60, was pulled down, and the whole palace repaired at the restoration; four gates of the close remain, the great one, Erpingham’s, and two more. Opposite St. James's Church, is an old house, called "Fastolfe’s Palace," as once being the residence of Sir John Fastolfe, of Caister.

In this city there is a public library, instituted in 1784; also a society of artists, instituted in 1803, who make an annual public exhibition of their works during the assize week; and who meet once a fortnight, at their room in Sir B. Wrench’s court. In 1816, some of the original members of the old society seceded, and established "The Norfolk and Norwich Society of Artists." They have built a very handsome room on the Theatre Plain, and also make a public exhibition of their performances during the assizes. The meetings are held monthly.

A Society for Literary and Philosophical Improvement was opened in 1812, who meet every alternate Thursday evening during the session, in the old literary room, St. Andrew’s Hall. Members are permitted to introduce visitors, who are allowed the privilege of offering their remarks on the subject in discussion. In a valley, under a hill, out of the bishop’s gate, is the spot where Mrs. Cicely Ormes, and various inhabitants of this city and county, were burnt, in the sanguinary reign of Queen Mary, for professing the protestant faith, through the bigoted exertions of John Hopton, then bishop of Norwich, who died on the accession of Queen Elizabeth, as was said, through fear of retaliating vengeance. Among the illustrious natives of this city, were William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich, founder of Trinity Hall, Cambridge; Dr. Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury; Dr. John Kaye, the founder of Cains College; Dr. Cosin, Bishop of Durham; the celebrated Dr. Samuel Clarke; Dr. Edward Brown, the physician, son of Sir Thomas Brown; Dr. John Goslin, twice vice-chancellor of Cambridge; and Dr. Thomas Legg.

The markets of Norwich are thought to be the greatest in England; they are furnished with a surprising stock and variety of goods and provisions.—The market days are Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday.

Norwich contains a very elegant and commodious theatre, with an assembly-house contiguous, and a bowling-green.

Hackney coaches ply daily; the principal stand is in the marketplace.

By the Penny Post, letters are delivered in all parts of the city twice a day.

The mails from London arrive every forenoon, Monday excepted, about eleven o’clock, and are despatched every afternoon, Saturday excepted, at four. The Post-office is open for the delivery of letters an hour after the arrival of the different mails, at three o’clock precisely. The mails from Huntingdon, Cambridge, Newmarket, Bury, Thetford, &c. arrive and are despatched at the above times. The mails from all the intermediate places between London and Ipswich, and likewise between Ipswich and this, city, arrive every day at twelve at noon, and return again at four in the afternoon. The mail to Yarmouth is despatched daily, on the arrival of the mail coach from Newmarket, and returns at four o’clock in the afternoon. The mail from Cromer and Aylsham arrives at eleven o’clock in the forenoon, and is despatched every day on the arrival of the mail from Ipswich.

The mail from Coltishall and North Walsham arrives every morning at ten, and is despatched at one o’clock in the afternoon.

The post arrives every day, Monday excepted, from Reepham, and is despatched at two o’clock.

There are foot posts from Norwich to Loddon on Sundays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; and from Coltishall to Stalham every day, Monday excepted.

The principal inns ore the Norfolk Hotel, Mahl's Head, Angel, and White Swan. On the left, adjacent to the city, at Catton, is the seat of Alderman Ives.

The arms of the city are gules, a castle triple towered, argent; below it a lion of England, passant-guardant.

There are three Fire Offices in the city, and one for the Insurance of Lives and granting Annuities r viz. The Norwich Insurance Office, the Norwich Union Office, and the General Equitable Assurance Office. The Sun Fire Office, the Royal Exchange, the Phoenix, the British, the Suffolk, and the Imperial, have their respective agents here.

Among the many improvements which the city and its vicinity have experienced, the new carriage road by Carrow Abbey, ought not to pass unnoticed. It was planned by Mr. J. Cushing, and carried into execution under the patronage of the Corporation, affording employment to hundreds, who must otherwise have become burdensome to the parochial funds. The venerable remains of the Abbey, the many beautiful villas in the neighbourhood, aided by the scenery of the Wensum, afford a rich treat to the admirers of the picturesque.

The traveller desirous of spending a few days in Norwich, will not omit visiting its various extensive manufactories, to which he will find ready access; nor will he fail deriving pleasure, by a view taken from Mackarell's tower, towards Thorpe, Bracondale Kill, and the country adjacent.

Here it may be proper to observe, that what are called keels and wherries are, in a great measure, peculiar to the navigation between Norwich and Yarmouth, and are supposed to be superior to any small craft upon any other stream in England, as carrying a larger burden, and being worked at a small expense. They have but one mast, which lets down by a windlass placed at the head, carry one large square sail, are covered close by hatches, and have a cabin superior to many coasting vessels, n which it is not unusual for the keelman and his family to live. They are never navigated by more than two men, and often by a man and his wife, or a man and a boy. The usual passage for a loaded keel is from 12 to 16 hours; when light they perform it in five hours. The river Wensum is sufficiently broad in all places to permit two loaded keels to pass each other, and in some parts is twice that breadth. In the whole distance of 32 miles to Yarmouth, there is no obstruction by a lock or bridge. This kind of craft carry grain of every sort grown in the county, flour, &c., besides the goods manufactured at Yarmouth for foreign markets. In return, from Yarmouth, they bring coals, grocery, ironmongery, timber, wine, spirits, &c. The freight for grocery, and other goods imported, does not exceed 1s. 6d. per ton; and smaller articles pay about 4 ½ d. the hundred weight. The wherries are from 15 to 25 tons burden; keels from 40 to 60. The mast of the wherries is placed at the head; that of the keels in the middle. The passage depends upon the wind; when favourable, these vessels sail very quickly; when they go against the wind, they are pushed by long poles, called quants, which reach to the bottom; this is a slow and laborious process.

With respect to the trade of this city, it may be asked, How much has been owing to the enterprising spirit of its citizens. Their travellers have penetrated through Europe; their pattern cards have been exhibited in every principal town from Moscow to the milder climes of Lisbon, Seville, Naples, Rio Janeiro, and Buenos Ayres. The Russian peasant decorated himself with his sash of gaudy calimanco, and the Spanish hidalgo was sheltered under his light cloak of Norwich camlet, The introduction of Norwich articles into Spam soon made the manufacturer ample amends for the capricious turns of fashion in his own country. The taste of foreign nations was now consulted; the gravity of the Spaniard was suited in his plain hut finely textured camlet; the loom was taught to imitate the handiworks of Flora; and the most garish assemblage of colours of every dye, satisfied the vanity of the Bohemian and Suabian female. The great fairs of Frankfort, Leipsic, and Salerno, were thronged with purchasers of these commodities. Norwich was then crowded with its looms; every winter's evening exhibited to the traveller entering its walls, the appearance of a general illumination, and from 20 miles round the village-weavers resorted to it with the produce of their industry.

Norwich; this City deserves to be numbered among the chief of England, for the riches, populousness, beauty of the Houses, and the fair buildings of the Churches.

NORWICH is a city and county of itself, the seat of a bishop’s see, a municipal county and parliamentary borough, the assize town of the shire, place of election and polling place for the Eastern division of the county, and a union and county court town, on the navigable river Wensum, just above the junction with the Yare, with stations on the Great Eastern and Midland and Great Northern joint railways, 113 ½ miles from London, 20 west from Yarmouth, 48 ¼ east-by-south from Lynn, 23 ¼ west-north-west from Lowestoft, 53 ¾ from Ely, 68 ½ from Cambridge, 45 ½ from Ipswich, 62 ¼ from Colchester and 43 from Bury St. Edmunds, in the Blofield and Walsham petty sessional division, rural deanery, archdeaconry and diocese of Norwich.

The river Wensum flows through the city and is crossed by 10 bridges.

Communication is obtained with the general railway system by the Great Eastern railway and its branches to Yarmouth, Lowestoft, Lynn, Wells, Hunstanton, North Walsham and Cromer: The Midland and Great Northern joint railway also has access to this city and connects it with Cromer and Lynn. At Trowse is a large and important cattle station, belonging to the Great Eastern Railway Co.; on the departure side of the line are 13 lairs and 19 loading pens, capable of storing 2,000 head of beasts and 4,000 sheep; on the down side are 9 lairs and 13 pens, which will store 1,500 beasts and 3,000 sheep: the lairs and pens cover an area of nearly 7 acres: a new bridge over the line was built at Trowse in 1883. The river Yare, falling into the sea at Yarmouth, and the Waveney, connected with the Yare by a cut from Needham to Haddiscoe and with the sea by Oulton Broad and Lowestoft harbour, afford two independent channels seawards.

Tradition assigns to Norwich an origin of considerable antiquity: it is said to have been fortified in 575 by Uffa, the first king of the East Angles, who built the castle and made it his residence; and in 642 Anna, king of the East Angles, is reported to have kept his court in the royal palace at the Castle. In the time of Alfred the Great it was attacked by the Danes, and after its capture is stated to have become the capital of Guthrum. Under the later Saxon kings it had a mint, and the Domesday Survey shows that in the time of Edward the Confessor it was one of the largest towns in the kingdom, having 1,320 burgesses. In 1336 a number of Flemish weavers, driven out of their country by an inundation, settled here, and greatly improved the worsted and clothing trades: in 1565 a further immigration of artisans took place, in consequence of the persecutions in the Netherlands. In 1348 Norwich suffered severely from “The Black Death,” which destroyed a great part of the population. In 1549 it was the scene of the rebellion headed by Robert Ket, a tanner of Wymondham, who on Aug. 1 took possession of the city, but being defeated in an engagement with the Earl of Warwick, he was taken and hanged in chains at Norwich Castle. During recent years the city has been frequently visited by members of the Royal Family. On the 31st October, 1866, T.R.H. the Prince and Princess of Wales, with H.M. the Queen of Denmark, passed through Norwich to stay for a few days at Cossey Hall; and on June 17, 1880, the Prince of Wales laid the foundation stone of the new hospital; on April 18 in the following year, T.R.H. the Prince and Princess of Wales, the Duke of Edinburgh, and the late Duke of Albany took part in the opening of the first National Fisheries Exhibition, which led to the holding of the great International Exhibition in London, and for some time H.R.H, the Duke of Connaught, as an officer of Hussars, was a resident in the city. In November, 1882, the Prince of Wales was again in Norwich to open the Agricultural Hall, and more recently, 23rd Oct., 1894, the Castle Museum was opened by T.R.H. the Duke and Duchess of York. Norwich, as part of the kings demesne, was probably governed by an officer of his appointment in 1194, when Richard I. granted the city to the citizens at a fee farm rent, and gave them leave to choose their own provost. In 1223, 4 bailiffs were substituted for the provost, and this form of government continued till 1404, when the city received a new charter from Henry IV. by which it was for ever to be governed by a mayor and sheriffs elected by the citizens, and thereby became a county of itself. William Appleyard was the first mayor of Norwich. In 1413 the first Corporation was formed, consisting of twenty-four aldermen and sixty common councillors. The city and county of the city is now governed by a corporation, consisting of a mayor, sixteen aldermen and forty-eight councillors, with a sheriff, under-sheriff, recorder, judge of the borough court, town clerk, clerk of the peace, coroner and other officers. There is a separate commission of the peace for the city, holding quarter sessions and daily sessions, and the Corporation act as the Urban Sanitary Authority.

By the “Norwich Corporation Act, 1889,” the city was constituted one parish for all purposes, except ecclesiastical, and divided into 16 wards.

The city has returned two members to Parliament since 1298 or earlier.

Under the “Local Government Act, 1888,” Norwich is declared a comity borough for certain purposes of that Act.

Under an Act of Parliament obtained in 1867 a system of drainage has been completed at a cost of about £120,000: by which the sewage is conveyed to Trowse, where there is a pumping station for the irrigation of the sewage farm at Crown Point.

By a Local Act passed in 1889 sanction was given for the re-sewering of the city on the separate system, and works for this purpose, estimated to cost £80,000, are now (1896) in progress under the direction of the city engineer.

The city is lighted with gas from extensive works at Bishop’s bridge and St. Martin’s at Palace, belonging to the British Gas Light Co. Limited. Water is supplied by the City of Norwich Waterworks Co. whose pumping station is at Heigham, and the water is distributed by gravitation from storage reservoirs at New Lakenham.

Norwich became the seat of a diocese in 1094, when the see was transferred from Thetford, and at one time included the entire counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. In 1837 the archdeaconry of Sudbury in the latter county was transferred to the diocese of Ely, and the diocese of Norwich now consists of parts of three parishes in Cambridgeshire, the whole of Norfolk (with the exception of parts of a few parishes) and the greater part of Suffolk: it comprises the archdeaconries of Norwich, Norfolk, Lynn and Suffolk and is included in the province of Canterbury.

The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, founded by Bishop Herbert Losinga, in 1096, after the removal of the see from Thetford, is a stately edifice, principally in the Norman style, and invaluable as an illustration of the pure Norman ground plan, which it retains in a manner almost unchanged since its erection. The choir with its aisles and chapels, the transepts and the central tower, were completed by the founder, who carried his work as far as the altar of the Holy Cross (afterwards St. William’s) in the nave; Bishop Everard, who succeeded him in 1120, continued the nave and aisles westward, and in 1150 the remains of St. William the boy saint (crucified by the Jews in 1137, or March 10th, 1144), were translated into the apse: a fire in 1171 damaged the structure, but it was repaired by Bishop Turbe 1146—75, and John of Oxford, bishop from 1175, finished the work continued by Everard; in 1243—58, Bishop Walter de Suffield erected a Lady chapel at the extreme east end, on the site of the Norman Lady chapel, which he probably demolished; this building, a rectangular structure of considerable size, 57 by 36 feet, was, however, removed by Dean Gardiner in the 16th century to save the cost of repairs. Violent conflicts between the monks and the populace, which broke out on August 11, 1272, resulted in the partial destruction of the cathedral and its adjacent buildings, but in 1275 the citizens were ordered to pay 3,000 marks towards its restoration, and on Advent Sunday, 1278, it was reconsecrated by Bishop William de Middleton (1278—88) in the presence of Edward I. and his queen; a spire of wood, covered with lead, erected by Bishop Ralph Walpole in 1295, and blown down by a terrible storm of wind, January 15, 1362, was replaced in 1364—9 by a new spire of stone, finished by Bishop Thomas Percy (1354—70) and repaired by Bishop Walter Lyhart (1445—72); the cloisters, begun by Walpole in 1297, were finished in 1430, the south walk being the work of Bishop Salmon (1299—1325), who also erected the greater part of the charnel house, the palace hall, three bays of the gallery and a chantry chapel; about the middle of the 14th century two chapels, one on the north side and the other on the south side, were erected, about midway between the transepts and the side chapels of the apse, openings being cut through the walls, and Decorated stone arches, supported on columns, inserted so as to connect these, like the other chapels, with the aisles; St. Andrew’s chapel, on the north side, is entirely destroyed, and that on the south side, the Beauchamp chapel, has lost its original character, having been altered from the Decorated to the Perpendicular style during the 15th century; considerable alterations were made in the upper part of the presbytery in the middle of the 14th century, about which time Bishop Percy erected the present clerestory. Bishop James Goldwell (1472—99) spent 2,200 marks upon repairs of the spire (struck by lightning in 1463), the erection of a chantry chapel and the construction of the vaulting of the choir, to sustain which he reared a series of flying buttresses; in the middle of the 15th century Bishop Alnwyk built the present west entrance to the nave and the large window over it, and his successor, Bishop Lyhart, the stone vaulting of the nave; and early in the 16th century the north and south transepts were vaulted with stone by Bishop Richard Nix (1500—36).

The cathedral, as at present existing, is a cruciform structure, consisting of apsidal choir of four bays, with aisles and lateral chapels; transepts, with an ancient apsidal chantry or sacristy projecting eastward from the northern arm, nave of fourteen bays, and a central tower with spire, 315 feet in total height, and containing 5 bells; the total length, formerly, with the Lady chapel, 464 feet, is now 407 feet, the width, including the aisles, 97 feet, and the height to the centre of nave vaulting, 69 feet; the vaulting over the presbytery is 83 feet in height from the floor; the breadth across the transepts 178 feet, and the height of vaulting 73 feet. The choir terminates eastward in a semicircular apse, which still retains the double-arched entrance, formerly conducting to the now destroyed Lady chapel; westward, the choir is continued two bays into the nave, but the stalls do not reach further than the lantern: these, 62 in number, are of oak, in the Perpendicular style, canopied and pinnacled, and have curious misericords; in the central bay of the apse, upon a small platform, are fragments of the Bishop’s throne, and on the pavements and the nearest pillars traces of the three steps which led up to it, according to the Basilican arrangement; the clerestory is mixed Decorated and Perpendicular, a vaulting with elaborate bosses covering the central avenue; the windows, each of four lights, are set between canopied niches; the choir aisles are continued round the apse, forming an eastern processional path, which opens into two radiating chapels of circular form, each with a semicircular apse projecting eastward: the Jesus chapel is on the north and St. Luke’s on the south, the latter serving also as the parish church of St. Mary in the Marsh, which originally stood a short distance south-east of the cathedral, within the precincts, and was destroyed in 1563; its Perpendicular font now stands in this chapel: opening from the south choir aisle is the Beauchamp chapel, a Decorated work now serving as the Consistory Court, and there was a corresponding chapel of St. Stephen attached to the north choir aisle; crossing this aisle is an Early Decorated porch-like gallery, probably the chamber of an anchorite and once communicating with an exterior building, called the Sanctuary men’s chamber, or Relics chapel; the eagle lectern is Late Decorated; a rich screen on either side of the choir, with niches, canopies, and an open parapet rising to the floor of the triforium, conceals the pillars and aisles, and the choir screen of Bishop Browne incloses it at the west end. The transept is without aisles, but has in the north wing the eastern apsidal chapel of St. Anne; the corresponding chapel in the south wing has given place to a Decorated sacristy of the 15th century, vaulted, with an upper chamber; the vaulting bosses of the transept exhibit, in a series of nearly 90 sculptures, the story of the Nativity, but the work is later than and inferior to that of the nave; the south wing is finished on the exterior with square turrets on either side the gable, arcaded at the summit, and terminating in crocketed pinnacles. Above the crossing, raised on massive piers, rises the magnificent tower, the loftiest and richest example of a Norman tower in England: it consists of four stages, three of which are surrounded with arcading, and the fourth displays a double row of large circles, the upper tier being glazed so as to light that stage of the tower; the Decorated battlements are adorned with shields, and at the angles are square embattled turrets, with crocketed spirelets, of the same date as the great octangular spire, which is richly crocketed and capped with an elegant finial. The nave, in its simple majesty, is the largest, grandest, and most interesting of any in this country, but is out of all proportion, as regards length, to the rest of the fabric; on either side are seven double bays, with piers, alternately round and square, supporting an open triforium, of disproportionate size, the arches of which, heavy and circular, are too nearly of a height with those of the arcade below; the windows of the clerestory, each of one light, appear through the centre arch of an arcading, with three arches in each bay; and above these spreads a superb vaulting of stone, of Perpendicular date, adorned with 328 elaborately sculptured bosses, illustrating the history of the world, from the Creation to the Doom, which have been admirably described in the fine work published by Dean Goulburn in 1876. The south aisle is of uncommon height and has three storeys, with an embattled parapet; in the north aisle is a door leading to the greenyard, where there was anciently a preaching cross; the windows of both aisles have been filled with Late tracery.

The west front, although possessing the advantages afforded by a surrounding open space and forest trees, is wanting in dignity and importance, and consists simply of a gable between two turrets crowned with spirelets, while on either side extend the ends of the aisles, three storeys in height, with embattled parapets, and Norman turrets flanking each angle; the chief entrance is through a recessed doorway, with four canopied niches, above which is a rich Perpendicular window of nine trefoiled lights, filled in 1854 with stained glass as a memorial to Edward Stanley D.D. bishop of Norwich, 1837—49: a small light is set in the head of the gable, which terminates in a cross. The cloisters adjoining the cathedral on the south side, and in part occupying the angle between the nave and south transept, date from 1297—1430, and are only inferior in size to those of Salisbury, being 177 feet in length on the west and east sides and 176 on the north and south, with a height of 15 feet; at the north-west angles are a slype, and outer or great parlour; in the west alley are the Early English door of the guest-house and the lavatories, formed by inclosing arches recessed in the wall, panelled and enriched with carved foliage, while at the back are narrow canopied niches, inclosing pedestals: in the East alley are the processional door, with radiating tabernacles, three niches for book aumbries, and the beautiful triple entrance to the now destroyed chapter house, which projected 80 feet eastward and had a polygonal apse; the vaulting of the cloisters is particularly fine and has richly sculptured bosses; the dark cloister at the south-east angle led to the infirmary; three Late Norman pillars of its hall, built by Bishop John of Oxford 1175—1200, still remain; west of the cloisters are a guest hall and cellarer’s apartments, and between these intervenes a Norman building, the purpose of which is unknown; on the south side were the refectory and kitchen.Stolen from Fore bears

The principal monuments in the cathedral are the following: Bishop Herbert Losinga, ob. 1091, a modern altar-tomb erected in 1682; Prior W. Walsham, 1218; Sir Thomas Erpingham, 1420, low tomb; Sir Thomas Wyndham, vice-admiral, 1421, an altar tomb; Bishop John Wakeryng, 1426; Bishop James Goldwell, 1499, with canopied effigy; Sir John Hobart, attorney-general to Henry VII.; Bishop Richard Nykke or Nyx, 1536, a flat tomb, arched over, with the iron work for the sacring bell of the chantry chapel; Bishop John Parkhurst, 1575; Lady Elizabeth Calthorp, 1582; and Chancellor Miles Spencer, an altar tomb of the 16th century, on which the tenants formerly paid their rents; there is also a statue in Carrara marble, by Chantrey, to Bishop Henry Bathurst, who died in 1837. In the sacristy the table of the reredos of the Jesus chapel (1380—1400) has pictures on panel, of the 14th century, in five compartments, representing the closing scenes in the Life of our Lord; the heads are treated in the Italian manner, and the grouping is that of the Siennese school. Many important internal restorations were carried out by Dr. Goulburn, the late dean, in the period from 1871—1882, and a new clock with chimes, presented by Mrs. Goulburn, has been placed in the tower. A large sum of money was also spent on extensive repairs to the tower and spire internally during the years 1884—5. During 1892 considerable repairs were effected in the choir and transepts under the direction of Mr. C. J. Brown, surveyor to the Dean and Chapter, and a handsome brass lectern was presented by the members of the Cathedral Bible class. A new episcopal throne, erected, at a cost of about £1,000, and as a memorial to the Rt. Rev. and Hon. John Thomas Pelham D.D. Bishop of Norwich 1857—93, was uncovered by H.R.H, the Prince of Wales in May, 1895. And in June, 1896, a marble cenotaph, bearing a recumbent effigy of the bishop, was erected; Mr. J. Forsyth was the sculptor. The stone pulpit in the nave was the gift of Dean Goulburn, and there is also an oak pulpit, erected as a memorial after his resignation of the deanery in 1889.

The Erpingham gate, opposite to the west front of the cathedral, erected between 1411 and 1420 by Sir Thomas Erpingham, is a very early example of the ornamental Perpendicular flint work peculiar to the eastern counties, and forms a stately structure, with two demi-octangular buttresses profusely sculptured, and has thirty-eight small statues, as well as shields, figures of birds and foliage, and over the entrance the effigy of the founder, with his motto, “Denk,” i.e. “thank;” the charnel chapel of St. John the Evangelist, standing obliquely between this gate and the cathedral, was built by Bishop Salmon in 1316, and consists of a chapel built over a crypt, which has a double row of columns 14 feet high, and many-foiled round windows; some distance south of these stands St. Ethelbert’s or the Court Gate, built by the citizens about 1272, with a hanging or upper chapel of black flint in the Decorated style.

On the north side, in St. Martin’s plain, is the Palace or St. Martin’s Gate, erected by Bishop Alnwick, about 1430; near it is the Bishop’s Palace, a considerable pile, dating from the foundation of the church, and embracing almost every subsequent style; very extensive restorations and alterations were carried out in 1858—9 by Dr. Pelham, the late bishop, under the able guidance of the late Ewan Christian esq.; the private chapel, which stands a little in advance of the palace eastward, was built by Bishop Salmon about 1320 and thoroughly restored and refitted during the prelacy of Bishop Hall (1641—61): this chapel suffered much from the hands of the Puritans, who destroyed all the paintings, demolished all the stained windows, and stripped and sold the lead from the roof; it was, however, restored by his successor, Bishop Reynolds (1661—76), about the middle of the 17th century: in the palace gardens are the remains of a Decorated chapel (130 by 30 feet) and of the Palace hall (100 by 60 feet), built in 1299—1325, and destroyed by Cromwell, as well as the basement of a gate-house erected by Bishop Salmon, and a kitchen of the 13th century.

The Chapter Library in the audit room, at the south-east angle of the Close, consists of 3,200 volumes for the use of the clergy.

The parish churches are numerous and all ancient.

All Saints’, in Westlegate street, is a small building of flint, in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, north aisle, south porch and an embattled western tower with pinnacles, containing 3 bells: the church has a richly-sculptured octagonal font and there are mural tablets to John Moss, d. 1837; Mrs. Evans, d. 1856; and to Dr. Evans, d. 1862; there are 150 sittings. The register dates from the year 1573. The living is a rectory, consolidated with St. Julian’s, joint gross yearly value £150, net £106, with 164 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Rev. Henry Clement Sculthorpe B.A. vicar of Beeley, Derbyshire; the Rev. Edward Manley M.A. of St. John’s College, Cambridge, is in charge. In 1883 a portion of the parishes of All Saints and St. Julian was annexed to St. Etheldred’s, and at the same time a portion of St. Etheldred’s was annexed to All Saints.

St. Andrew’s, in Broad street, rebuilt in 1506 in an enlarged form on the site of the ancient pre-Conquest church, is an edifice of flint and stone in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, lofty clerestoried nave, aisles, north and south porches and a western tower with pinnacles, 96 feet in height, containing a clock with chimes (erected in 1883) and 10 bells: there are monuments to Sir John Suckling, ob. 1613, and his wife, and to Francis Rugg, thrice mayor of Norwich: the chancel retains sedilia and a credence, and there are several stained windows, including some ancient glass; the north aisle and west end were restored in 1895, the stonework to the windows in the former repaired and reglazed and replastered internally under the direction of Mr. H. J. Green, diocesan surveyor; the church affords 700 sittings. The register dates from the year 1558. The living is a vicarage, rent-charge £35, net yearly value £114, arising from 110 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of the parishioners, and held since 1856 by the Rev. Arthur Charles Copeman M.B., A.K.C.L, honorary canon of Norwich, rural dean of Norwich, surrogate and episcopal commissary for the archdeaconry of Norwich.

St. Augustine’s church, in St. Augustine street, is a plain but ancient building of flint in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, south porch and an embattled western tower of brick containing 3 bells: the church was partially restored in 1879 at a cost of £500, and underwent further restoration in 1892, when also the churchyard was laid out and furnished with seats: it affords 240 sittings. The register dates from the year 1558. The living is a rectory, gross yearly value £163, net £160, including 15 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1877 by the Rev. William Alexander Elder B.D. of Corpus Christi college, Cambridge.

St. Benedict’s church, in St. Benedict’s street, is an ancient building of flint, in the Early English style, consisting of chancel, nave, north aisle, north and south porches and a round tower with octagonal belfry stage containing 2 bells: the church affords 200 sittings. The register dates from the year 1563, but is imperfect. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £118, including 56 acres of bounty land, in the gift of the parishioners, and held since 1891 by the Rev. Josiah Wedgwood, of University College, Durham, and St. Aidans.

St. Clement’s, in Colegate street, is an ancient structure of flint, with stone dressings, chiefly in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, south aisle and an embattled western tower containing 3 bells: in the churchyard, opposite the south door, is the tomb of the parents of Matthew Parker, archbishop of Canterbury (1559—75), who resided here: adjoining the west wall is a tomb without any inscription, but known as the “Leper’s tomb,” which, tradition says, was raised over the remains of a leper: the church was partially restored internally in 1890, with new choir seats from designs by Mr. H. J. Green, of Norwich: there are sittings for 200 persons.

St. Edmund’s, in Fishgate street, is a small and plain edifice of flint in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, south aisle, north porch and an embattled western tower containing one bell: the church was restored in 1882, and has sittings for 250 persons. The register of St. Clement’s dates from the year 1538, and that of St. Edmund’s from 1550. The living is a rectory, united in 1882 to that of St. Clement, average tithe rent-charge £36, joint net yearly value £130, including 70 ½ acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of Caius College, Cambridge, and held since 1895 by the Rt. Rev. Wilfrid Bird Hornby D.D. of Brasenose College, Oxford, and late Bishop of Nyassaland. Cookes’s Almshouses for 8 poor persons, erected by the benefaction of Thomas and Robert Cookes, in 1692, were removed in 1892 from Rose lane, in the parish of St. Peter-Permountergate, and were re-erected in St. Clement’s parish.

St. Etheldred’s church, in King street, is an ancient structure of flint and brick, in the Norman and Perpendicular styles, consisting of chancel, nave, south porch and a small western tower, round at the base with an octangular belfry storey containing 4 bells: the Norman remains include a fine doorway; in the chancel is a monument to William Johnson, alderman, ob. 1611, with his effigy in municipal robes and kneeling figures of his wife, son and three daughters: the monuments and brasses belonging to the church of St. Peter, Southgate, taken down in 1887, were removed here: the nave was restored in 1882—83 at a cost of £900, and has 150 sittings. The register of baptisms dates from the year 1668; marriages, 1677; burials, 1665. The registers of St. Peter, Southgate, dating from 1558, are also now deposited here. The living is a perpetual curacy, united to St. Peter’s, Southgate, average tithe rent-charge £3, gross yearly value £143, net £123, including 88 ½ acres of glebe, in the gift of the trustees of the Great Hospital and the Bishop of Norwich alternately, and held since 1894 by the Rev. Edward Burroughes Pearse M.A. of Cavendish College, Cambridge, and also of Downing College. In 1883 a portion of St. Etheldred’s parish was annexed to St. Julian’s, a portion of St. Julian’s being at the same time annexed to St. Etheldred’s, and subsequently St. Etheldred’s was united to St. Peter’s, Southgate, in King street.

St. George, Colegate, is a large and handsome structure of flint in the Perpendicular style, rebuilt at different periods, viz. the tower and nave in 1459; the chancel in 1498; the north aisle with the chapel of St. Mary in 1505; and the south aisle with the chapel of St. Peter in 1513; it consists of chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, south porch and a lofty embattled western tower containing a clock and 3 bells: the east window is stained and there is much fine oak carving, especially on the reredos, pulpit sounding board and the spaces between and above the clerestory windows: the monuments include one to John Crome, the founder of the Norwich School of artists and generally known as “Old Crome,” who was born at Norwich in 1769 and d. 22 April, 1821, and another to John Herring esq. mayor in 1799, by the younger Bacon. Many of the Norwich mayors and sheriffs are interred here. In the chapel of St. Mary is an altar tomb in terra-cotta to Robert Jannys, a great benefactor to this parish and city; and the north aisle retains a fine brass to William Norwiche, dated 1475, and a piscina: the rood stair turret still remains on the south side: the church is seated with oak benches, affording 900 sittings. The register dates from the year 1538. The living is si vicarage, net yearly value £65, in the gift of the Bishop of Norwich, and held since 1887 by the Rev. William Cooke Matthews, of St. Bees. There are good parochial charities for the poor.

St. George’s, Tombland, is a large edifice of flint, in the Perpendicular style, with portions of older date, and consists of chancel, nave, aisles, north porch and a fine embattled western tower containing a clock and 5 bells: there are memorial windows to Dr. Sutton, d. 1846, and to Miss Hudson, d. 1867, erected by her nieces; a fine pulpit and a few ancient monuments, one of which is to the founder of the Great Hospital: the church was restored in 1883 at a cost of about £1,500, and has 220 sittings. The register dates from the year 1538. The living is a vicarage with the rectory of SS. Simon and Jude annexed, joint gross yearly value from 100 acres of glebe £124, net £70, in the gift Of the Bishop of Norwich, and held since 1895 by the Rev. Walter Francis Crewe.

St. Giles’ church at the top of St. Giles’ street, is a building of flint stone in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, lofty nave, aisles, south porch and an embattled western tower 120 feet in height and containing a clock and 8 bells: there are mural monuments to Adrian Payne, ob. 1686, Alderman T. Churchman, ob. 1742, Dr. William Offley, ob. 1767, and to Sir Thomas Churchman, d. 1781; and brasses to Richard Baxter, ob, 1432, and to a member of the Purdaunce family, ob. 1430: the church was thoroughly restored in 1866—7 at a cost of over £5,000, the chancel being rebuilt at the cost of the Rev. William Nottige Ripley M.A. vicar from 1859. The register dates from the year 1538, but for several years from that date the entries are only copies of the originals. The living is a vicarage, gross net yearly value £150, net £130, including 7 ½ acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1893 by the Rev. James Abbott Lloyd M.A. of St. John’s College, Cambridge.

St. Gregory’s, in Pottergate street, is a building of flint, chiefly in the Decorated style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, north and south porches, both groined, and a western tower containing 6 bells: the spire was removed in the last century: there are a few brass inscriptions of the 15th century and a monument to Sir Francis Bacon knt. a judge of the Kings Bench in the reign of Charles II. d. 22 Aug. 1657, and another to Sir Peter Seaman knt. d. 1715: the east window is stained and there is one memorial window: at the west end of the north aisle is a curious painting in distemper, of St. George, a relic of the ancient guild of St. George, the members of which worshipped in this church: the church, which retains an ancient brass eagle lectern, dated 1496, was once a place of sanctuary or refuge; the sanctuary knocker, the escutcheon of which is now attached to the vestry door, is a 14th century work, but the ring is lost; the interior and roof were restored in 1861 and 1874, and there are 434 sittings. The register dates from the year 1571. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £109, net £97, including 32 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1890 by the Rev. William Armine Slipper M.A. of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

St. Helen’s, in Bishopsgate street, now the church of the Great Hospital, is an ancient edifice of flint, in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, south porch, transepts, cloisters and a Perpendicular western tower containing one bell: there is a very fine piece of groining in the south transept, representing The Coronation of the Virgin-John Kirkpatrick, the antiquary, who assisted in compiling Blomfield’s History of Norfolk, is buried here: the choir of the church has been converted into wards for the alms-women, and all that part of the nave and aisles extending from the tower to the south porch is divided into apartments for the men, the intermediate space with the south chantry being all that is left open for divine service and affording 250 sittings: the church is kept in repair by the trustees of St. Giles’s or the Great Hospital. The register dates from the year 1678. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value, including the chaplaincy of the Great Hospital, £206, net £150, with residence, in the gift of the trustees of the Great or St. Giles’ Hospital, and held since 1891 by the Rev. George Harris Cooke M.A. of Wadham College, Oxford, and surrogate.

St. James’ with Pockthorpe, Cowgate street, is a small but ancient Perpendicular edifice of flint, consisting of chancel, nave, south aisle, south porch and an embattled western tower containing one bell: the ancient panelled font is richly ornamented with figures representing the Apostles and Evangelists and eight female saints: there is a mural monument dated 1632 and a brass dated 1618: the church was restored in 1885 at a cost of about £500, and has 240 sittings. The register dates from the year 1558. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £300, net £225, including 37 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1872 by the Rev. Alfred Davies M.A. of Clare College, Cambridge.

St. John’s, Maddermarket, is a building of flint and stone, in the Decorated and Perpendicular styles, consisting of nave of three bays, aisles, north and south porches and an embattled western tower with pinnacles, containing 6 bells, dated 1782: the north porch is richly groined: there are some line brasses to the families of Moneslee 1412, Terry 1520, Marsham 1525 and Southerton 1540, and a tablet to Lady Margaret (Audley), second wife to Thomas, fourth Duke of Norfolk K.G. who was interred here in 1563: in the south aisle are mural monuments of coloured stone to Nicholas Southerton, ob. 1540, and to Christopher Sayer, ob. 1600: the church was restored and the monuments renovated in 1886 at a cost of £1,200, and has 400 sittings. The register dates from the year 1558. The living is a discharged rectory, average tithe rent-charge £96, net yearly value £75, with £50 a year from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners and 46 acres of glebe and residence, in the gift of New College, Oxford, and held since 1894 by the Rev. Robert Alexander Hunter.

St. John de Sepulchre, at the top of Ber street, is a large building of flint, in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, transept, north porch and a lofty western tower containing a clock and 5 bells: the stained east window is a memorial to the Rev. Samuel Stone, a former vicar: the church was restored in 1866, and has 300 sittings. The register dates from the year 1559. The living is a vicarage, average tithe rent-charge £6, gross yearly value £122, net £75, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1890 by the Rev. George Nicholas Herbert M.A. of Corpus Christi college, Cambridge.

St. John the Baptist’s, Timberhill, in Ber street, is a building of flint in the Transitional style from Decorated to Perpendicular, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, south porch with parvise, two small chapels and a western bell-cot of stone containing one bell: the tower fell in 1784: the south chapel retains a piscina and a new piscina and sedilia have been placed in the chancel: the interior of the church was restored in 1874 and a considerable portion of the fabric in 1878; in 1889 the nave and chancel were new-roofed, the roofs of the aisles and chapels being at the same time restored: there are 200 sittings. The register dates from the year 1559. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £160, net £150, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1871 by the Rev. Edward Ram Th. A. of Kings Gollege, London, and chaplain to the Norfolk County Asylum.

St. Julian’s, in St. Julian’s alley King street, is a small but ancient building of flint, in the Norman style, consisting of chancel, nave, north porch and a small round embattled western tower containing one bell: there is one stained window: the interior was restored and reseated with open oak benches in 1871, and affords 150 sittings. The register dates from the year 1589. The living is a rectory, consolidated with that of All Saints, joint net yearly value £106, with 164 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Rev. Henry Clement Sculthorpe B.A. vicar of Beeley, Derbyshire; the Rev. Edward Manley M.A. of St. John’s College, Cambridge, is in charge.

St. Laurence’s, in St. Benedict street, rebuilt 1466—72, is an edifice of flint with freestone dressings, in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, north and south porches and a lofty embattled western tower 112 feet in height and containing 6 bells: there are several ancient brasses, including one to Geoffrey Langley, prior of St. Faith’s, c. 1437, and a good open timber roof, and has sittings for 600 persons. The register dates from the year 1559. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £115, with residence, in the gift of the Lord Chancellor, and held since 1891 by the Rev. Frederick John Moule M.A. of Corpus Christi college, Cambridge.

St. Margaret’s church, between Lower Westwick street and St. Benedict’s street, is a building of flint with freestone dressings, in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, spacious nave, south aisle, north porch, south porch with groined roof and parvise, small chapel and an embattled western tower containing 2 bells: there is an ancient brass, to Lady Anne Rede, ob. 1567: the stained east window is a memorial to Alfred Robert Arnold esq. and was erected in 1885 by his widow: the communion plate includes a silver chalice and cover, the work of Peter Petersen and dated 1567, and a silver-plated flagon given in 1895 by Miss Wenlock, late matron of the Jenny Lind Hospital: the church was completely restored in 1888, and now affords 350 sittings. The register dates from the year 1559. The living is a rectory, with that of St. Swithin annexed; net yearly value £87, principally derived from 108 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Bishop of Norwich, and held since 1883 by the Rev. Samuel Smith.

St. Martin’s-at-Oak, in Oak street, and so called from an oak tree formerly standing in the churchyard, in which was placed an image of the Virgin, called “Our Lady in the Oak,” is an ancient building of flint stone in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, south aisle, west porch and an embattled western tower containing a clock and 3 bells the church was re-seated in 1887 and now affords 420 sittings. The register dates from the year 1656. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £154, including 68 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1891 by the Rev. Robert Middleton, of St. Aidans. Connected with the church is a mission hall, seating about 300.

St. Martin’s-at-Palace, in Palace plain, is an ancient structure of flint and stone, in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, south porch with parvise and an embattled western tower with pinnacles containing one bell: the south doorway bears the rebus of Bishop Lyhart, or le Hert (1446—72), who is supposed to have completed the erection of the church: the east windows and several others are stained: the organ was erected in 1863 and renovated and enlarged in 1887: the church underwent a thorough restoration in 1854 and the tower was restored and raised to its original height in 1874: there are 360 sittings. The register dates from the year 1538. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £100, including 47 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of the Bishop of Norwich, and held since 1889 by the Rev. Samuel Cox. The vicarage house is close to the church.

St. Mary the Virgin’s, in Coslany street, is a cruciform structure of flint and cement in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave (built in 1477), transept, south porch and an ancient round western tower containing 6 bells: the south porch has groined vaultings and a parvise: the pulpit is panelled and dates from the 15th century: the church has been partially re-seated, and was restored in 1892: there are 300 sittings. The register dates from the: year 1558. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £20, including 48 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Marquess Townshend.

The church of St. Mary-in-the-Marsh, which stood in the precincts, about 100 yards south-east of the cathedral, was destroyed in 1563, and the Dean and Chapter then granted the parishioners the use of St. Luke’s chapel and the aisle of St. John the Baptist, both in the cathedral, for the purpose of holding their services and burying their dead: and the chapel of St. Luke still continues to be the church of this parish. The register dates from the year 1591. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £80, net £46, with 32 ½ acres of glebe, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1894 by the Rev. John Ishmael Thomas B.A. of St. David’s College, Lampeter, minor canon of the cathedral and precentor.

St. Michael’s and All Angels’, or St. Michael’s-at-Coslany, commonly called “St. Miles,” in Coslany street, is a large and ancient building of flint, chiefly in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, north porch and a lofty embattled western tower containing a clock and a fine peal of 8 bells: there are two ancient brasses with effigies in shrouds, to Henry Seottowe, alderman, ob. 1515, and Alicia, his wife, and to Richard Ffrench, four times mayor of Norwich, ob. 1501; and there is another to Helen Elizabeth Godfrey, ob. 1630: at the end of the south aisle, begun by Gregory Clark, alderman, and finished by his son, who was mayor in 1514, is the famous chapel built and endowed by Robert Thorp in the reign of Henry VII. the exterior of which is well known as furnishing the finest example of flint and stone panelled work to be found in this country, and now (1896) being completely restored: the north aisle and chantry chapel of St. John the Baptist were built by William Ramsey, mayor in 1502 and 1508, who is buried in the chapel, where there is an altar tomb to his memory: the nave was rebuilt by John and Stephen Staton, in 1511 and 1512: in 1883 the old altar piece of “The Resurrection,” by Heim, was removed, the blocked east window opened, the chancel re-floored and fitted with stalls, and a fine organ erected; and the exterior of the chancel was at the same time re-faced with stone and flint panelling in the style of the Thorp chapel and a stained window inserted, the whole cost being defrayed by Sir Harry Bullard kt. and his family: in 1888 the church was restored under the direction of the late Mr. E. P. Willins, diocesan architect, at a cost of £600: there are 700 sittings, 300 being free. The register dates from the year 1558. The living is a rectory, gross yearly value £70, including 33 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of the Church Patronage Society, and held since 1888 by the Rev. Sydney Albert Dudley Suffling, of University College, Durham.

St. Michael-at-Plea, in Queen Street, is an ancient cruciform building of flint and stone in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, transepts, a south chapel, dedicated to the Virgin, south-west porch and a low embattled western tower with pinnacles, containing a clock and one bell: there are two brasses to the Ferrer family, dated 1605: the reredos is composed of old panel paintings of the 14th century, formerly lying loose in the church, some of which formed part of the rood screen, and others probably belonged originally to a parclose or to a series of” Stations of the Cross”; all these have been restored, those on the reredos representing the Annunciation, the Betrayal, and two of the Crucifixion, together with figures of St. Erasmus, St. Margaret, and St. Thomas of Canterbury: another beautiful panel of the Resurrection is placed in a niche at the back of the pulpit, and two more, representing Moses and Aaron, on the west wall; the organ cost 350 guineas: there is a handsome carved stone pulpit, brass lectern and oak choir stalls, constructed in part of the old wood: the church was completely restored in 1887 and re-opened on St. Michael’s day in that year, and now affords 260 sittings. The register dates from the year 1539. The living is a rectory, average yearly value from tithe rent-charge £50, net £45, with 40 acres of glebe and residence, in the gift of Sir Thomas Barrett Lennard bart. of Belhus Park, Romford, Essex, and Major Alexander Henry Browne, of Callaly Castle, Northumberland, and held since 1895 by the Rev. Charles William Heathcote Baker B. A. of Hertford College, Oxford.

St. Michael-at-Thorn, in Ber street, is a small edifice of flint stone, chiefly in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, south porch and an embattled western tower with pinnacles, containing one bell: the porch is Norman: the tower fell 3 Nov. 1886, and was rebuilt in 1887 at a cost of over £500, under the superintendence of Mr. H. J. Green, architect: the church has been restored, and affords 379 sittings. The register dates from the year 1562. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £84, derived from 45 acres of glebe, in the gift of Constance Marchioness of Lothian, and held since 1876 by the Rev. William Frederic Creeny M.A, of St. John’s College, Cambridge, and F.S.A. (Lond.)

St. Paul’s, in St. Paul’s square, is a small building of flint, chiefly in the Perpendicular style, consisting of apsidal chancel, nave, north aisle, south porch and a low round western tower containing one bell: the church was restored in 1882, when the chancel was added: there are 430 sittings. In 1882 the churchyard was laid out as a garden, the expenses being paid by the late John Gurney esq. of Sprowston Hall. The registers date from the year 1567, and, excepting the oldest, are in a good state of preservation. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £270, including 51 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1872 by the Rev. Michael Satterthwaite Jackson, who resides at Catton. A mission church for this parish was erected in 1893 in Magdalen road, and will seat 300 persons.

St. Peter Hungate, on Elm hill, is an ancient cruciform structure of flint, consisting of chancel, nave, transept, south porch and an embattled western tower containing 2 bells: the east window is stained: in 1871—72 the interior of the church was restored and the nave re-seated with chairs: the organ was placed in the church in 1875, the cost being defrayed by voluntary subscriptions: there are sittings for 200 persons. The register dates from the year 1600. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £89, including 22 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Lord Chancellor, and held since 1871 by the Rev. William Ballyman Hull M.A. late scholar of Pembroke College, Oxford, and surrogate.

St. Peter Mancroft (“magna crofta castelli”), which stands in the Upper Market place, is the largest and most magnificent parish church in the city. The original building was Norman, but was replaced in the 15th century by the present church, which is a splendid example of the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, north and south porches, and a stately embattled western tower over 100 feet in height, with four angle turrets and a handsome fleche covered with lead and containing a peal of 12 bells: the total length of the church is 213 feet, breadth 70 feet, and height 60 feet: the columns of the nave with the clerestory windows above are singularly light and graceful, and the roofs of the nave and chancel are good specimens of fan tracery, springing from timber shafts supported on corbels: below the sacrarium, which is raised eight steps above the floor of the nave, is a passage with a vaulted roof, the greater part of the church being built over a crypt adapted to the rise of the hill, and forming the platform on which the church was erected: at the extreme east end is a Lady chapel, used of late years as a vestry: the font stands under a remarkable canopy supported by pillars, and was formerly surmounted by a richly decorated cover; only one baptistery of a similar character-that in Trunch church-is to be found in Norfolk: the east window is filled with old stained glass, and in 1880 another window was placed in the chancel in memory of R. Seaman esq.: at the west end of the north aisle hangs a piece of tapestry depicting the “Resurrection,” and dating from 1573: there is an ancient brass to Sir Peter Reade, dated 1568, and another to Sir Edward James Smith kt. M.D. founder (1788) and president of the Linnean Society, d. 17 March, 1828, and several mural monuments, including one to Sir Thomas Browne kt. M.D. the author of “Religio Medici,” who was knighted by Charles II. on his visit to Norwich in 1671, and died Oct. 19, 1682: the communion plate includes a pre-Reformation chalice and cover, a paten dated 1568, a superb cup and cover, given 1633 by Sir Peter Gleane kt. mayor of Norwich in 1615, embossed with a representation of Abigail bringing gifts to David; three large silver-gilt flagons and other silver-gilt vessels: portions of the exterior of the church were restored in 1881—2 under the superintendence of the late G. E. Street esq. R.A. at a cost of £15,000, and at Christmas, 1885, a very fine carved oak reredos was erected; in 1895—6 the tower was restored at a cost of £1,100: there are 1,000 sittings, about 400 being free. The register dates from the year 1538. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £320, including 49 acres of glebe and residence, in the gift of the parishioners, and held since 1890 by the Rev. William Pelham Burn M.A. of Pembroke College, Oxford, diocesan inspector of schools for the deanery of Ipswich and chaplain of the Norwich hospital. The population in 1891 was 1,004.

St. Peter-Permountergate, in King street, is a building of flint in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, south porch with parvise, and an embattled western tower containing 5 bells: there are some ancient stalls in the chancel, which also contains a tomb with recumbent effigies, to R. Berney esq. and his wife, dated 1623; a reredos of carved oak, richly decorated and including a panel picture of “The Last Supper,” was erected by the Rev. William Hudson M.A. vicar 1873—93, in memory of his wife, and several memorial windows have been placed by the Underwood family, carried out from the designs of Mr. H. J. Green, architect, of Norwich: the organ was erected in 1879: there are sittings for 400 persons. The register dates from the year 1538. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £86, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1893 by the Rev. Arthur Bayly Crosse M.A. of Caius College, Cambridge, and canon residentiary of Norwich.

The ancient church of St. Peter-at-Southgate, a building of flint and stone in the Perpendicular style, after being for some time in a ruinous condition, was taken down, with the exception of a portion of the tower, in 1887: the bells, monuments, brasses and registers were removed to the church of St. Etheldreda, and the two parishes are now consolidated.

St. Saviour’s, in Magdalen street, is a small but ancient edifice of flint and stone in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, south porch and embattled western tower, and containing a clock and 2 bells: the chancel is Decorated: the old south porch, which had been built up for nearly 200 years and used as a baptistery, was re-opened in 1891: the stem of the ancient font consists of four shafts resting on lions’ heads, and supporting ogee canopies, with pinnacles between: there are 300 sittings. The register dates from the year 1555. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £100, with 36 ½ acres of glebe, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter, and held since 1856 by the Rev. William Harris Cooke M.A. of Corpus Christ college, Cambridge.

SS. Simon and Jude’s, in Wensum street, is an ancient structure of flint in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, north porch and a low embattled western tower containing one bell: there are several ancient and curious monuments here to the Pettus family of Rackheath in this county, who left endowments to the parish, including Thomas Pettus, mayor in 1591, ob. 1597; Sir John Pettus kt. ob. April 9, 1613, and others: in the register is an entry showing that four knights, who came to Norwich with the Earl of Warwick in the reign of Edward VI. and were killed in the engagement at Mousehold, Aug. 27, 1549, with Ket, the Wymondham tanner, were buried in one grave in the chancel: there are 450 sittings. The register dates from the year 1539. The church is now used as a Sunday school, and the living is a rectory, consolidated with the vicarage of St. George’s, Tombland.

St. Stephen’s, in Rampant Horse street, is an edifice of flint in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, north chapel or chantry, nave, aisles, large north porch and a tower on the north side containing 3 bells: the roof is a fine example of open timber-work: there are several brasses, including one to Dr. Cappe, a former vicar of this parish, ob. 1445, and another to John Stalon, ob. 1500: a reredos was erected in 1857: three of the windows are memorials to the Brownson family and one to Sir Samuel Bignold, some time M.P. for Norwich, d. 1875, erected by his daughters in 1885: there are also a great number of mural monuments, not less than 600 persons having been buried under the floor of the church, which is seated with open oak benches, affording 900 sittings, about 500 of which are free. The register dates from the year 1538. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £300, net £270, including 28 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of; Norwich, and held since 1892 by the Rev. Frederick Charles Davies M.A. of St. John’s College, Cambridge.

St. Swithin’s, in St. Benedict’s street, is an ancient building of flint in various styles, principally Decorated, now consisting only of chancel, nave and aisles, the small embattled tower having been taken down by the city authorities in 1881: the windows retain fragments of old stained glass, but the church is now closed, being in a very bad state of repair. The register dates from the year 1700. The living is a rectory, annexed to that of St. Margaret’s, which see. The Temple charity of this parish, left in 1691 to be distributed to the poor in bread and clothing, is now very valuable, and constantly increasing.

The following are ecclesiastical parishes: —

Christ Church, New Catton, is an ecclesiastical parish, formed July 26, 1842, out of the parish of St. Clement. The church is a cruciform building of flint stone, in the Early English style, consisting of chancel, nave, transept, western porch and a turret containing one bell: there are 620 sittings, 437 being free. The register dates from the year 1841. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £308, net £150, with residence, in the gift of the rector of St. Clement’s, and held since 1882 by the Rev. Walter Samuel Wright M.A. of Corpus Christi college, Cambridge.

Holy Trinity church. South Heigham, was formed as a district chapelry out of Heigham parish Nov. 5, 1867: the church, in Essex street, erected in 1860 and consecrated in 1861, is a cruciform edifice of flint with brick facings, in the Decorated style, consisting of chancel, nave, transepts and an eastern tower with shingled spire containing one bell and a set of tubular bells, erected in 1890: in 1866 the central light of the east window was filled with stained glass, as a memorial to Mr. John Caton, by his widow: the side lights are memorials to the daughters of the present rector: another memorial window was erected in 1865 to children of the Rev. George Charles Hoste M.A. then rector, and there is one to the Bailey family: the brass lectern was presented in 1887: there are 1,120 sittings, half being free. The register dates from the year 1861. The living is a rectory, tithe rent-charge £73, average £53, net yearly value £290, with residence, built in 1869, in the gift of the Bishop of Norwich, and held since 1875 by the Rev. John Callis M.A. of St. Catharine’s College, Cambridge. South Heigham Parochial Hall, in Essex street, built in 1877, will seat 300 people, and has a library and class-room attached. The Bishop Pelham Memorial Hall, in Gloucester street, erected in 1896, is a temporary iron structure, and also serves as a mission ball.

St. Philip’s was formed as a district out of Heigham parish March 31, 1868: the church, on the Heigham road, was built in 1871 from designs by Mr. E. Power, architect, of London, and is a structure of flint with stone dressings in the Early French Gothic style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, north and south porches and a western tower with pinnacles containing a clock and one bell: a brass eagle lectern was placed in the church June, 1887: there are 800 sittings, 400 being free. The register dates from the year 1871. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £200, in the gift of the Bishop of Norwich, and held since 1888 by the Rev. Alan Gwyn Blyth M.A. of Christ’s College, Cambridge. St. Philip’s Rooms, formerly the temporary church, are now used as Sunday schools and for parish purposes.

St. Thomas’s is an ecclesiastical parish, formed in 1888 from the parishes of Holy Trinity and St. Philip’s, Heigham: the church in Earlham road is a building of red brick with stone facings, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, south porch and a small central turret containing one bell: the stained east window was presented by Col. and Mr. J. J. Winter and the Rev. C. L. Rudd M.A. now of Twickenham, and curate of St. Philip’s, Heigham, 1869—73: there are 685 sittings, many of which are free. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £200, in the gift of the Bishop of Norwich, and held since 1884 by the Rev. Charles William Claridge. A vicarage house has been built from designs by Mr. Herbert J. Green, architect, of Norwich. The Parish Room, opened in 1885, and formerly used as a temporary church, will seat 300 persons.

The city of Norwich is now included in the Catholic See of Northampton.

The Catholic church dedicated to St. John the Baptist, begun in 1884 at the expense of the Duke of Norfolk E.M., K.G. and opened 29 Aug. 1894, occupies a commanding site immediately outside St. Giles gate: the building is of stone from designs by G. Gilbert Scott esq. M.A. but at present consists only of nave, aisles and a side chapel.

St. John’s Catholic church, in St. John’s street, Madder-market, is an ancient edifice of brick, and contains two altars and a sanctuary, but is now (1896) closed.

The Convent of the Sisters of Notre Dame is at St. Catherine’s hill, Surrey road, and includes a boarding and high school for young ladies and preparatory school for little boys.

Trinity Presbyterian church, in Theatre street, an enlargement of St. Peter’s Hall, opened in 1867 and enlarged in 1874, is a structure of white brick with Bath stone dressings, in the Lombardo-Gothic style: in the centre of the front is a large rose window, and at the south-west corner a square campanile 100 feet in height: the church will seat about 500 persons. A lecture hall was erected in 1888 in rear of the church, and is used as a Sunday school: it will hold about 650 people.

The Jewish Synagogue is in Synagogue street: there is a meeting house for the Society of Friends in Upper Goat lane, with 400 sittings, and a Catholic Apostolic church in Queen street, with 100 sittings.

The Baptist chapel, Unthanks road, erected in 1874—5, at a cost, exclusive of spire, of about £6,000, is an edifice of Kentish rag with Bath stone dressings, in an Early Gothic style, consisting of apsidal chancel, nave with clerestory, aisles and a tower: in the apse are three stained windows: attached are vestries and lavatories and a school room: the chapel will seat 650 persons.

There are other Baptist chapels in Colegate street, St. Mary’s plain, Timberhill street, Gildencroft, Sayers street, Heigham, and Surrey road.

The Princes Street Congregational chapel, erected in 1819, and considerably enlarged and improved in 1869, is a building of white brick in the Classic style, with a pedimented facade; the interior has galleries on three sides and an apse at the end: there are about 1,100 sittings. There are other Congregational chapels in Priors yard. Colegate street (Old Meeting House), Magdalen road, and one in Chapelfield, finished in 1858 at a cost of £2,000.

Princes Street Congregational Lecture hall and Sunday schools, erected in 1879—80, at a cost, including site, of about £13,000, is a structure of white brick in the Classic style, containing large infants’ school room, mothers’ meeting room, church parlour, class rooms, retiring rooms, and on the ground floor an assembly or school room, 62 feet long by 39 feet wide, seating, together with an adjoining class room, about 770 persons.

There are Primitive Methodist chapels in Cowgate street, Dereham road, Queen’s road, and Nelson street; Free Methodist chapels in Calvert street and Chapelfield road; Wesleyan chapels in Ber street. Lady’s lane and Park lane; a Unitarian chapel in Colegate street; and a Wesleyan Reform chapel in Belvoir street. The Swedenborgian chapel is in Park lane, and the Plymouth Brethren have places of worship in Princes street, Redwell street and Wensum street.

The Salvation Army citadel in St. Giles street was erected in 1892 at a cost, with site, of £4,000, and will hold 1,500 persons.

The Dutch church, so called from having been leased at one time to the Dutch residents in this city, consists of the choir of the church of the Black Friars, the nave of which is now St. Andrew’s Hall.

The Norwich cemetery, between Dereham and Earlham roads, was laid out in 1856, and has an area of 60 acres, with four mortuary chapels, and is under the control of the Corporation of Norwich, acting as a Burial Board. The Rosary Cemetery, at Thorpe Hamlet, opened in 1821, and occupying about 12 acres of ground, with one mortuary chapel, is the property of shareholders, and is under the management of trustees appointed by a deed of settlement.

The Guildhall, standing in the north-west angle of the Market square, is an ancient and irregularly built structure chiefly of flint and freestone, with embattled parapets, and was erected in the 15th century, the west end being rebuilt in 1568 t it contains portraits of early mayors and benefactors, and here also is preserved the sword of the Spanish admiral Don Xavier Francisco Winthuysen, surrendered at the battle of Cape St. Vincent, 14th February, 1797, and presented to the city by Lord Nelson, whose letter, dated from the “Irresistible,” 20th February; 1797, accompanies it. The basement of the Guildhall is occupied by the city police and the fire brigade.

The municipal insignia comprise a chamberlain’s mace, 3 feet 2 inches in length, made at a cost of 20 marks (£13 6s. 8d.), about 1551, in which year it was given to the city by the St. George’s Gild; it is formed of seven prisms of rock crystal and glass, mounted in silver-gilt, with silver-gilt and crystal knops between; the head is crowned and jewelled, and bears the arms of the Tudor sovereigns, and below it are figures of lions holding shields: there are other maces given by a former Duke of Norfolk and Sir Robert WalpoIe; one formerly belonging to the St. George’s Gild; and a sword of State, with a blade of the 16th century, of Spanish make, bearing the well-known name of Sebastian Hermantez; on the pommel are two seated figures, and the hilt is inscribed: Ex dono fraternitatis Sci Georgii in Norwico, An. Doni. 1705; the Scabbard is of crimson velvet, with the royal arms and cherubs’ heads: the Corporation has also some very valuable plate, including a splendid silver-gilt laver and ewer, presented in 1663 by the Hon. Henry Howard, and a silver-gilt salt given by Peter Reade.

The Shire Hall, which adjoins the Castle, was erected in 1822: the assizes and quarter sessions for the county, as well as the County Court, are held here. The Hall was enlarged in 1887, when waiting rooms for witnesses and 21 new cells for males and 4 waiting cells for females were constructed.

The County Police Station is on the north-west of the Shire Hall.

St. Andrew’s Hall, which stands a little to the west of the Cathedral, was originally the nave of the conventual church of the Black Friars, rebuilt by Sir Thomas Erpingham before 1428: it now forms one of the finest Perpendicular halls in the kingdom, being 124 feet long and 64 wide, and is used for the triennial musical festivals, for civic feasts and for public assemblies: an organ, by Messrs. Bryceson, was erected in the hall by public subscription in 1880, and the walls are hung with portraits mostly of Norfolk celebrities: the chancel or choir of this church, leased in 1625 to Dutch and Flemish refugees, and hence called “the Dutch church,” now serves as an adjunct to the hall.

There are also remains of a Convent of Whitefriars or Carmelites, founded by Philip Fitz Warin, and dedicated to St. Mary, and of the Benedictine Nunnery of SS. Mary and John, at Carrow, founded in 1146 by Leyna and Leftelina, or by King Stephen, and famous as a place of education for daughters of the nobility.

The Corn Exchange, built in 1861, in place of the previous Exchange, erected in 1826 at a cost of £6,000, is a structure of white brick, about 126 feet long by 81 feet wide, covered with a glass and corrugated iron roof supported by two tiers of iron columns, and contains portraits of the founder, John Culley esq. and Thomas William Coke esq. for many years M.P. for Norfolk, who was created Earl of Leicester, 12 Aug. 1837, and died 30 June, 1842.

Norwich Castle, situated on a huge artificial mound, was probably founded by one of the early East Anglian chieftains, or, as affirmed by some authorities, was the work of Uffa, first King of the East Angles (575—82), and became a royal castle about 642, when it was the seat of Anna, 7th King of the East Angles: in 1004 it was destroyed by Sweyn, King of Denmark, but was rebuilt, probably by Cnut, c. 1020, and after a series of vicissitudes, was allowed at the close of the 13th century to fall into neglect, and the portion now remaining consists only of the embattled Norman keep, 96 by 92 feat, and about 70 feet high, and from its elevated position is one of the most striking buildings in the city; it was given up to the county of Norfolk by Geo. III. in 1805, and the grant was confirmed by Act of Parliament in 1806; it, however, long remained a mere shell, its original apartments and roof having been entirely removed: towards the close of the last century a prison was built within its four walls: in 1824 a larger prison, consisting of several buildings, was erected on the top of the hill adjoining the keep, and enclosed by the present embattled granite wall; the whole of the castle buildings being surrounded by a broad walk commanding good views of the city: the sides of the hill were also at the same time enclosed and planted with trees and shrubs. The ornamental work and facing of the keep were restored at the expense of the county during the period 1834—9, under the direction of Mr. Anthony Salvin, architect; the battlements and corbel tables, which had perished, being reproduced. On the east side of the ancient keep is Bigod’s tower, a projecting structure, about 56 feet by 92 feet, built, it is conjectured, by Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, and supported by buttresses; it Contains a very fine Norman doorway, forming the original grand entrance to the keep: crossing the now dry fosse or moat, which has been converted into a pleasant garden and furnished with seats, is an ancient stone bridge of one semi-circular arch, 40 feet in span, and considered to be of Saxon date. The Castle was used until August, 1887, as a county gaol, but the prisoners were then transferred to the new prison, erected on Mousehold. On account of this projected transfer the castle and the greater part of the grounds were, in 1884, purchased by the Norwich Corporation for the nominal sum of £4,000; and the keep and other buildings within the granite wall have sines been converted into picture galleries and a museum for the reception of the collections of the Norfolk and Norwich Museum and others. The keep itself has been new roofed, a number of its blocked windows reopened and its interior completely reconstructed: during the progress of the work, the ancient well of the keep, 115 feet deep, was discovered and still found to afford a good supply of water. The total cost of converting the keep and its adjacent buildings into a museum, including fittings and cases, was about £22,000, defrayed in part by a gift of £5,000 by the late John Gurney esq. and otherwise by public subscription, and the work was carried out from plans by Mr. E. Boardman F.R.I.B.A, of Norwich. The whole of the buildings cover an area of about one acre, and are arranged along seven sides of an octagon, the eighth, or south-west, side being interrupted by the great keep; three of the principal rooms on the north, east and west respectively, project at right angles towards the centre of the octagon, and other three, on the north-east, north-west, and south-east, are arranged parallel to these sides, the whole being connected by corridors, and the open spaces between the interior buildings laid out in grass lawns and gravelled walks. The entrance hall, paved with marble mosaic, contains a number of interesting exhibits illustrative of natural history, and near it is the Corporation Muniment Room, to which has been transferred the valuable MSS. formerly preserved at the Guildhall, and comprising Royal charters, deeds, rolls, bound volumes, and many important documents of modern date: the British bird room includes the collection made by the late Mr. Edward Lombe, of Melton, near Norwich; and in another room is the splendid collection of Raptorial birds, formed by the late Mr. J. II. Gurney, and representing 403 out of 470 species, and opposite the east end of this apartment is a room in which large numbers of skins are preserved in cabinets: the third room, on the north-east, is occupied by a miscellaneous collection of foreign birds, presented by various donors, and the north-west room by reptilian mammalia and fishes, and there is also an extensive collection, partly kept in this room, the remainder being in the foreign bird room: the western room is devoted to geology and mineralogy, and the various corridors are chiefly filled with portions of the Natural History collections, including several cases containing specimens of the nests and eggs of both British and foreign birds: the collections of insects are arranged in a gallery above the skin room, and comprise those made by Mr. J. B. Bridgman, Mr. Sparshall, and Mr. Wilkin, besides a cabinet of exotic insects. Between the keep and the geological department is a smaller room specially fitted up to receive the valuable collection of antiquities presented by the late Mr. Robert Fitch F.S.A, who died in 1895; and from this room access is obtained to the keep itself, which is also devoted in part to antiquities, but contains in addition objects illustrative of ethnology, and a collection of rare books and MSS.: in the basement is a miscellaneous collection, including a number of specimens of manacles, gibbet irons, and instruments of punishment and torture. The buildings also comprise a picture gallery, which occupies the entire north block, and a considerable space in which has been allotted to artists of Norwich and Norfolk; there are also numerous portraits of local worthies, and some works by Dutch painters. The museum was opened Oct. 23, 1894, by T.R.H. the Duke and Duchess of York.

The Agricultural Hall, at the top of the Prince of Wales road, opened in 1882 by H.R.H, the Prince of Wales, is an edifice of red stone and red brick, from designs by Mr. J. B. Pearce F.R.I.B.A, of Norwich, and has in front a pediment adorned with the arms of the city: the basement of the buildings contains a kitchen and dining room; on the ground floor are the buffet and ladies’ room, and the board room, secretary’s and other offices; the main hall is 147 feet in length and 98 feet wide, with pens of wrought iron, all moveable: on three sides of the hall are galleries, and cranes are provided on the east and west sides for raising exhibits: over the main entrance and offices is a large room, 48 feet wide, available for public assemblies, and containing a stage: the building is licensed for theatrical entertainments, and the assembly room will seat 1,000 persons. The Victoria Hall, in St. Andrew’s Broad street, is also licensed for theatrical entertainments, and will seat 1,000 persons.

The Theatre, at a short distance from Theatre plain, was erected in 1826, near the site of a former theatre, built in 1757. Noverre's Assembly Room, Theatre square, 70 feet by 35, is used for balls and concerts, for which it is well adapted: attached are ante-rooms and supper and retiring rooms, and adjoining is a spacious lawn with a conservatory to which the large room opens, with spacious entrances and separate ways of egress.

The General Post Office, at the junction of Castle meadow and Prince of Wales' road, originally erected by the late Sir Robert Harvey bart. in 1865 as a bank, and opened January 1st, 1866, has been used as a post office since 1875; it is a building of Bath stone, in the Italian style, from designs by Mr. P. C. Hardwick, architect, of London, and comprises a large room for general business, telegraph room, postmaster’s room and offices; the front is relieved by a portico with eight coupled columns of the Ionic order.

The Market place is about 600 feet long and 340 feet wide, and in the centre stands a bronze statue of the Duke of Wellington; the space is mostly occupied by butchers’ stalls and a fish, butter and vegetable market. Markets, including a skin market, are held every Wednesday, and a corn and cattle market every Saturday on the Castle meadow, opposite the Castle. Tombland fair for horses and cattle, is held on the day before Good Friday and pleasure fairs are held at Easter and Christmas.

The Norwich Free Library, at the corner of St. Andrew’s Broad and Duke streets, is a large and handsome building, erected at an outlay of £10,000 and opened in 1857: it includes, on the ground floor, a large room used for the reference department, and a lending library of 16,700 volumes (exolusive of 3,100 volumes circulating in elementary schools), open every day except Sundays, Thursdays, Christmas-days, Good Fridays and Bank Holidays, from 11 a.m. to 9 p.m.: on the first floor are three reading rooms (including one specially used by women and another by students), containing the city library of 1,800 volumes, a reference library of 11,300 volumes and 5,800 pamphlets (including 2,900 volumes and 3,800 pamphlets of a local character) and a collection of local maps, portraits, views, &c.: here also is a good supply of London and provincial newspapers, reviews, magazines, periodicals and directories; these rooms are open every day from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. except Sundays (when the hours are from 3 to 9 p.m.), Christmas-days and Good Fridays. In the School of Art, at the top of the building, classes are held in connection with the Art Department at South Kensington, and here are also kept the instruments of the Norwich Meteorological Society.

The Norfolk and Norwich Library was formed in 1866 by the union of the Norwich Public Library, founded in 1794, and the Norfolk and Norwich Literary Institution, founded in 1822: the amalgamated library contains a very valuable collection of upwards of 55,000 volumes. The annual subscription is £1 5s. and there are 600 subscribers. In the same building are included three other libraries, viz.: that of the Norwich Medico-Chirurgical Society, consisting of about 5,000 volumes of medical and surgical works; the Norfolk and Norwich Incorporated Law Society’s Library, of about 3,000 volumes, and a small library belonging to the Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Society, including some valuable local manuscripts.

The local societies for the cultivation of music include the Norwich Gate House Choir, Prince’s Street Musical Society, Norwich Philharmonic Society and the Ladies’ Orchestral Society. The Norfolk and Norwich musical festival is held triennially in St. Andrew’s Hall, under the management of a very influential committee. Norwich has produced several eminent painters, particularly John Crome, familiarly known as “Old Crome,” who was born here 21 December, 1769.

The following Freemasons’ lodges hold their meetings at 47 St. Giles’ street:-Union, No. 52; Social, No. 93; Perseverance, No. 213; Cabbell, No. 807; Sincerity, No. 943; and Walpole, No. 1,500: there is also a Mark Masons’ lodge, Walpole, No. 92; and Albert Edward chapter, Rose Croix, No. 87 and Clarence chapter No. 116.

The Norwich Mutual Loan Fund Society, established in Feb. 1835, consists of a number of persons who form a common fund by monthly contributions, in order that they may obtain sums of money varying from £10 to £50 upon loan, such loans being made only to members of the society upon adequate security. At the end of each year its entire profits, with a slight exception, are equally divided amongst all the shares, whether borrowed or invested; the Society had, up to January, 1895, advanced on loan to its members the sum of £28,350, and there were then 1,265 members holding 3,116 shares. Offices, 17 Pottergate street.

The Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Institute, at the junction of Tombland and Queen street, was founded in 1894; the premises being altered and adapted to suit their present purpose, and the building was opened 19 Dec. 1895, by Field-Marshal Viscount Wolseley K.P., G.C.B., G.C.M.G, P.C. commander in chief.

The Young Men’s Christian Association, St. Giles street, was established in 1857, and has now (1896) over 600 members, including the junior branch in connection with it.

The Church of England Young Men’s Society, founded in 1847, occupies premises in Little Orford street. The Junior Institute is in Princes Street.

Norwich is within the Eastern military district, the head quarters of which is at Colchester.

The Cavalry Barracks, at Pockthorpe, built in 1791 and occupying the site of the old Manor house, have been enlarged and form a pile of buildings of red brick, surrounded by a high wall, inclosing an area of 10 acres; they will hold 440 men of all ranks and about 300 horses. There are also barracks, erected in 1887 on land given by the Corporation, at Mousehold heath, which are the depot of the 9th Regimental District and the head quarters of the West Norfolk Militia, forming the 3rd and 4th Battalions of the Norfolk Regiment. The depot is about a mile and a half due east of Norwich Cathedral, near the Plumstead road, on a site presented to the War Office by the Mayor and Corporation of the city, and will hold 440 officers and men, including those in married querters, and has an attached hospital.

The Volunteer Drill hall in Chapel Field road was opened in 1886 by T.R.H. the Prince and Princess of Wales, and is a large building of flint and Ted brick, in the Castellated Gothic style, 144 feet long and 62 feet wide: the tower, which formed part of the old city wall, is now used as an orderly room.

The Norwich and Norfolk Conservative Club occupies premises adjoining the Norfolk Hotel, in St. Giles’ street.

The Norfolk County Club is in Upper King street, and has 330 members.

The Royal Norwich Golf Club, formed in 1893, has links and a club house at Hellesdon; there is a full course of 18 holes, and 'a separate ladies’ course of 9 holes; Campbell Sleward esq. Upper King street, hon. sec.

The Norwich Rowing Club has premises in King street.

A Chamber of Agriculture was established in 1866.

Norwich has an extensive trade; the chief manufactures of the city are bombazine, crape, gauze, challis, mousselin-de-laine, fillover shawls, silk shawls, bandannas, camlet, mohair, paramatta, poplin, barege, glove cloths, sawing cotton, coach lace, horsehair, cloth, sacking and sail cloth. There are several large foundries; agricultural implements, steam boilers, galvanized wire netting, iron fencing, and iron gates are extensively made here, and the proximity of the city to the rivers Wensum and Yare affords great facility for transport. There are also paper mills, tanneries, five large breweries, maltkilns, coach works, rope, brush and artificias manure works; the boot and shoe trade also employs some thousands of hands and has now become one of the staple trades of the city, and ready-made clothing is largely manufactured. Goods are exported chiefly by river to Yarmouth, and Lowestoft, and by rail to London.

There are five banks and a savings bank-Messrs. Gurney and Co.’s bank was in 1896 amalgamated with Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, Ransom, Bouverie and Co. of London, under the style of Barclay and Co. Limited; the principal bank is in Bank plain and there are branches in Magdalen street, St. Benedict’s street and St. Stephen’s street; the National Provincial Bank of England Limited in London street; the London and Provincial Bank Limited, in the Haymarket; Sir Edmund K. Lacon bart. Lacons, Youell and Kemp, in the Market place, and the Stamford, Spalding and Boston Banking Co. Limited in London street. The Norfolk and Norwich Savings Bank, 13 Haymarket, was established in 1816, and certified under the act of 1863; at the close of the year ending 20 Nov. 1895, there were 12,646 depositors, besides 104 charitable societies and penny banks, and 147 friendly societies.

The Carrow Mustard Works of Messrs. Colman, originally at Stoke, were transferred to Norwich about 1860, to new premises erected at Carrow, alongside the Wensum. These premises have since been repeatedly enlarged until now they have a river frontage, including cooperages, lofty factories, workshops and timber yards, of about three quarters of a mile. A siding of the Great Eastern Railway runs down the centre of the works and 2,000 operatives are in constant employment. The mustard here made is produced by a most elaborate and complicated system of machicery, and the processes to which the mustard seed is subjected before the flour ground out of it is converted into the manufactured article is very remarkable. No less than six grades of mustard are manufactured by Messrs. Colman, and in the higher sorts, the flour of the more expensive brown seed is more largely used than that of the white seed. The tin boxes in which the mustard is sent out are made in monster workshops to the extent of many millions yearly, and the mustard is picked in these tins and labelled by numerous lads, arranged in groups of six. Labels &c. are all printed on the premises, and the boxes and barrels in which the mustard is packed for transportation are all manufactured at the works. The steam cooperage, saw mills and wood box shop, with their marvellous machinery, including one for nailing boxes together, are exceedingly interesting. Another gigantic department at Carrow is that for the production of starch, manufactured entirely from rice, chiefly grown in Madras and Bengal Presidencies. The three warehouses in which the manufactured starch is packed will each hold 1,000 tons. The packing of the starch is done by girls in groups of 11. The staff in this department numbers 600 women and girls, and in all about 1,200 hands are employed on the starch works. Corn flour is another product for which Messrs. Colman have obtained a reputation, and won the highest honours ever awarded for that article. The most scrupulous cleanliness, it is needless to say, prevails throughout the department in which this article of food is produced. Blue is likewise produced at Carrow in very considerable quantities and shipped to all parts of the world, and on account of its purity and general excellence, the blue made here is now used in Her Majesty's laundry. The various residuals are converted into articles of commerce, and the mustard oil expressed at Carrow has of late years come into great demand as a specific for rheumatism.

The Norwich Vinegar Works and distillery of Messrs. Hills and Underwood, in the Prince of Wales’ road, were established in 1762: the business includes the distillation and rectifying of gin, a branch scarcely less important than the manufacture of vinegar; also British cordials and liqueurs: the vinegar brewery and distillery form a handsome block of buildings, the whole, including yards and storehouses, covering an area of several acres.

At St. Miles’ Bridge are the extensive iron works of Messrs. Barnard, Bishop and Barnards Limited, whose artistic productions in iron and brass, wire netting, horticultural and garden requisites have a wide reputation: and they are now the patentees and sole manufacturers of mixed mesh galvanized wire netting.

Messrs. Boulton and Paul, of Rose Lane Works, are also extensive manufacturers of wire netting and horticultural buildings, and every requisite for the garden, park, kennel, poultry-yard, aviary and stables.

The Norfolk County Lunatic Asylum is at Thorpe, under which place a description will be found.

The City Lunatic Asylum at Hellesdon, distant about three miles, was erected in 1880 at a total cost, including site and furnishing, of about £64,000, from the designs of Mr. R. M. Phipson F.R.I.B.A, of Norwich, on the block system, and consists of a series of detached buildings connected by corridors and surrounded by airing courts: the building is available for 300 patients, of whom about 100 occupy single rooms, the other 200 being associated together in dormitories containing from 11 to 20 patients each: in 1881 a mortuary and stables were built near the entrance lodge, as well as two semi-detached cottages for the artisans: workshops for the pursuit of various handicrafts were added, and in 1895 this department was extended so as to employ female upholstresses, and all the clothing needed by the patients is now made by themselves: attached to the asylum are about 50 acres of land, the cultivation of which is intrusted to the patients, under direction, with very satisfactory results; Dr. William Harris F.R.C.S, superintendent; Dr. Arthur Sykes, assistant.

Heigham Hall, at North Heigham, is a private lunatic asylum for the treatment of patients belonging to the upper and middle classes; the house stands in about 12 acres of well-wooded grounds, and is licensed for 95 male and female patients; Mrs. Watson and Mr. Alfred Mottram are the licensees, and T. J. Compton esq. M.D. is the medical superintendent.

The Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, founded in 1770, was rebuilt in part on the old site in 1882, the first stone being laid by H.R.H, the Prince of Wales, 17th June, 1879; the building is of red brick with white stone dressings, in a modified form of the Queen Anne style, from designs by Messrs. E. Boardman and T. H. Wyatt, architects, of Norwich and London, and was erected at a total cost, including furnishing, of about £57,116: in is on the Pavilion system, the plan following the form of the letter H, the administrative block being in the centre, facing St. Stephen’s road: the out-patients’ department is entirely distinct, and has been formed in the old north-east wing, which has been further adapted for the purposes of the anatomical museum and nurses’ dormitories: in the rear is a chapel in the Gothic style: the new building was opened by T.R.H. the Duke and Duchess of Connaught, 20 Aug. 1883.

The Norwich Dispensary, Maddermarket, was founded in 1804, and during the year 1894 had 26,059 attendances, 6,142 of these involving consultations at the Dispensary; and 7,327 receiving visits from the medical staff.

The Jenny Lind Infirmary for Sick Children, in Pottergate street, was established 30th May, 1853. During the year 1895 there were 1,258 patients under treatment; 1,090 being out-patients and 166 in-patients; 79 operations were performed, and three deaths occurred.

The Norfolk and Norwich Eye Infirmary, in Pottergate street, was opened in 1822, and during the year 1895 there were 533 cases under treatment, 123 of these being in-patients; as compared with 631 in 1894, and 618 in 1890. The income for the year 1894—5 was £475, while the expenditure amounted to £521.

The Norwich Lying-in Charity is also in Pottergate street.

The Norwich Homoeopathic Dispensary is in St. Peter’s street; during the year 1895 there were about 2,000 patients.

The Norwich Friendly Societies’ Medical Institute, at Ivy house. Lady’s lane, was established in 1872.

The Girls’ Orphan Home is in Chapelfield, and there is also a training home for girls in West parade, under Government inspection.

St. Giles’, or the Great Hospital, Bishopsgate street, St. Helen’s, founded about 1250 by Bishop Walter de Suffield, was afterwards granted to the Corporation by Edward VI. as an almshouse, and endowed by Queen Elizabeth with the confiscated estates of George Redman: in 1558, Thomas Codd, mayor, bequeathed various tenements to the hospital, and it has since received many other benefactions: in 1826 and 1829 it was enlarged and now contains 93 aged men and 102 women, who are boarded and lodged: the income, amounting to about £7,000 a year, is derived from estates in the city and county and other sources; Mr. John Cox, master.

Doughty’s Hospital, in Calvert street, founded in 1687 by William Doughty, who bequeathed £6,000 for its erection and endowment, consists of buildings forming a quadrangle, with a garden in the centre, and will hold 24 poor men and 19 women, each of whom receives 5s. 6d. weekly, with coals, and every year a suit of purple: the hospital was thoroughly restored and some new buildings added in 1869.

Bethel Hospital, for the insane, in Bethel street, was erected in 1713 by Mrs. Mary Chapman, in accordance with the request of her deceased Irusband, the Rev. S. Chapman, sometime rector of Thorpe St. Andrew, near Norwich, and for its endowment she devised all her personal estate by will to seven trustees, giving to them the sole management of the hospital: the buildings have been much enlarged and improved from time to time, and will now hold 88 patients; in the committee room is a portrait of the foundress: the usual fee is 30s. weekly, but this charge is modified in special circumstances; the rooms are comfortably furnished, a liberal diet is allowed, and every attention is shown to patients. Divine service is held in the house every Sunday by the vicar of St. Peter’s, Mancroft.

The Girls’ Hospital, New Lakenham, for the maintenance, education and training for domestic service of between 30 and 40 girls, has an income of about £650 from estates and funded property.

The Magdalen Asylum or Female Home is at York villa, Chapel Field road, and there are a number of minor charities for distribution in money and kind.

Chapel Field, an ancient archery ground, was converted by the Corporation in 1880 into public pleasure gardens. In the centre is an elaborate iron pavilion, designed by the late Thomas Jeckyll esq. and exhibited at the Paris and Philadelphia Exhibitions. The Police and other bands perform here on various evenings during the season. A portion of the Chapel Field has been inclosed as a children’s playground; and another portion is occupied by the Volunteer Drill Hall, already mentioned.

There is a Public Recreation ground in Earlham road.

Mouseliold (anciently “Monkshold”) heath, 1 mile north of the city, and comprising an area of about 180 acres, has been acquired by the Corporation, and laid out as a recreation ground.

Carrow House is the seat of Jeremiah James Colman esq. D.L., J.P.

The following parishes are within the city of Norwich and the names of the inhabitants are given with Norwich.

The area of the city of Norwich is 7,558 acres; rateable value, £366,648, and the population in 1871 was 80,386; in 1881 was 87,842; and in 1891, 100,964, as follows: —

* Including 589 officers & inmates in the workhouse & 98 in Heigoam Hall Lunatic asylum,

+ Including 490 in the Cavalry barracks.

* Including 99 in H.M. Prison & 361 in the Britannia barracks.

+ Including 210 in the Norfolk & Norwich hospital.

The population of the ecclesiastical parishes in 1891 was: Christ Church, New Catton, 6,464; Holy Trinity, South Heigham, 9,507; St. Philip, Heigham, 5,437; St. Thomas, Heigham, 4,177; St. Mark, New Lakenham, 5,947; St. Matthew, Thorpe Hamlet, 5,277.

The population of the municipal wards in 1891 was:-No. 1, Conesford, 6,091; No. 2, Ber Street, 8,426; No. 3, Mancroft, 4,573; No. 4, Westwick, 6,852; No. 5, Coslany, 6,691; No. 6, Fye Bridge, 7,775; No. 7, Thorpe, 5,420; Lakenham, 5,450; No. 9, Town Close, 5,970; No. 10, Eaton, 6,971; No. 11, Nelson, 6,216; No. 12, Earlham, 5,712; No. 13, Heigham, 5,963; No. 14, Wensum, 6,224; No. 15, Catton, 7,016; and Mousehold, 5,620.

Petty Sessions are held at the Shire hall every Saturday at 11 a.m. The following places are included in the petty sessional division;-Attlebridge, Beeston, Catton, Crostwick, Drayton, Felthorpe, Frettenbam, Haynford, Hellesdon, Horsham, Horsford, Horstead, Rackheath, Salhouse, Spixworth, Sprowston, Taverham & Wroxham.

Military

Regimental District No. 9.

The Norfolk, comprising the 1st & 2nd Battalions (9th Foot) & the 1st & 2nd Norfolk Militia, being its 3rd & 4th Battalions.

Depot, Barracks, Mousehold Heath.

Commanding Regimental District, Col. G. S. Burton.

Surgeon-Major, A. Morphew.

Surgeon-Capt. R. Holyoake.

Station Pay Office, Britannia barracks, Mousehold.

Station Paymaster, Major H. H. Gilbert.

Norfolk Regiment (3rd Battalion) 1st Norfolk Militia; head quarters, Britannia barracks, Mousehold.

Norfolk Regiment (4th Battalion) 2nd Norfolk Militia; head quarters, Britannia barracks, Mousehold.

Volunteers

1st Norfolk Artillery (Eastern Division) Royal Artillery (2nd & 3rd position Batteries), Old Militia barracks, Upper Surrey street; Major P. E. Back, commanding.

1st Volunteer Battalion, Norfolk Regiment, comprising A, B, C, D, E & F companies, Drill hall, Chapelfield road.

4th Volunteer Battalion, Norfolk Regiment; head quarters. Silver road; Lieut.-Col. H. T. S. Patteson, commanding.

1st Cadet Battalion, Norfolk Regiment, comprising A, B & C Companies; Col. Sir Charles Harvey, commanding.

Police.

City.

Station, Market place.

Chief Constable, Robert Hitchman.

Chief Clerk, Henry Riches.

The force consists of 115 all told; viz.: 2 inspectors, 10 sergeants & 96 constables.

Norwich Incorporation

Board day, alternate Wednesdays.

The incorporation of Norwich comprises Norwich civil parish constituted by the “Norwich Corporation Act 1889.” The population in 1891 was 100,964; area 7,472 acres; rateable value in 1896 £336,648 10s.

Workhouse, Dereham road, Heigham, is a handsome red brick building, in the Tudor style, about 1 mile north of the city; it was completed in 1859 & 1860, & cost £33,000, & will hold 885 inmates; Rev. Samuel Smith M.A. chaplain; Cecil Jeffery Muriel L.R.C.P.Lond, medical officer.

Hospitals & Charitable Institutions

Asylum & School for the Blind, Magdalen street. The Right Rev. The Lord Bishop of Norwich, president; Rev. Canon Copeman, chairman; George C. Eaton esq. treasurer; G. F. Odhams M.B., C.M. hon. surgeon; J. B. Bridgman, hon. dentist; John Shave, supt. & sec.; Mrs. Shave, matron.

Bethel Hospital for Lunatics, Bethel street. Sir F. Bateman M.D., LL.D, consulting physician; James Fielding M.D. resident medical superintendent; Miss Ada C. Oxley, matron; F. Hornor, clerk.

District Visiting Society, 5 Market place, the Mayor for the time being, president; Barclay & Co. treasurers; A. R. Chamberlin, Rev. W. H. Cooke & K. F. Ladell, hon. secs.

Doughty’s Hospital, Calvert street.

Girls’ Orphan Home, Chapelfield, Miss Elizabeth Lloyd, matron.

Girls' Training Home, 14 West parade. Miss Kemp, matron Great.

Hospital, Bishopgate street, John Cox, master Homoeopathic Dispensary, St. Peter’s street, Eleizer Birch Roche & F. Layton Orr, hon. medical officers; W. T. Livock, sec.

Jenny Lind’s Infirmary for Sick Children, Pottergate street. Sir Peter Eade M.D. & Sir F. Bateman M.D., LL.D, consulting physicians.

Lying-in Charity, Pottergate street, Charles Evans Muriel, consulting accoucheur; Geo. Fredk. Odhams & H. Chester Nance, surgeon accoucheurs; Herbert Cross & G. Everett, assistant surgeon accoucheurs; H. H. Cole, hon. sec.; Mrs. Reynolds, matron.

Norfolk & Norwich Eye Infirmary, Pottergate street, Sir F. Bateman M.D., LL.D, consulting physician: Haynes Sparrow Robinson & Samuel Herbert Burton M.B., B.S. surgeons; C. Jeffery Muriel, assistant surgeon; William Heaver. sec.; Mrs. Rix, matron.

Norfolk & Norwich Hospital, St. Stephen’s road, Sir Peter Eade M.D. & Sir Frederic Bateman M.D., LL.D, consulting physicians; Samuel J. Barton M.D., M.Ch. & Fredk. W. Burton-Fanning M.B. physicians; Rev. W. Pelham Burn M. A. chaplain; Poole Gabbett, sec; H. P. Mallett, dispenser.

Norfolk & Norwich Magdalen or Female Home, York villa, Chapelfield road, Mrs. Sarah Rice, matron.

Norfolk & Norwich Staff of Nurses, 50 Bethel street. Miss Edith Watson, superintendent.

Norwich & Norfolk Charity for Clergymen’s Widows & Children, Rev. Canon Medley, treasurer; Walter Overbury, Upper King street, registrar; T. F. Wright, land steward, Bank street.

Norwich Dispensary, St. John’s, Maddermarket, Alex. R. Chamberlin, hon. sec.

Norwich Friendly Societies’ Medical Institute, Ivy house, Lady’s lane, F. G. H. Whitley & J. M. G. Bremner, medical officers; John Williment, sec.

Provident Society, Hy. Robt. Campling, superintendent, Soup Office yard, Fishgate street.

Provident Surgical Appliance Society (branch), 73 Prince of Wales’ road. Miss M. M. Luthmann, sec. pro tem.

Soldiers’ & Sailors’ Home (Miss Barton, lady sup.), 1 Tombland.

Wesley Deaconess Institute (branch), 28 Southwell road, Rev, R. W. Little, superintendent; Sister Elise Searle in charge.

Churches & Episcopal Chapels.

*** R. signifies Rectory; v. Vicarage.

All Saints, R. with St. Julians, Westlegate street; Rev. Edward Manley M.A. in charge; 11 a.m. & 3 p.m.

St. Andrew, v. Broad street; Rev. Arthur Charles Copeman M.B.; T. A. Cobbald, parish clerk; 8.30 & 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Thur. 11 a.m.; saints’ days, 10 a.m. Augustine, R. St. Augustine street; Rev. William Alex. Elder B.D.; Robert Pigg, parish clerk; 11 a.m. 3.15 & 7 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

St. Benedict, v. St. Benedict’s street; Rev. Tosiah Wedgwood; 11 a m. & 7 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

St. Clement’s, R. Colegate street; Right Rev. Wilfred B. Hornby D.D., Sunday, 8 & 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; daily 7.30 a.m. & 8 p.m.

St. Edmund, r. Fishgate street. Right Rev. Wilfrid B. Hornby D.D.; 8 p.m.

St. Etheldred, P.C. King street; Rev. Edward Burroughes Pearse M.A.; 8 & 11 a.m. & 7p.m.; week days, according to notice.

St. George’s, Colegate, v. Colegate street; Rev. William Cooke Matthews; Thos. Claxton, parish clerk; 10.45 a.m. & 7 p.m.; saints’ days, 11 a.m. & Wed. 8 p.m.

St. George Tombland, v. Tombland; Rev. Walter Francis Crewe; 8 & 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.

St. Giles, v. St. Giles street; Rev. J. A. Lloyd M.A.; A. J. Chambers, parish clerk; 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

St. Gregory, v. Pottergate street; Rev. William Armine Slipper M.A.; Frank T. G. Covell, parish clerk; 8 & 11 a.m. & 3.30 & 7 p.m.; Tue. 8 p.m. & Fri. 12 noon.

St. Helen, v. Bishopgate street; Rev. George Harris Cooke M.A.; 10.30 a.m. & 3 p.m.; Wed. & Fri. 12 noon.

St. James, v. with Pockthorpe, Cowgate street; Rev. Alfred Davies M.A.; R. G. Lane, parish clerk; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 3 p.m. (alternate Sun.) & 7 p.m.; Wed. & Fri. 10.15 a.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.; Fri. 7.30 p.m.

St. John Maddermarket, R. Maddermarket, Rev. Robert Alexander Hunter; W. Freeman, sexton; 8 & 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.; Fri. 11.30 a.m.; holy days, 7.45 a.m.

St. John the Baptist & All Saints, Lakenham; Rev. Alfred Pownall M.A.; 11 a.m. & 2.30 p.m.

St. John de Sepulchre, v. Ber street; Rev. George Nicholas Herbert M.A.; Wm. Debenham, parish clerk; 8 & 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.; saints’ days, holy com. 11 a.m.

St. John Timberhill, v. Ber street; Rev. Edward Ram Th. A.K.C.L.; James Fenn, parish clerk; 8 & 11.20 a.m. & 7 p.m.; daily, mattins 7 a.m.; holy com. 7.30 a.m. & 5 p.m.; Wed. & Fri. 8 p.m.

St. Julian, R. St. Julian’s alley, King st.; Rev. Edwd.Manley, M.A. in charge; Jn. Madgett, parish clerk; 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.

St. Laurence, R. St. Benedict’s street; Rev. Frederick John Moule M.A.; F. H. Malster, parish clerk; 8 & 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.; Fri. 12 noon.

St. Margaret, R. Upper Westwick street; Rev. Samuel Smith; Thomas W. Ward, parish clerk; 11 a.m. & 3.15 & 7 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

St. Martin-at-Oak, v. Oak street; Rev. Robert Middleton; 11 a.m. & 3 & 7 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

St. Martin-at-Palace, v. Palace plain; Rev. Samuel Cox; David Cryer, parish clerk; 8 & 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

St. Mary in the Marsh, v. St. Luke’s Chapel Close; Rev. John Ishmael Thomas B.A.; 6.30 p.m.

St. Mary the Virgin’s v. Coslany street; Frederick Britton, parish clerk; patron, Marquess Townshend; value £20; pop. 1,131.

St. Michael & All Angels’ or St. Michael-at-Coslany, R. Coslany street; Rev. Sydney Albert Dudley Suffling; Alfd. Lowe, parish clerk; patrons, Church Patronage Society; value £70; pop. 723; 11 a.m. & 3 & 7 p.m.

St. Michael-at-Plea, R. Queen street; Rev. Charles William Heathcote Baker B.A.; 8 & 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Tue. & Thur. 7.30; Wed. & Fri. 12.30 a.m.; Wed. Fri. & Sat. 6 p.m.

St. Michael-at-Thorn, v. Ber street; Rev. Wm. Frederic Creeny M.A., F.S.A.; Edwin Robins, sexton; 8 & 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.

St. Paul, v. St. Paul’s square; Rev. Michael Satterthwaite Jackson; James Saunders Strickland, parish clerk; 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.

St. Paul’s Mission Church, Magdalen road; served by the clergy of St. Paul’s; Sunday, 7 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

St. Peter Hungate, R. Elm hill; Rev. William Ballyman Hull M.A.; 8.15 & 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Fri. 8.15 p.m.

St. Peter Mancroft, v. Upper Market place; vicar, Rev. W. Pelham Burn M.A.; curates, Rev. Thomas S, Cogswell A.K.C. & Rev. Walter Breffit M.A.; Douro Potter, parish clerk; 8 & 11 a.m. & 3.30 & 7 p.m.; daily 8 a.m. & 5.30 p.m.; saints’ days 8 & 11 a.m. & 8 p.m.; Wed. & Fri. 12 noon.

St. Peter Permountergate, v. King street; Rev. Arthur Bayly Crosse M.A. vicar; Rev. A. C. Leech, curate; William Farrow, parish clerk; 8 & 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.

St. Saviour, v. Magdalen street; Rev. William Harris Cooke M.A.; Charles Curtis, parish clerk; 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.

St. Stephen, v. Rampant Horse street; Rev. F. C. Davies M.A.; 8 & 11 a.m. & 3 & 7 p.m.; daily, 8 a.m.

Christchurch, v. New Catton; Rev. Walter Samuel Wright M.A.; Robert Carman, parish clerk; 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Holy Trinity, South Heigham, R. Essex street; Rev. John Callis M.A.; John Hall Sheppard, parish clerk; 8 & 10.45 a.m. & 3 & 7 p.m.; Wed. 7.30p.m.; Fri. 11.30 a.m.

St. Andrew’s, v. Eaton; Rev. William Melville Pigot M.A.; Charles Chamberlain, parish clerk; 11 a.m. & 3 p.m.; 7 p.m. on second & last Sundays; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

St. Bartholomew, R. Heigham; Rev. David Witts Mountfield M.A. rector; Revs. H. J. Langley M.A., James Trevor Matchett B.A. & Marwood Paterson B.A. curates; James Ransome, parish clerk; 11 a.m. & 3.15 & 7 p.m.

St. Mark, v. New Lakenham; Rev. Pryor Buxton Whalley M.A.; John High, parish clerk; 8 & 11 a.m. & 3 & 7 p.m.; daity, 10 a.m. & 5 p.m.; Wed. & Fri. 11 a.m. & 8 p.m.

St. Mary, v. Earlham; Rev. Canon William Nottidge Ripley M.A.; Alfred Frederick Cook, parish clerk; 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.

St. Matthew, v. Thorpe Hamlet; Rev. Henry Boyden B.A.; J. Jay, parish clerk; 8, 9.45 & 11 a.m. & 3.45 & 7 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.; Fri. 12 noon during Lent.

St. Philip, Heigham, v. Heigham road; Rev. Alan Gwyn Blyth M.A. vicar; Rev. Thomas Edward Charlton, curate; D. Cullum, parish clerk; 10.45 a.m. & 3.30 & 7 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

St. Thomas, Heigham, Earlham road; Rev. Charles William Claridge; 8 & 10.45 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

Christ Church, Eaton; 11 a.m. & 3.30 & 7 p.m.; 7.30 p.m. alternate Wed.

St. John the Baptist (Catholic), Unthanks road; Very Rev. Canon Richard Duckett D.D.; Rev. Francis Byrne, Rev. Charles Eeles & Rev. Henry O’Connor, priests; mass, 8.30 & 11 a.m.; vespers & benediction, 7 p.m.; daily, 7.30 & 9 a.m.; Wed. benediction 8 p.m.

St. John’s Catholic Church, Fishgate street; served from St. John the Baptist; mass daily, 7.30 a.m.; Sunday 9.45 a.m.; confession & benediction, 3 p.m.

Friends’ Meeting House, Upper Goat lane; 10.45 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m; seats 400.

Jews’ Synagogue, Synagogue st. Rev. Simon Joseph. Trinity Presbyterian Church, Theatre st. Rev. Wm. Alex. MacAllan; 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m; seats 650.

Tabernacle (Countess of Huntingdon), Bishopsgate st. 10.30a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m; seats 1,000.

Swedenborgian, Park lane, Rev. James Spilling, minister; 10.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

Catholic Apostolic, Queen st. Rev. Thomas Hawken; 9.55 a.m. & 4.45 p.m.; tues, Thur. & Sat. 4.55 p.m. & Wed. & Fri. 10 a.m; seats 180.

Baptist

Colegate street, Rev. William Ruthven; 10.45 a.m. & 6.45 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m; seats 800.

Gildencroft, Rev. Thomas Bullamore; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

St. Mary’s plain (St. Mary’s), Rev. John H. Shakespeare M.A.; 10.45 a.m. & 6.45 p.m.; Mon. 7.30 p.m.

Sayers street, Heigham (Mission), 7.30 p.m.

Surrey road (Ebenezer), Rev. Robert Grove Govett M.A.; 10.45 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Tue. 7.30 & Thur. & Sat. 7.45 p.m; seats 1,300.

Timberhill street. Rev. Wm. Gill; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m; Mon. & Thur. 8 p.m; seats 600.

Unthanks road. Rev. Harry Youlden; 10.45 a.m. & 6.45 p.m.; Mon. 7.45 p.m; seats 650.

Congregational

Chapelfield, Rev. John Holden M.A.; 10.45 a.m. & 6.45 p.m.; Mon. 7.30 p.m; seats 900.

Magdalen road. Rev. Walter David Hayward, minister; 11 a.m. 3 & 6.45 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

Princes street, Rev. George Slatyer Barrett D.D.; 10.45 a.m. 3 & 6.45 p.m; Mon. 7.30 p.m; seats 1,100.

Old Meeting House, Colegate street, Rev. John Lewis; 10.45 a.m. & 6.45 p.m.; Wed. 7.45 p.m; seats 500.

Plymouth Brethren.

Princes street, 11 a.m. & 7 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.

Seats.

Redwell street, 10.30 a.m. & 6.45 p.m.; Wed. 7.45 p.m.

Timberhill street, 6.45 p.m.; Wed. 7.45 p.m.

Wensum street, 11 a.m. & 3 & 7 p.m.; Tue. & Thur. 8 p.m.

Primitive Methodist.

Cowgate street, Rev. Henry Rose; 10.30 a.m. 3 & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7.30 p.m; seats 200.

Dereham road, Rev. Samuel Smith; 10.30 a.m. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Ethel road, Thorpe Hamlet, 10.30 a.m. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.

Nelson street. North Heigham, Rev. Samuel Smith; 10.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m; seats 250.

Queen’s road, Rev. Francis Coates France; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m; seats 750.

Unitarian

Colegate street, Rev. Edgar Daphlan; 11 a.m. & 6.45 p.m; seats 500

United Methodist Free Church

Calvert street, Rev. Alfred Jones & Rev. C. H. Buxton; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. 8 p.m. & sat 8 p.m.; seats 900

Chapelfield road. Rev. Alfred Jones & Rev. C. H. Buxton; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m; seats 700

Wesleyan.

Ber street, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m. Mon. & Wed. 7.30 p.m; seats 400.

Lady’s lane, 10.45a.m. & 6.45 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m; seats 900.

Park lane, 10.45 a.m. & 6.45 p.m.; Wed. 8 p.m.; seats 400.

Wesleyan Reform.

Belvoir street. Rev. George E. Stone; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m; seats 500.

Salvation Army Citadel, St. Giles street; seats 1,500.

MISSION ROOMS

Christ Church, Melrose road.

Christadelphians, 41 Exchange street.

City, Cowgate street.

City Hall Gospel Band Mission, Sun. 11 a.m. & 3 & 7 p.m.

Friends’ Class & Mission Room, 24 Pottergate street.

Gildencroft Meeting House, St. Martin’s lane.

Gospel, Dereham road, 11 a.m. 3 & 7 p.m.; Tue. & Thur. 8 p.m.

Holy Trinity, Union street.

Coburg street Derby street.

Elm hill, 7 p.m.; Mon. 8 p.m.

Philadelphia lane. New Catton.

Russell street, North Heigham, 10.45 a.m. & 2.30 p.m.; Thur. 8 p.m.

St. John-de-Sepulchre, Queen’s road.

St. Margaret with St. Swithin, Ten Bell lane.

St. Mark’s, Trafalgar street.

St. Mary’s, Pottergate st.; Sunday 7 p.m.; Wed. 7.45 p.m.

St. Matthew’s, Plumstead road.

St. Miles’, St. Miles’ Church alley.

St. Thomas, Earlham road.

South Heigham, Parochial Hall, Essex street.

Southwell road. Chapel street, New Lakenham.

Stump Cross, Botolph street; 11 a.m. & 3 & 7 p.m.

Suffolk street, South Heigham.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS

King Edward the Sixth’s Grammar School, situated west of the cathedral, was founded in 1547, & at first governed by the mayor & aldermen of the city: by a decree of the Court of Chancery in 1858, the school was placed under the management of 16 trustees or governors, but in 1886 a new scheme for the administration of the school was framed by Hie Charity Commissioners under the provisions of the Endowed Schools Acts: it is now managed by a body of governors, of which the Rev. Canon Heaviside is now chairman; the foundation is divided into a “Grammar” & “Middle” school, with entirely distinct school buildings & masters: the school-room was formerly the chapel of a college of Carnary priests, founded by Bishop Salmon (1299—1305), & consists of four bays, lighted by large traceried windows; below is a crypt, with circular cusped openings as windows, & now used as a gymnasium; on the north are dormitories, a dining hall, class rooms, science school, library & baths: attached to the Grammar school are two Parker exhibitions of £24 & £18 a year respectively & tenable at Corpus Christi college, Cambridge; there is also an annual leaving exhibition of £30, tenable at the universities, or at such other place of education as may be approved by the governors: numerous prizes are provided from the endowments, or presented by benefactors & are awarded yearly at Midsummer; at the Grammar school many distinguished persons received their education & amongst others, Archbishops Parker & Tenison, the late Sir James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak, & the illustrious hero, Horatio Viscount Nelson, to whose memory a statue has been placed in the Upper close, facing the portico of the school; there are about 95 boys.

The Middle School, in Bridge street, was reorganized in 1862 by the Master of the Rolls, & has about 250 boys.

The Norwich & Ely Diocesan Training College for schoolmistresses was originally founded in 1839, & from 1853 to 1892 was carried on in buildings in St. George’s plain. The present extensive structure, erected in 1892 on the Earlham road, is of red brick in a plain domestic style, from designs by Messrs. Oliver & Leeson, architects, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, & cost, including the adjacent practising schools, erected at a cost of £2,200, for girls & infants, £14,000, the site of if acres having been presented by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, & an additional ¼ acre has been provided for future extension. It is intended for the reception of 63 students besides the resident staff of lecturers & servants, & comprises on the ground floor, principal’s room, lady superintendent’s room, headmistress’s room, library & school hall, students’ dining room, kitchens & offices: on the north-east is the Infirmary block, the lower floor of which is assigned to the servants: on the north-west is the students’ examining room, & the remaining floors comprise sitting rooms & dormitories. Adjoining the south front is a recreation ground & tennis lawns. The institution is supported by grants from the Committee of Council on Education & voluntary subscriptions. The Lord Bishop of Norwich, visitor; the Very Rev. the Dean of Norwich, chairman of committee; the Archdeacon of Norfolk, vice-chairman; Rev. Canon W. N. Ripley, treasurer; Rev. J. A. Hannah, principal & chaplain; Miss Cunnington, lady superintendent; Miss West, head governess.

The City of Norwich Technical School is in Bethel street, but the cookery classes are conducted at the Norwich School of Cookery, St. George’s plain, & the evening science & art classes at Duke street Higher Grade School, The subjects of instruction include, in the day department, manual training (wood-work) for elementary school teachers & boys from elementary schools, & wood-carving for females; & in the evening department trade classes are held for instruction in carpentry & joinery, plumbing, & boot & shoe making; women’s classes for machining, dressmaking & cookery, & recreative classes in senior & junior divisions, for wood-work, wood-carving & iron-work, & instruction is also given to teachers in cardboard modelling; scholarships open to students of both sexes, & other scholarships offered to the board and voluntary schools of the city are awarded on the results of examinations, or the position & proficiency of scholars in their respective schools, & there are also art scholarships, awarded by examination, & artizan scholarships, offered to mechanics on the nomination of their employer or foreman, & consisting of remittance of fees in attending particular classes. During the session 1894—5 the classes for manual training were attended by 31 teachers & 407 boys, & 8 females were taught wood-carving; in the evening department there were 71 students in the trade classes, 150 in the women’s department, & 49 seniors & no juniors in the recreative classes, & 220 teachers were instructed in cardboard modelling.

Presbyterian Higher Grade School (endowed), Calvert street, for 145 boys; average attendance, 98.

The Dean & Chapter’s Choir School, The Close, occupies the angle between the nave of the cathedral & the western buildings of the cloister.

Government School of Science & Art, St. Andrew’s Broad st. Walter Scott, headmaster.

The Blind Asylum & Schools in Magdalen street was founded in 1804 in premises presented for that purpose by Thos. Tawell esq, & at first limited to the reception of the indigent blind of the city of Norwich & county of Norfolk, but in 1808 the institution was opened to the whole kingdom; new premises were erected in 1889—90, in the Jacobean Renaissance style, from designs by Mr. E. Boardman, architect, on the site of the old building, at a cost of about £6,000, of which amount £2,500 was bequeathed by the late Miss Watson; the school has been certified under the “Education (Blind, Deaf & Dumb) Act, 1893,” & at the close of the year 1893 there were in the asylum or on the books 54 inmates.

British (Colman’s), Carrow hill, erected in 1864, for 279 boys, 176 girls & 135 infants; average attendance, 263 boys, 196 girls & 147 infants.

Hospital (girls), Waterworks lane. New Lakenham, for 38 children; average attendance, 34.

Norman’s Endowed School, Cowgate street, founded by Alderman Norman in 1723 for the sons of persons related to himself or his first wife, & endowed with over £1,000 a year, provides for the education of 90 scholars of the founder’s kin, & each foundation scholar, in addition to a free commercial education, receives a payment of £8 yearly, an apprentice fee of £15 at the age of 14, & at the age of 22 a gift of £10 to commence business with, but owing to agricultural depression the income has considerably diminished, & it is now (1896) proposed that the £10 gift shall cease after those now entitled to it have been paid; the present school was erected in 1839, for 99 boys; average attendance, 80.

Convent of the Sisters of Notre Dame, 48 Surrey road, Norwich.

School Board

Offices, Castle chambers, Opie street; office hours, 9 to 5; sat 9 to 1.

The board was formed 4 November, 1871, &, consists of 13 members. Board meetings are held on the first Friday in each month at 5 p.m. at the Council chamber, Guildhall.

Treasurer, Samuel Gurney Buxton.

Clerk, Sydney Cozens-Hardy LL.B. Castle chambers, Opie st.

Assistant Clerk, Arthur W. Padgett.

Chief Attendance & Industrial Schools Officer, Jonathan Scott.

School Attendance Officers, George Dewing, 6 St. Mary’s road; Robert Reeve, 63 Lindley street; Arthur Williams, 116 Hall road; Richard Spratt, 125 Cambridge street & Charles Sales, 32 Sussex street.

Board Schools

National Schools

Model, Princes street (boys), built in 1841, for 284 boys; average attendance, 313.

Model, St. Andrew’s street (girls), built for 260 girls; average attendance, 221.

St. Bartholomew, Dereham road (girls & infants), erected in 1848, for 211 girls; average attendance, 150; & for 200 infants; average attendance, 149.

St. Bartholomew, Heigham, Derby street (boys), built for 163 boys; average attendance, 105.

St. Giles’ (girls), Chapelfield, erected in 1863, for 158 girls; average attendance, 152.

St. Giles’ (infants), Wellington lane, erected in 1862, for 147 children; average attendance, 128.

St. John De Sepulchre (mixed & infante), Mariners’ lane, erected in 1862, enlarged in 1891 for 310 children, including 80 infants; average attendance, mixed 164 & 89 infants.

St. Mark’s, Hall lane, Lakenham, built for 226 boys, 178 girls & 238 infants; average attendance, 278 boys, 196 girls, & 311 infants.

St. Martin-at-Palace (mixed), Bishopgate street, built for 135 children; average attendance, 130.

St. Miles’ (girls & infants), Oak street, erected in 1872, for 232 girls & 232 infants; average attendance, 167 girls & 200 infants.

St. Peter Mancroft (boys), Chapelfield, erected in 1876, for 185 boys; average attendance, 152.

St. Peter Permountergate (mixed, & infants’ school added in 1892), King street, erected in 1865, for 170 children; infants 82; average attendance, 169 mixed & 93 infants.

St. Philip, Paragon street, erected in 1872, for 147 boys, 152 girls & 158 infants; average attendance, 154 boys, 161 girls & 130 infants.

St. Saviour (infants), Peacock street, built for 317 infants; average attendance, 293.

St. Stephen (girls & infants). Crook’s place, erected in 1857, for 201 children; average attendance, 146.

Earlham (mixed), Lower Hellesdon road, built for 98 children; average attendance, 36.

Eaton (mixed), Eaton hill, for 138 children; average attendance, 114.

British (Octagon) (girls & infants), Calvert street, built for 199 girls & 135 infants; average attendance, 144 girls & 130 infants.

Catholic, Willow lane, formerly the church of the Holy Apostles, but recently (1896) adapted to its present use, & holding 550 children.