The city of York, as it now stands, is nearly two miles and three quarters in circuit. The entrance into the city are by four principal gates or bars, and five posterns. The gates are, Micklegate-Bar to the southwest, the entrance from Tadcaster; Bootham-Bar on the northwest, on the road leading to Newcastle and Edinburgh; Monk-Bar, the entrance from Malton and Scarborough; and Walmgate-Bar on the southeast, the road to Beverley and Hull. The posterns are North-street postern, Skeldergate postern, Castlegate postern, Fishergate postern, Laythorp postern, Castlegate and Long-Walk postern. There are also six bridges, viz.Ouse-bridge, consisting of five arches, the middlemost of which is eighty-one feet in the span, and seventeen feet high; Castlegate-bridge, of one arch; Foss-bridge, of two arches; Laythorp-bridge of five arches; Monk-bridge of three arches; and the new bridge in the Long-Walk, of one arch. Of all these, the first alone is over the Ouse; all the others are over the Foss. Monk-bridge is in the suburbs at a distance of nearly a quarter of a mile from the bar and the walls of the city.

Of the four great gates of the city, Micklegate-Bar is the most magnificent; it is adorned with lofty turrets, and finely embattled: over the Roman arch, hangs a large shield, bearing the arms of England and France, painted and gilt, and on each side one of a less size, decorated with the arms of the city. Bootham-Bar, is a very ancient structure, being built almost wholly of grit; but though the materials are Roman, the architecture is old English. In 1719, the inside of the gate was rebuilt with freestone. Monk-Bar is a handsome gate, with a great quantity of grit-stones in its foundation. The arms of France are quartered with those of England on the battlements. Walmgate-Bar has a more modern appearance than the others, having undergone a thorough repair in 1648, after having been nearly demolished by the parliamentary forces.

York is divided into four districts or wards, which take their names from the four gates of the city. On entering the city by Micklegate-Bar, the first object that strikes the eye, is an ancient gateway on the right side of the street. This was the portal to the Priory of the Holy Trinity, which occupied within its precincts a large extent of ground, now called Trinity-gardens. Behind these gardens, within a hundred yards of the Ouse, is the Vetus Ballium, or Old Baile, implying a prison, a keep, or place of security, a word of Norman origin, given after the Conquest.

The city, of York has been much improved during the late reign. The streets have been widened in many places, by taking down a number of old houses, built in such a manner as almost to meet at the upper stories. They have also been newly paved, and additional drains made. The erection of the locks upon the Ouse, about four miles below the city, has been a great advantage to it, for before this, the river was frequently very low, leaving quantities of sludge and dirt in the very heart of the place, also the filth and mud of the common sewers, which it was unable to wash away.

York castle and the County-hall are grand and conspicuous buildings, near the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss. The area within the castle walls is 1100 yards in circumference, in which all the debtors are allowed to walk. The present noble structure was erected in 1701, after the ruinous towers of the Conqueror were taken down. The prison in the right wing reflects honour to the country, on account of the capaciousness and convenience of the apartments. In the left wing is a handsome convenient chapel. The day-room for men is 26 feet by 8; the celis in general are about seven feet and a half by six and a half and upwards. Six solitary cells are seldom made use of. The women felons are confined in the New Buildings opposite the county-hall; they have two courtyards, and a day and night room. Clifford’s Tower is situated near the castle, on a high artificial mound, generally thought to be of Roman origin, and consisting of four circles of segments joined together. The tower raised upon this eminence was built by William the Conqueror about 1068; and according to tradition, one of that family was its first governor. It was formerly defended by a deep moat, a drawbridge, and palisades. In process of time it fell to decay, but during the Civil Wars it was fortified for the king, and after the surrender of York, the parliament placed a garrison in it; but in 1684, about ten at night, it was totally ruined by a fire, by no means supposed to have been accidental. In a part of the building which has been repaired, a clergyman’s widow lately resided, who politely allowed her servant to show the ruin to strangers. The sides of the artificial mount on which it stands are planted with trees and shrubs, and the moat so completely filled up, that the entire space, about three acres, forms a garden.

The Cathedral.—In order to take an external view of the whole pile, you must commence at the western front. The two uniform towers, 196 feet in height, diminishing as they ascend in ten several contractions, all cloistered, for imagery, displays a richness and grandeur of design rarely equalled. They are each adorned with eight pinnacles at the top. In the south tower are ten bells, allowed to form one of the finest peals in the kingdom; the tenor weighing 53 cwt. in the grand key of C. Above the great doorway sits. Archbishop William de Melton, the principal founder of this part of the church; and below, on the sides of the double doors, are the figures of Vavasour and Percy. Over the arch is carved in fine tracery work, the story of Adam and Eve, with their expulsion from Paradise. The visitor will be highly pleased to notice the repairs which the whole of this part has lately undergone, through the correct taste and liberality of the present dean and chapter, whose active zeal for the preservation of this noble pile is inferior to none of their predecessors.

Proceeding southward, six tall pinnacles are observed, intended for buttresses to the upper part of the nave. The images in the niches are those of the four Evangelists, Jesus Christ, and Archbishop St. William. The south entrance is ascended by a handsome flight of steps, and a little spiral turret called the Fidler’s Turret, is placed on the summit of this end. The circular, or marygold window, sometimes called St. Catherine’s Wheel, has also a very rich appearance. The grand Lantern Tower will here attract the eye. The most convenient station for a general view of the south side is near the entrance to the deanery; and the new library is the best for a good prospect of the north of the cathedral. Having passed the grand Lantern Tower, the massy buttresses ornamented with various figures, pinnacles, &c. will arrest the attention. A little further brings the visitor to the east end, over the magnificent window of which the statue of Archbishop Thoresby is placed, in his archiepiscopal chair, having in his left hand the representation of a church, and seeming to point to this window with his right. At the basis of this are seventeen heads, the centre one designed to represent the Saviour; statues of Percy and Vavasour are again seen at this end; but passing on the north, the chapter-house presents itself, which with its ponderous buttresses, &c. merits a particular examination.

The interior of the cathedral is, in every respect, answerable to the magnificence of its exterior. The cross aisle displays a superb specimen. The circular arch, not quite laid aside in Henry the Third’s time, still appears in the upper part, enclosing others of a pointed form. The pillars that support the larger arches are of an angular shape, and all the columns have rich leafy capitals. The windows are long, narrow, and pointed, consisting of one light, or divided into several by unramified mullions. The windows in the south end are arranged in three tiers; the uppermost composed of two concentric circles of small arches, is looked upon as a fine piece of masonry. In these windows are the representations of Archbishop St. William, St. Peter, St. Paul, and St. Wilfrid; but the four figures of Abraham, Solomon, Moses, and Peter, in the lower tier, are the work of a native artist, Mr. Peckitt. The north and south transepts display the same style of architecture; but in the lowermost tier of lights, one window of exquisite beauty is divided into five, separated by stone mullions concealed from the eye, placed at a distance by clusters of elegant shafts, attached at intervals, and supporting arches richly ornamented with a kind of chevron work, a relic of the Saxon style.

From the western entrance of the Cathedral perhaps imagination can scarcely conceive a vista of greater magnificence. The screen dividing the nave from the choir, rises just high enough to form a support for the organ, and does not intercept the view of the eastern end of the church with its columns, its arches, and its most superb window. The pillars and shafts of the nave are not detached, as in the transepts, but form a part of the columns that support the arches of the side aisle. The vaulting of the roof does not spring here from slender pillars, and flowery corbels placed above the capitals of the clustered columns, but upon tall and elegant pillars rising from the ground, and attached to these columns. Tracery of the richest kind appears in these windows, particularly in the western front, which, when illumined by the declining rays of the setting sun, displays a grandeur beyond description. The figures of the first eight Archhishops decorate the lowermost compartment, and above are represented eight Saints. Under the window on each side of the great door are placed two escutcheons, one bearing the arms of a King of England, one of the Edwards, the other supposed to be that of the Saxon Prince Ulphus. The upper windows are elegantly adorned with imagery and escutcheons. Under these runs an open gallery, in which, exactly over the point of the arches, formerly stood images of the tutelar saints of the several nations of Christendom. That of St. George and his dragon, alone remain. The screen, separating the nave from the choir, is now ornamented with the effigies of all the monarchs of England, from William the Norman to Henry V. inclusive. Throughout the whole of the choir a greater profusion of ornament abounds than in any other part; approaching to the high florid style that prevailed before the end of the fifteenth century. The windows shed their richly varied light through numerous figures of kings, prelates, saints, escutcheons, and historical representations; those of the small transepts are remarkable for their height and elegance, reaching almost to the roof. But the eastern window is perhaps unrivalled in the world for magnitude, beauty, and magnificence. This was begun at the expense of the dean and chapter in 1405, who employed John Thornton, a glazier of Coventry, who contracted for this labour at the rate of 4s. per week, to be finished in the space of three years. Another painted window, originally brought from the church of St. Nicholas at Rouen in Normandy, was presented to the dean and chapter by the Earl of Carlisle in the year 1804. The subject is the meeting of the Virgin with Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist. The countenances of these figures may be French, but it is evident they are not Jewish.

Among the more ancient of the tombs, that of Archbishop Scrope merits particular notice; but neither this, nor those of Archbishops Rogers and Savage, display much ornament. The monument of Archbishop Greenfield, however, is a fine piece of architecture, enriched with tracery and pinnacles, and supported by arches and buttresses. In the south transept is the tomb of its founder, Archbishop Walter de Grey, consisting of his effigy at full length in his pontifical robes, under a high ornamented canopy, supported by eight slender pillars. The railing, which now surrounds this tomb, was put up at the expense of the late Archbishop, Dr. Markham. Among the rest of the tombs, that of Archbishop Henry Bowett, who died 1423, is worthy of notice, being about 30 feet high. The monuments of laymen here bear no proportion to those of the clergy: that to the memory of Charles Howard, Earl of Carlisle, in the reign of Charles II. is of marble, and of modern construction. The monuments of the Earls of Strafford and that of the Hon. Thomas Watson Wentworth, son of Edward Lord Rockingham, are elegant pieces of sepulchral architecture, but that of Sir George Saville claims the regard of all who can appreciate extensive benevolence, and a disinterested love of country.

In concluding this sketch of the Cathedral of York, it may not be amiss to observe, that it is so surrounded with houses, that it is difficult, or even impossible to find a station from whence a full and distinct view of it can be taken. The level situation of the country, also, renders the prospect from the tops of the steeples somewhat un-picturesque. The edges of the Wolds, and of Hamilton Moors, distinctly seen to the east and the north, give some variety to the prospect; and on the south, at the distance of fifteen miles, the spire of Selby, and Hamilton Haugh, covered with trees, in the middle of an extensive plain, are conspicuous objects. However, the author of a recent description thinks that the best station for a visitor to take a general survey around, will be underneath the central tower, or lantern steeple, the loftiest part of the edifice, where the various enrichments of sculpture, observed in the statuary screen, the rich tracery and painting in the windows, and the numerous clusters of columns in the different aisles, all combine to shew a scene of splendour and solemnity, which probably no other cathedral but this of York can boast.

The cathedral service at present consists of morning prayers daily at seven, in a small vestry neatly fitted up with pews, on the right of the south entrance, in which also the Ecclesiastical courts are held. At ten o’clock the daily service is performed in the choir.

An anthem is always sung, unless there be a sermon or litany. On Sundays and holy days a sermon is preached. The communion is administered every Sunday. In the afternoon at four, cathedral service is again performed, with an anthem, throughout the year. There are evening prayers on every week day, at three in winter, and four in summer, in which an anthem is performed.

N.B. On Wednesdays and Fridays in Advent and Lent, and during the six days before Easter, there is no choral service or singing, either morning or evening. For the convenience of Sunday evening service, the choir is illuminated from St. Luke’s Day till Candlemas, by seven large branches, besides a small wax candle to every two stalls. On particular holy days the four principal dignitaries have each a branch of seven candles placed before them at their respective stalls.

In the old pavement of the church, were an almost innumerable quantity of grave stones, many of which formerly shone like embroidery, being enriched with the images, &c. in brass, of bishops, and other ecclesiastics, represented in their proper habits, of which the gravestone of Archdeacon Dalby was a striking instance. These stones had also monumental inscriptions upon them. But what was thought the most durable by our forefathers, for this purpose, by an unaccountable turn of fate proved the very occasion of destruction by the fanaticism of their sons.

For some time after the Reformation, this hairbrained zeal continued to shew itself against painted glass, stone statues, and gravestones, many of which were defaced and utterly destroyed, along with other more valuable monuments of the church, till Queen Elizabeth put a stop to those most scandalous doings by a proclamation.

During the Civil Wars in the time of Charles I. and the usurpation, our zealots again began their depredations on gravestones, and stripped and pillaged them to the minutest piece of metal. It has been urged that their hatred to popery was so great, that they could not endure to see an Orate pro Anima, or even a cross on a monument, without defacing it. But it is plain that it was more the value of the brass, than zeal which tempted these persons; for there was no gravestone which had an inscription cut into it, that was defaced throughout the whole church.

In the old pavement of the church were a number of circles, which ranged from the west end up the middle aisle, on each side and in the centre. They were about forty-four on a side, about two feet distance from one another, and as much in diameter. Those in the midst were fewer in number, larger, and exactly fronted the entrance of the great west door, that circle nearest the entrance in this row being the largest of all. We take all these to have been drawn out for the ecclesiastics and dignitaries of the church to stand in, habited according to their proper distinctions, to receive an archbishop for installation, or on any other solemn occasion. The dean, and the other great dignitaries, we presume, possessed the middle space, whilst the prebendaries, vicars, sacrists, priests at altars, &c. belonging to the arch, ranged on each side; and all together, when clad in their proper copes and vestments, must have made a glorious appearance: from whence, we take it, this aisle was called the Processional Aisle. The service choir is still adorned with its ancient woodwork, carved and set up with clusters of knotted pinnacles of different heights; in which are a great number of small cells, which have had images of wood in them for greater decoration. Under these are the stalls for the canons, &c. beginning with the dean’s stall on the right, and the precentor’s on the left hand, each stall being assigned to a particular dignitary by a written label over it. The four seats next the pulpit are now possessed by the four archdeacons of the diocese, though formerly the lord-mayor and aldermen sat on that side; the rest of the seats, for vicars and choristers, are as usual in other cathedrals. The The eagle of brass, from which the lessons are read, was the gift of Thomas Cracraft, D.D.

The ascent from the body of the church, through the choir to the altar, is by a gradation of fifteen steps. The altar received a considerable improvement, as to its situation, in the year 1726, and the whole church in its beauty, by taking away a large wooden screen, which almost obstructed the view of the east window.

The most remarkable Chapels were three at the east end of the church; that of St. Stephen's to the north, All-Saints to the south, and betwixt them was the famous chapel of St. Mary, made by Archbishop Thoresby; which last, says Stubbs, that prelate, as a true respecter of the Virgin Mother of God, adorned with wonderful sculpture and painting. At the Reformation this chapel, without any regard to the founder of this part of the cathedral, was torn in pieces and destroyed. Our northern antiquary, the late Mr. Thoresby, got a large piece of the carved work, which he says was preserved by somebody in a neighbouring house to the church, being inclosed betwixt two walls. This had a place in his Museum as a great curiosity, both in regard of the excellence of the sculpture, and the respect he paid to the memory of the Archbishop his ancestor. His regret for the destruction of this curious chapel makes him break out with the psalmist: "A man was famous according as he had lifted up his axes upon the thick trees; but now they break down the carved work thereof with axes and hammers."

Besides the Cathedral, York contains twenty-one parish churches within the walls, and three in the suburbs; but only a small number of these are worthy of notice, viz. The church of All Saints, St. Mary’s in Castlegate, All Hallows on the Pavement, St. Dennis on the south of Walingate, and that of St. Margaret, on the north side, the latter for its singular porch, curiously adorned with the signs of the Zodiac, and a variety of other hieroglyphics.

But among all the religious edifices in the city and suburbs of York, the ruined Abbey of St. Mary, next to the Cathedral Church of St. Peter, merits the greatest attention. It was situated just without Bootham Bar, upon an area three quarters of a mile in circuit. This abbey, totally destroyed by fire in the reign of King Stephen, was begun to be rebuilt in 1270, under the direction of Simon de Warwick, and this is the identical fabric of which we see the remains at this day.

The Abbot here was mitred, and had a seat in parliament: his retinue was little inferior to that of the Archbishop; and when the barons of Yorkshire were summoned to the wars, he sent a man to bear the standard of St. Mary, in the King’s army.

Of this once magnificent structure, there is now left standing only a small part of the Abbey Church, or cloisters, 371 feet in length, and sixty in breadth. Some spacious stone vaults also remain: in a word, this venerable monument of ancient times "Looks great in ruin, noble in decay." At present, the greatest part of the large enclosure is a pasture, and garden-ground; but such parts as are tenantable, are let to different persons; and some of the principal apartments are occupied as a boarding-school for ladies.Stolen from Fore-bears

The Chapter-House is a fine specimen of Gothic architecture. There is some difficulty in ascertaining the time of erecting this magnificent structure, the remaining records of the church bearing no account thereof. Stubbs, who is particular enough in his memoirs of the rest of the buildings, entirely omits this.

By the style of the architecture, it appears to be as ancient as any part of the church, and exactly corresponds with that part of the fabric begun and finished by Walter Grey. And, indeed, if we may be allowed to guess at the founder, that eminent prelate stands the fairest of any in the succession for it.

The pillars which surround the dome are of the same kind of marble as those which support his tomb. But what seems to put the matter out of dispute, is the picture of an archbishop, betwixt those of a king and a queen, over the entrance, which, by having a serpent under his feet, into the mouth of which his crazier enters, exactly corresponds with the like representation of Walter Grey on his monument.

The whole pile is an octagon of sixty-three feet diameter; the height of it, to the middle knot of the roof, is sixty-seven feet, ten inches, unsupported by any pillar, and entirely dependent upon one pin, or plug, geometrically placed in the centre. The outside, however, is strongly supported by eight buttresses. The whole roof has been richly painted with the effigies of kings, bishops, &c. and large silver knots of carved wood, at the uniting of the timbers, all which are much defaced and sullied by time. Over this is a spire of timber work, covered with lead, excellent in its kind.

The entrance from the church to this noble room is in the form of a mason’s square. Against the pillar, betwixt the two doors, stands an image of stone of the Virgin, with our Saviour in her arms, trampling on the serpent. The image, with the drapery, is somewhat elegant, and has been all richly gilt, but it bears a mark of those times which made even stone statues feel their malice. At your entrance into the house the first things you observe are the canons’ seats, placed quite round the dome, which are all arched over, every arch being supported by small marble pillars, which are set at a due distance round, and separate the stalls. Over these arches, which are built like canopies, runs a gallery about the house, but so exquisitely carved, and has been so richly gilt and painted, as to be above description. The chapters of capitals of the aforesaid small pillars have such a variety of carved fancies upon them, alluding in some places to the ridicule the regular clergy were always fond of expressing against the seculars; in others to history, with strange conceits of the over-witty workmen of that age, that it is impossible to which stall to give the preference. Here you have antic postures both of men and beasts in abundance; over one is a man cut out half way, as if he was thrusting and striving to get through a window or some narrow passage. On others are faces with different aspects, some crying, some laughing, some distorted and grinning; but above all, and what is never omitted to be shewn to strangers by the vergers, is the figure of an old bald-pated friar, hugging and kissing a young nun, very amorously, in a corner; and round the capitals of the adjoining pillars are several faces of other nuns, as well old as young, peeping, laughing, and sneering, at the wanton dalliance of the old letcher. In other places you have a friar shoeing a goose, greasing a fat sow in the &c.

The eight squares of the octagon, have each a noble light window in them, adorned with coats of arms, penances, and other devices, except one square, which is joined to the other building over the entrance; and this has been painted with the representations of saints, kings, bishops, &c. The three figures in the midst we take to be Archbishop Walter Grey, standing between Henry III. and his queen. At the base of this square were placed the images of the twelve Apostles, with that of the Virgin, and the child Jesus, in the midst of them. Tradition assures us, that these images were all solid silver, double gilt. The Apostles were about a foot high, but that of the Virgin must have been near two feet, as appears by the marks where they stood. These were morsels too precious to miss swallowing at the first depredations made into churches, and since they are not put into the catalogue printed in the Monasticon, of the riches of this church, which were taken in Edward Sixth’s time, we may readily suppose his father Henry had the honour of this piece of plunder, or else that Archbishop Holgate made him a present of them, along with the manors that prelate thought fit to give him from this see.

To enter upon a description of the imagery, in painted glass, which is still preserved in the windows of this place, and the rest of the church, would be endless; but the arms of the nobility and gentry of England, who were contributors, originally, to the charge of erecting this, and other parts of the church, are worth preserving; especially since fine glass is of so frail a substance, that it is almost a miracle so many coats are up at the windows at this day. However, we must not omit an encomium bestowed upon it by a great traveller, in old Monkish verse, inscribed on the wall in Saxon letters, as follows: Ut Rosa Flos Florum, Sic Est Domus Ista Domorum.(The Chief of Houses, as the Rose of Flowers.) In the square passage to the chapter-house from the church, remarkable for its beautiful windows of painted glass, have been also many coats of arms delineated on the wall in their proper colours, but very few of them can now be made out. Here have been several sepulchres, but the gravestones, one excepted, are all robbed of their inscriptions on brass.

On the north side of the church also, and near the Archiepiscopal palace, stood formerly the chapel of The visitor arriving at the new library, situated on the north side of the cathedral, behind the chapter-house, cannot fail of being impressed with the effects of literary genius and industry, and here "Hold converse with the great of ev’ry time, The learn’d of every class, the good of every clime." This building, formerly annexed as a chapel to the archbishop’s palace, which was totally destroyed some centuries since, is allowed to be much more commodious than the old one was on the south side of the cathedral. It had been many years used as a stable and hayloft, till the complete restoration of it to its exact primitive state in the English pointed style of architecture was effected in 1806. The west window of stained glass has in the centre a shield with the arms of the Duke of Clarence, who visited the cathedral that year. The side windows are all of ground glass, for the purpose of repelling too great a glare of light. For the convenience of taking down the volumes from the higher shelves, a neat oak gallery is supported by light iron bars. A large portion of the books here were the gift of Mrs. Matthews, the relict of Toby Matthews, archbishop, whose son, Sir Toby, having been disinherited by his father, was probably the reason that the mother bestowed her husband’s books, to the number of 3000 volumes, on the church. The books are chiefly remarkable for several valuable tracts in divinity and history; some manuscripts, amongst which is a Tully de Inventione ad Herrenium, very perfect, and in a most neat character. Bibles and psalters; the original register of St. Mary’s abbey at York, &c. But the manuscripts that are almost inestimable, especially, are Mr. Torre’s painful collections, from the original records of all the ecclesiastical affairs relating to this church and diocese. And the fine collection of the Rev. Mr. Marmaduke Fothergill was likewise added to this library; so that it now contains a body of manuscripts, especially in the English ritual and liturgical way, equal to most libraries in the kingdom.

The vestry joins to the south side of the church; it has a council room and treasury contiguous to it. In this last were kept all the rents, revenues, grants, and charters, with the common seal belonging to the church; and had a particular officer to inspect and take care of them. In the large inventory of the riches belonging to this cathedral, taken in Edward the Sixth’s time, is an account of the money then in St. Peter’s chest; which was soon after seized upon, and the treasurer’s office dissolved; for a very good reason says Mr. Willis, nam, Abreplo omni Thesauro, desiit Thesaurarii Manus. (When all the treasure was swept away, the office of Treasurer ceased of course).

The council room, or inner vestry, where his grace of York robes himself when he comes to his cathedral, is a convenient place, rendered warm and commodious for the clergy to adjourn to from the chapter-house in cold weather. In it is a large press, where are kept those acts and registers of the church, which they want more immediately to consult on these occasions.

In the wall of the south corner of the vestry room is a well of excellent water, called St. Peter’s Well. Opposite is a great chest, of a triangular figure, strongly bound about with iron bars; which by its shape, must have once served to lay up the vestments of the copes and priests. Along the north are several large cupboards in the wall, in which formerly were locked up the church plate, and other valuable things; but at present they are only enriched with the following curiosities: a canopy of state of gold tissue, and two small coronets of silver gilt, which were given by the city for the honour of King James I. at his coming out of Scotland to this place in his progress to London. A cope of plain white satin, the only one left us out of the large inventory of the ornaments of this church; and the famous horn, if we may so call it, made of This horn Mr. Camden particularly mentions as a mark of a strange way of endowment formerly used; and from an old book, as he terms it, gives us this quotation about it: "Ulphus, the son of Toraldus, governed in the west parts of Deira, and by reason of a difference like to happen betwixt his eldest son and his youngest, about his lordships, when he was dead, presently took this course to make them equal; without delay he went to York, and taking the horn, wherein he was wont to drink, with him, he filled it with wine, and kneeling upon his knees before the altar, bestowed upon God and the blessed St. Peter, all his lands, tenements, &c." In ancient times there are several instances of estates that were passed without any writings at all, by the lord’s delivery of such pledges as these, a sword, a helmet, a horn, a cup, a bow, or arrow; nudo verbo, absque scripto vel charta, tanium cum Domini gladio, vel galea, vel cornu, (merely by word of mouth, without any writing or paper, only by the lord’s delivery of a sword, helmet, or horn), are the express words of Ingulphus. The church of York ought to pay a high veneration to this horn; several lands belonging to it being still called de Terra Ulphi; and before the Reformation it was handsomely adorned with gold, and was pendant in a chain of the same metal. These ornaments were the occasion of its being taken away at that time; for it is plain by Mr. Camden’s words, that the horn was not there in his days: "I was informed, says he, that this great curiosity was kept in the church till the last age." We are not therefore to blame the Civil Wars for this piece of pillage; for a principal actor in them, Thomas Lord Fairfax, was the occasion of its being preserved and restored to the church. Where it had lain, or where he got it, is uncertain; but, stripped of its golden ornaments, it was returned by Henry Lord Fairfax, his successor. The chapter thought fit to decorate it anew, and to bestow the following inscription to the memory of the restorer upon it."Corno Hoc, Ulphus, inoccidentali parte Deirae Princeps, vna com omnibvs terris et redditibvs svis olim donavit. Amissvm vel abreptum Henricvs dom. Fairfax demum restitvit. Dec. et capit. de novo ornavit A. D. MDCLXXV.(This horn, Ulphus, Prince of the western parts of Deira, originally gave to the church of St. Peter’s, York, together with all the lands and revenues. Henry Lord Fairfax, at last restored it, after it had been lost, or conveyed away. The dean and chapter decorated it anew, A. D. 1675.) There is also a large, rich, and superb pastoral staff of silver, about seven feet in length, with a Virgin and a young Saviour in her arms, placed within the bend of it; under which on one side, are engraven the arms of Katherine of Portugal, Queen-Dowager of England, who gave the staff to one Smith, her confessor, nominated to be the popish Archbishop of York by King James II. in the year 1687. On the other side are the Smith’s family coat of arms, with a mitre and crosier, and a cardinal’s cap over them; so confident was this man in his expectation of being raised to that dignity: which, however, he was so far from attaining, that within a little time this magnificent ensign of his pastoral office was wrested from him by a party headed by the Earl of Danby, afterwards Duke of Leeds, when he was marching in a solemn procession from the public Romish chapel in the manor, near St. Mary’s abbey, to the cathedral of York; where his influence at that time had so far prevailed, as to have the great west doors opened to receive him. This staff was afterwards deposited in the hands of the dean and chapter.

On the south side of the vestry hang up against the wall, two ancient tables, which are little taken notice of. The one contains a catalogue of the miracles ascribed to the virtues of our St. William, 23 years after his death, and are 39 in number. The other is a copy of an indulgence granted by Pope Nicholas, mentioned in the life of that prelate, with other abstracts relating to this church.

Here is also an antique chair in which several kings of England have been crowned, and of which the archbishop also makes use, within the rails of the altar at ordinations. On the furniture cloths of the vestry are the arms of Scrope, Lord Masham, Booth, and Kemp.

The Archbishop’s Palace.—There were several palaces formerly belonging to the see of York, of which that at Bishopsthorpe is now the only Archiepiscopal residence in its possession. It is a very handsome edifice, on the banks of the Ouse, about three miles southeast of the city. Since built by Archbishop Walter Grey, it has undergone many improvements. The principal front and vestibule, which are ascended to by a flight of stone steps, exhibit the old English pointed style of architecture, and have a beautiful appearance. The same order is observed in the gateway and porter’s lodge. The chief apartments are decorated with elegant furniture, large bronze busts, portraits, &c. of his late Majesty, the Right Hon. William Pitt, and others. The great dining-room, overlooking the river, has a ceiling executed in ancient fretwork. Adjoining is the chapel, the windows of which are glazed with coloured glass executed by the late Mr. Peckitt. The altar window at the east end measures 75 feet square, and contains the arms of the different archbishops from the Reformation to the Revolution, properly quartered with those of the see. The floor is composed of white and black marble in chequered squares, and the pulpit exhibits a curious specimen of ancient wood carving.

In the pleasure-grounds contiguous to the palace, the lime-tree walk is particularly admired for its exuberant foliage, whilst the trees intermixing over head, resemble the long vista of a cathedral.

Frequent summer parties are formed for visiting Bishopsthorpe by water in boats, from New-walk and Lendall-ferries. The palace, pleasure-grounds, &c. may be seen by application to the housekeeper and chief gardener.

The Mansion-House is an elegant building, erected in 1725; the front has a rustic basement supporting pillars of the Ionic order, with a pediment bearing the city arms. The interior is furnished with rich plate, furniture, &c. for the use of each mayor. Several excellent pictures adorn the stateroom, and among them an elegant whole length portrait of his present Majesty then Prince of Wales, painted by Hoppner.

The Guildhall is situated behind the Mansion-house, and is thought to be one of the finest Gothic halls in the kingdom, being built in 1446. It is 96 feet in length by 43; the roof is fancifully ornamented with several grotesque figures and heads, with the Royal Arms as used by Henry V., and the roof is supported by ten octagon pillars of oak placed on stone bases. At the end of the hall are the law courts, with rooms for the grand and petit juries. In one of these, called the inner room, is placed the musquetry of the city, for equipping four companies of seventy men each. The windows contain some fine specimens of the art of painting upon glass. One of these, representing Justice in a Triumphal Car, was put up in 1754, being a gift from the artist, Mr. Peckitt, to the corporation. Adjoining the Guildhall a new council chamber has been lately erected, which consists of two distinct apartments; one being for the lord mayor, the recorder, city council, sheriffs, &c. and the other for the common council.

The Basilica, or County-Hall, stands on the west side of an area, and was erected in 1777. It is of the Ionic order, in length 150 feet and 45 in breadth. In the south end is the court for the trial of prisoners, and at the north end, that of Nisi Prius. Each of these is 30 feet diameter, covered with a dome 40 feet in height, elegantly decorated and supported by twelve Corinthian columns. In the room appropriated for the grand jury is a manuscript list of the names of all the High Sheriffs for the county, in succession from William the Conqueror to the present time. Nearly behind this room the new drop, or place of execution, is situated. The entrance to the hall is by a portico of six columns, 30 feet high, over which are the royal arms and an elegant full length figure of Justice.

An opposite building on the east was erected in 1780, in order to remedy many defects in the old gaol. Here are apartments for the clerk of the assize, and the county records. There are distinct hospital rooms for men and women; and since the year 1803, thirty cells, two bathrooms, seven day rooms, and an indictment office, have been added, besides three additional spacious flagged courtyards, with a walk for the sick upon the top of the southeast wing, secured by iron railing. The front, 150 feet in extent, is adorned with an elegant colonnade, similar to the court of justice, and many other improvements have been made.

The new City Gaol, was erected on an extensive scale, and begun in 1802 under the direction of Mr. Peter Atkinson, architect, and completed in 1807. It adjoins the Old Bailee, and is surrounded by a high brick wall; and having a vane and cupola at the top, is a conspicuous object in various parts of the environs. The edifice is entirely of stone, and in its front is a large courtyard, where the debtors have the liberty of walking. They ascend to their apartments by a large flight of steps, with iron railing. The cells for men and women felons, are on the ground floor, as is likewise the day-room. In each of the sleeping rooms are recesses for coals, &c. "The gallery here is 170 feet long; and the governor’s residence is in the centre of the building, and has a large airy room used as a chapel.

The prison is well supplied with water, and by means of proper drainage is rendered extremely clean and healthful.

When any criminals are executed, a temporary platform is erected behind the prison wall on the west side, facing the Old Bailee.

The new House of Correction is upon Toft-green, under the walls, near Micklegate Bar. This building was completely finished in 1814, and is much more appropriate and convenient than the old House of Correction upon Peaseholme-green. The expense was defrayed by a joint assessment upon the city and Ainsty. The Theatre Royal is at the upper end of Blake-street, erected in 1769. The late Tate Wilkinson, Esq. procured a patent for it. It is fitted up in a neat uniform style, capable of containing a numerous audience. Several judicious alterations have lately taken place in the interior, and the house is lighted up with wax candles placed in glass chandeliers of a novel form, which prevents the wax from running and dropping upon persons in the pit. The company perform at York from February till the beginning of May, and during the assize and race weeks. The admission to the lower boxes is 4s., to the upper 3s., pit 2s. 6d., galleries 1s. and 1s. 6d.

The Assembly Rooms.—The extensive building in Blake-street was erected in 1730, and was designed by the celebrated Lord Burlington. The vestibule is 32 feet long, 21 broad, and 21 high; and the grand Assembly-room is an antique Egyptian-hall, from a design of the celebrated Palladio, 112 feet in length, 40 in breadth, and 40 in height. This room consists of two orders, the Corinthian and the composite. The windows and decorations are superb; the principal lustre was the gift of Lord Burlington. The ceiling of the smaller Assembly-room used in common, is adorned with curious fretwork from the antique. There are five subscription concerts during the winter season. In the spring assize week the rooms are open for a concert and ball, on the Wednesday and Friday evenings; at the races, are balls only.

York Subscription Library, erected in 1811, is nearly opposite the Post-office in St. Helen’s-square.

It was first instituted in 1791. The members exceed 300, and the terms of the annual subscription is one pound six shillings, paid half yearly in advance, and for admission five guineas. The members are admitted by ballot; the books, amounting to near 7000 in number, are the joint property of the subscribers. The ground floor being occupied as a newsroom, the London newspapers are regularly taken in, with the best maps, &c.

The County Hospital, or Public Infirmary, is a spacious building beyond Monkbar. The front extends 75 feet in length, and it is 90 in depth, and encloses a small court. Here is a Public Medical Library established in 1810, for the improvement and diffusion of medical knowledge. This excellent charity is dependent upon the benevolence of the public for its support.

The City Dispensary, in St. Andrew-gate, for administering relief to the diseased poor, is also supported by voluntary subscription. This was set on foot in 1788, by gentlemen of the faculty resident in York. Here are also extensive national and charity schools, Sunday schools, spinning schools, &c. &c. with a saving bank established in 1816, where interest is paid at the rate of four per cent.

The Lunatic Asylum is situated without Bootham-bar, and was first established in the year 1777, by general subscription. Its front extends 132 feet in length; its depth is 52 feet, and it consists of three stories in height. The ends of the front are finished as pavilions, and have a projection equal to that of the central columns. Over the centre of the building rises a cylindrical bell tower, surrounded with small columns, and finished with a cupola and vane at the top. In 1817 a new building was erected behind the front, intended for females only. It is two stories high, and every room throughout is arched, and rendered completely fireproof. A room is also used as a chapel, and spacious gardens and airing grounds surround the buildings. Patients are admitted on paying a weekly sum for their maintenance. The expenses being moderate, render this foundation advantageous to persons of slender means. Dr. Wake is the attending physician, and was elected to that office in 1815.

The Retreat, is another institution for the use of the same class of patients, belonging to the society of Quakers or Friends. It was opened in 1796; the building consists of a centre and four wings, with the addition of a new erection behind, called The Lodge, connected with the main building by a long passage or gallery, It is situated nearly a mile from the city, on the road to Heslington, upon an eminence which commands an extensive and beautiful prospect in all directions. The medical department is under a physician of York, chosen by a monthly committee. This institution embraces all classes of patients, who pay according to their ability, though neither the physicians nor the internal managers receive any fees, all of them having annual fixed salaries. Mr. Samuel Tuke has published a very interesting memoir and description of "The Retreat," with plans and view.

The York Emmanuel was instituted for the relief of mental derangement, blindness, or idiotcy in ministers, their wives, widows, or children. This was established in 1782.

About this time, by the exertions of Mrs. Cappe and Mrs. Gray, a spinning school was established. Spinning, however, is no longer attended to, the children being at present chiefly employed in sewing or knitting. They are also taught to read, are provided with Sunday clothes, and presented with every requisite in dress, on their leaving the school.

Connected with the Spinning School, and also with the Greycoat School, is the York Friendly Female Society. This was established in 1788, as a relief in case of sickness, for those especially who are educated in the two first-mentioned schools. General members paying half-a-crown upon admission, and one shilling per quarter the first two years, and eighteen-pence afterwards, are entitled to three shillings a week, six, and even ten, to married members on the birth of each child. A private fund also provides child-bed linen. In 1800 the ladies commenced an annuity fund for raising forty shillings a year for life, to be paid such members as have attained the age of 53, or have been the longest in the society.

The York Female Benefit Club, may be classed with those friendly societies common to all large towns and cities.

A Lying-In Society was instituted in November 1812, in aid of the more virtuous parts of humble society, which, besides paying a midwife, lends linen for a month, or pays for medical assistance if necessary.

The York Charitable Society was established in 1788, with a design to lessen the number of vagrant poor, and promote the object of Sunday schools among the lower classes. The whole number of children educated in these seminaries is nearly eight hundred.

The York Benevolent Society has for its object to search out the sons and daughters of suffering, to visit them in their affliction with temporal aid, acting on the broad basis of human wretchedness.

The Society for the Prevention and Discouragement of Vice and Profaneness, directs its principal exertions to the prevention of lewdness, drunkenness, profane swearing, and Sabbath breaking.

Dr. Colton’s Hospital consists of a row of low brick buildings in a back yard, established in 1717, for the occupation of eight poor women. The inmates, by the improvement of the estate, have lately received about four pounds per month among them.

The York Humane Society is an establishment on the plan of that in London, with receiving-houses, drags, &c.

Mr. John Allen’s Society, is an Institution of modern date, for the benefit of a certain number of poor old men, who each receive half-yearly about six pounds. Any of these pensioners dying, others, who are thought proper objects, are appointed by the trustees. Walter’s Hospital allows small pensions and some cottages for the residence of about ten persons. Sir William Walter was twice Lord Mayor of York, previous to the year 1612.

Lady Conynham’s Charities consist of annuities of about 20l. a piece to poor clergymen’s widows; and also to ten poor clergymen, who shall respectively be in possession of only one living under the yearly value of 100l. within the county of York.—Annuities are likewise allowed to six poor women, or unmarried women residing in York, being 50 years of age and upwards, not respectively possessed of the sum of 50l.

Haughton’s Charity-school is near the church of St. Crux; here 20 poor children are taught to read and write English, and the schoolmaster receives a salary. Mr. Haughton also left large sums of money to the several charities in York. Winterskelf’s Hospital is nearly opposite to St. Margaret’s church. Here six inhabitants, besides lodging, receive from seven to eight pounds per annum.

The places of worship in York are various; the beautiful Roman Catholic chapel is in Little Blake-street, and is much admired for its architecture and decorations. A smaller chapel at the Nunnery, has its walls ornamented with designs from scripture. Here several nuns attend, and occasionally accompany the organ, and the vocal music is thought particularly fine.

Methodist chapels are to be found in New-street and Albion-street; the first was opened in January, 1805, and the latter in October, 1816. The Quakers’, or Friends’ meetinghouse, is at the entrance of Far-water-lane, in Castlegate. Here an ingenious method for conveying warm air into the building in cold weather, and a supply of cold in summer, is made use of by a flue of curious contraction.

The Presbyterian chapel is in St. Saviour gate, and was erected in 1692, chiefly by the liberal aid of Lady Sarah Hewley. It is built in the form of a cross, with an elevation in the centre, and has a burial-ground attached to it. This has an organ and a singing-gallery, and is well aired with stoves.

The Independents’ chapel is situated in Lendal, and was built in 1814. It is an elegant, spacious, and lofty structure, and is supposed to have cost more than 3000l.

Among the promenades, the first certainly is New Walk, a fine gravelled terrace, made in 1733, and extending near a mile in length along the banks of the Ouse. It has a long avenue of lofty elms, and in fine weather is usually resorted to by numerous groups of gay and well-dressed pedestrians, whilst other parties in pleasure-boats, are sailing upon the river. A band of music from the neighbouring barracks are also frequently in attendance, and garden chairs are placed at convenient distances. A public bath has also been built adjoining the spring-well, commonly called "The Lady Well," about the middle of the avenue.

The cavalry barracks, a small distance from York, on the Fulford road, were erected in 1796, at the expense of 25,000l. These handsome buildings stand in an area of an oblong square, occupying 12 acres of ground from wall to wall, and purchased at the rate of 150 guineas per acre. The centre building for the officers, is a neat structure, with the royal arms finely executed at Coade’s artificial stone manufactory.

The race-ground is about a mile south of the city, commonly called Knavesmire, and is a large plain, or dead flat. The grand stand here is the principal object. On the ground floor are convenient offices and rooms for the entertainment of company; above, on the second floor, is a handsome commodious room for the nobility and gentry to assemble in, with a balustrade projection, the front 90 feet in length, and supported by a rustic arcade of 15 feet high, commanding a fine prospect. The top of the roof of this room is leaded, and has accommodations for viewing the races. The goal is a stone rotunda near the stand, for the convenience of those persons who decide the order in which the horses pass. The annual meetings are in May and August, and non-subscribers are admitted upon the stand during each meeting, upon the payment of one guinea.

The white-lead works belonging to Messrs. Liddell and Co. have been carried on very successfully since the year 1794. A preparation of red lead is also carried on at this manufactory, which is situated near the New Walk.

The flint-glass manufactory of Messrs. Prince and Prest, is a little further on, close by the river Foss. It was first established in 1797, and will afford ample gratification to the visitor who may wish to examine its particular process.

The marketplaces, of which there are two, (the Pavement, and Thursday-market, are spacious, and in every respect convenient. In that part of the city called the Pavement, is kept a daily market for vegetables, &c. The Cross is a square with a dome ascended into by winding stairs, and supported by twelve pillars of the Ionic order. It was erected in 1672, by Marmaduke Rawdon, a merchant in London, but a native of York. The other is used on a Saturday as shambles, to the west side the butchers have free resort. On the west side of the marketplace stands a cross, built in 1705, for the shelter of the market people in bad weather. It is a plain but elegant structure.

The Ainsty of the city of York, is a small district extending westward from York; which forms a distinct jurisdiction, and cannot be included in any of the Ridings. It is bounded by the river Ouse on the northeast, the river Wharfe on the southwest, and the river Nid on the northeast. The situation of the Ainsty is equally as advantageous as any in the East Riding for sending its produce to the different markets by the rivers Ouse and Wharfe; a great part of the produce is carried to the populous city of York, conveniently situated for that purpose; a considerable quantity of corn is also sent to the West Riding, which lies more convenient for that purpose than the east; the price of corn and other produce is therefore higher here than in the East Riding.

The country is generally flat, with some gentle swells. The quantity of wood is considerable, and the whole Ainsty, generally considered, is fertile, and the climate mild. Within this jurisdiction are thirty-four villages and hamlets, besides one half of the market-town of Tadcaster, the middle of Tadcaster-bridge being the boundary between the Ainsty and the West Riding. The farms here are small; and they breed some good horses, but not many cattle, and neither here nor at York are there any manufactures of much note, gloves excepted.

The municipal government of the city of York is vested in a Lord Mayor, a Recorder, two City Council, twelve Aldermen, two Sheriffs, twenty-four Assistants, called the council of twenty-four; seventy-two Common-councilmen, and six Chamberlains. The Mayor assumes the title of Lord in all writing or speaking to him; this honour was conferred by Richard II.

There is also a City Steward, Town-Clerk, Sword-bearer, four Attornies of the Sheriff's Court, and a number of inferior officers. The office of Lord-Mayor of York is a place of great honour and trust. He is the King’s Lieutenant in his absence, and does not give place, or resign the ensigns of his authority to any one but the king himself, or the presumptive heir of the crown. On public occasions he is habited in scarlet, with a rich mantle of crimson silk and a massy chain of gold. The forest of Galtres is a little to the north of the city. It is in some places very thick of trees, and others very moorish and boggy; it formerly extended to the very gates of the city, but is now much lessened, and several considerable villages are built in it.

The situation, boundaries, and extent of these divisions of Yorkshire having been described in pages 74 and 86 of the volume, we now proceed to give a detailed account of the principal places, according to the routes laid down for each journey.

York, the second City in England, and the Seat of an Archbishop.

YORK is an ancient city, municipal and parliamentary and county borough, head of an archiepiscopal see, union and county court district, situated in a rich valley at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss, near the junction of the North. East and West sidings, and locally in the North Riding, but is independent of all three, being a city and county in itself, and the capital of the great county of York, to which it gives its name; it is distant by rail from Aberdeen 320 miles, Ashton 61, Alnwick 121384, Barnsley 37, Batley 33 ¼, Blackburn 75 ½, Befwick 150 ½, Beverley 34, Birmingham 130, Bridlington 53, Boston 100, Burton 98 ¼, Bristol 217 ¾, Bradford 35 ½ Brighton 245, Burslem 100, Bolton 81 ¾, Burnley 71 ½, Carlisle 127, Chester 104 ¼, Coventry 138 ½, Darlington 44, Dewsbury 34 ½, Derby 87 ¾, Doncaster 32 ¼, Driffield 41 ½, Dudley 128 ¾, Dundee 264, Durham 67, Dunbar 179, Dumfries 160, Edinburgh 208 ½, Exeter 293 ½, Glasgow 231, Grantham 82 ¾, Gloucester 181, Greenock 250 ½, Halifax 42, Hartlepool 60, Harrogate 18 ¼, Holyhead 188 ½, Huddersfield 42 ½, Hull 42, Huntingdon 129 ¼, Keighley 42 ½, Knaresborough 16 ½, Lancaster 91, Leeds 25 ½, Leicester 110 ¼, Lichfield 119 ½, Lincoln 68 ½, Liverpool 99 ¾, London 188 ½, Macclesfield 80 ¼, Manchester 69 ¾J, Middlesbrough 51, Morpeth 100 ½, Montrose 297, Newark 68, Newcastle 84, Northallerton 30, Normanton 24 ½, Northampton 155, Nottingham 94 ½, Norwich 194 ¼, Oxford 188 ¾, Perth 258, Peterborough 112 ¼, Plymouth 346 ½, Pontefract 22, Preston 86, Reading 216 ¾, Richmond 48 ½, Rochdale 64 ¾, Rugby 130 ½, Salisbury 263 ½, Scarborough 42, Selby 13 ¾, Settle 67, Shrewsbury 126, Sheffield 62 ¾, Skipton 51 ¼, Southampton 268 ¼, Southport 103 ¼, Stoke 100, Stockton 48, Stockport 68 ½, Stafford 118, Sunderland 77, Tadcaster 15 ½, Thirsk 22 ¼, Todmorden 56 ¼, Wakefield 27 ½, Walsall 137, Whitby 56, Wigan 86, Wolverhampton 130 ¾, Worcester 155, Worksop 57 ¼.

The history of York begins with the Roman occupation, although the existence of an early British Settlement here has been demonstrated both from the discovery of undoubted British burials below those of English and Roman date, and from the fact that the name “Eboracum,” which the Romans bestowed on this colony, was not a new appellation, but the Latinised form of the name “Evrawc” or “Eurewic,” already in use, from its situation on the river Ure or Eure, now called the Ouse, “wic” signifying a Settlement or town.

The Roman station occupied a tolerably level site between the rivers Ouse and Foss, and near their confluence, and stood from. 25 to 30 feet above the former, and about 100 yards from its left or eastern bank, the military or fortified part being confined to the left bank, while the suburbs, crossing the stream, extended to the south-west and to the north; the former was inclosed by walls, measuring 469 yards from north-west to south-fast, and 550 yards from north-east to south-west, the area, at first square, having been extended northwards at some period subsequent to the foundation of the city; in the walls were four main gates, one of which, on the west, occupied the site of Bootham bar; the northern gate was near the church of St. Maurice; the eastern in Low Petergate, near Trinity church; and the Southern gate at the bottom of Stonegate, opposite the Mansion house; at each angle of the wall was a tower, and a portion of one of these, now called the “Multangular tower,” is still standing in the grounds of the Yorkshire Philosophical society, near Lendal bridge; this tower is a decagonal structure of rubble, faced with ashlar, 42 feet in exterior diameter, and about 33 feet 6 inches within, the walls being on an average 5 feet thick; the Roman part of the work is about 15 feet in height, and above this is an upper storey of ashlar, erected in the Early English or Decorated period, and pierced in nine faces with cruciform loopholes; some other fragments of the northern section of the Roman wall have been met with at two points near Monkbar, but the wall extending south-east from the tower is mediaeval; both Roman and English coins were found within the tower on its excavation, and it now contains five stone coffins, recovered from different Roman cemeteries; remains of Roman buildings and works have also been traced beyond the river, outside the fortified area, including a pavement discovered within Micklegate bar and cemeteries at Clementhorpe and elsewhere. On the withdrawal of the Romans from Britain, A.D. 426—30, the inhabitants appear to have made an effort to maintain and complete the defences of the city by the construction of earthworks, built up, in part, on the Roman work, and of these fortifications an extent of nearly 3,000 yards, situated on both sides of the river Ouse, still remains; the Castle hill and the Bail hill, on the south of the Ouse, are later defensive works raised against the Danes, and were both originally surrounded by a moat.

King Harold visited York just before the battle of Stamford Bridge, 25 sept. 1066, and it was here that the news of the Norman invasion reached him; at the time of the Norman Conquest York had become a place of some importance, and the Conqueror, on visiting the city, ordered the erection of a stronghold on the Castle hill, and placed it in charge of William Malet; in sept. 1069, it was attacked and taken by the combined Danes and insurgent English, but was retaken by the king, who kept his Christmas here in 1069—70. In 1138 David, king of Scotland, laid siege to York, but was repulsed with considerable loss; Henry II. held a parliament here (1169) at which Malcolm, King of Scotland, did homage, and in 1252 Alexander III. King of Scotland, celebrated his marriage here with Margaret, daughter of Henry III.; after the battle of Bannockburn (1315) Edward II. came to York and held a council; Edward III. was married to Philippa of Hainault, Jan. 24, 1328, and after the battle of Halidown Hill (1333) arrived at York, and in 1335 took up his residence at the monastery of Holy Trinity and held a council; in 1346 David Bruce, King of Scotland, was a prisoner here; Richard II. visited the city in 1385 and 1389, and on the latter occasion presented his own sword to the mayor, to be borne in all public processions, and conferred the title of “Lord Mayor,” which honor until quite recently was for years possessed by only two other cities-London and Dublin. During the wars of York and Lancaster several battles took place in the neighbourhood, and at the battle of Towton (1461) Henry VI. and Margaret remained in the city until the defeat of their army, and Edward IV. on landing in England (1471) garrisoned York previous to the battle of Barnet, and Richard III. was crowned in this city (1483). In the time of Henry VIII. during the insurrection roused by the suppression of monasteries and called the “Pilgrimage of Grace, ’’ the city was occupied by the insurgents, who were dispersed, and Aske, the leader, executed, and here, after this rebellion was quelled in 1537, was established the Council of the North. presided over by a lord president; James I. resided at the Manor Palace, and in 1639 Charles I. held a council at the palace, and subsequently, in 1641, made the city his head quarters during the struggle with the Parliament; after the battle of Marston Moor the parliamentary forces besieged the city for four months, and it at length surrendered, July 4, 1644; on Jan. 30, 1646, a sum of £400,000 was paid here to the scots for the surrender of Charles I. to the English, and at the Restoration Charles II. was proclaimed here; during the Revolution of 1688 the mob destroyed the houses of the principal Catholics and their chapels, and on Dec. 14 in that year an address was voted by the “Lord Mayor and Corporation” to the Prince of Orange.

The exact date of the erection of the present city walls is unknown, but only the inner structure of the bars and a portion of the wall above the Layerthorpe postern present any distinct Norman features, and these of rather late date; the walls everywhere follow the line of the embankment and are built upon it, but have been so patched by repairs that very little ancient work can be made out; the portion near to Foss island appears to be of Edwardian date, and there are perhaps some remains of the reign of Henry III. but much of the superstructure is far later, and where the wall is of decidedly late construction, as near Lendal, it is considerably thicker and includes a rampart walk. During the Siege of York in 1644, the walls were greatly damaged, and three years had to be spent in repairing them; further restorations were undertaken in 1666, 1669, and 1673, and in 1833, being then in a dilapidated state, they were completely renewed at a cost of £3,000, raised by public subscriptions; portions have since been repaired by private generosity, and the walls now form, for a part of their extent, a pleasant promenade. The wall incloses all that part of the city proper which lies south of the Ouse, and at its western termination, near Lendal bridge, is a picturesque old tower, from which, as Leland (d. 1552) relates, a chain was stretched across the river to Lendal tower on the north side; the wall is next traced to the Museum gardens, connecting itself with the Multangular tower and passing the Kings manor or palace; at Bootham bar it recommences and extends uninterruptedly to Layerthorpe on the east, where the Foss stream and the adjoining marshes rendered fortifications unnecessary; at the Red tower, a little distance to the south the wall resumes its course and terminates at Fishergate postern, a square structure with tiled roof, erected by the Corporation in the 16th century; from this point, after crossing Skeldergate bridge, the wall is again met with commencing at the end of Skeldergate, and continuing, by way of Victoria and Micklegate bars, over the railway to the south side of Lendal bridge; and this portion affords the best promenade.

The gates or “bars,” which occur at intervals in the walls, are features of a very remarkable and interesting character, chiefly belonging to the 14th century, though the lower arches of some are earlier.

Micklegate bar, at the south-west entrance of the city, a work chiefly of the Decorated period, was in 1826 reduced to its present condition by the removal of the barbican, and other alterations; it now consists of a square tower pierced by an archway, and having circular embattled projecting turrets at the angles, each of which is surmounted by the figure of a man-at-arms. In the middle of the last century the outer gate was guarded by a massive iron chain across it, and the main gateway had a portcullis and a very strong double wooden gate, which was closed every night at ten o’clock.

The gateway for foot passengers, on the west side of the bar, was made in 1754; that on the east in 1826; on the upper part of the front of the bar are the arms of England and France, and those of the city, under canopies, and over the gateway those of Sir John Lister Kaye bart. Lord Mayor in 1737, when the bar was renovated; it was again completely repaired in 1826; upon this bar it was formerly the custom to place the heads of traitors after their execution; the last case of this kind took place after the rebellion of 1745.

Bootharn bar, the entrance from the north-west, crosses the road to Thirsk, and occupies the site of one of the gates of the Roman city; it appears to have been erected at various dates, some portion being Norman and the rest dating from the 14th and 16th centuries; the front towards the city was rebuilt in 1719, and again in 1831, when the whole bar was repaired and materially altered, at a cost of £300, the street being repaired at the same time; the turrets bear figures similar to those at Micklegate bar, and the portcullis groove is still visible over the outer arch.

Monk bar, on the north-east side of the city, is the most lofty of the five ancient gateways, and prior to the removal of its barbican was a fine specimen of castellated architecture of the Decorated period; on the battlements outside are the arms of France quartered with those of England; the portcullis still remains; the barbican was removed and the foot roads on either side of the bar re-formed and enlarged a few years ago.

Walmgate bar, the entrance from Hull, still retains its barbicans and portcullis, as well as a portion of the strong oak door of the inner gateway; the main building is of the time of Edward I. and the barbican of Edward III.; over the outer gateway are the arms of Henry V. and Over the barbican the city arms, with the date of its repair after the last siege in 1648; the bar was repaired by the Corporation about 1840, at a cost of £500.

Fishergate bar, near the new Cattle Market, was burnt during an insurrection in the time of Henry VII. when it was walled up, but was reopened in 1827; it is probable that the present archway is only a fragment of the bar as it existed anciently; the city arms and an illegible inscription appear over the entrance.

Victoria bar, leading from Bishophill to Clementhorpe, and erected by subscription in 1838, is a plain structure occupying the site of a small gateway which anciently existed at this spot.

North street postern, close to Lendal bridge, and erected in 1840 by the North Eastern Railway Company, with permission of the Corporation, is a massive gateway with central and side arches.

The posterns formerly existing at Castlegate, Layerthorpe and Skeldergate have been removed.

York Castle is situated at the east end of Castlegate, and although a fortress of importance in the Norman period, retains no portions of that date; the wall in the lower ward, upon the Foss, is perhaps in part of the early 12th century; but the round towers are not earlier than Henry III. Clifford’s Tower, so called from a member of that family being the first governor of the castle,-stands on a lofty mound of earth in the castle yard, and is in plan a quatrefoil 80ft. in diameter, with walls 9ft. thick and 40ft. high; three of the angles above the first floor have circular turrets, and at the fourth is a projecting bay of two storeys, the lower stage containing the entrance and the upper storey a small chapel, arcaded and ornamented with dog-tooth. moulding; the tower may date from the reign of Richard I. or John, and has two circular staircases leading to the summit. The castle and tower were originally strongly defended by a deep moat and approached by drawbridges, which have long been removed. The castle continued in the hands of the Crown for many reigns, and was used as the official residence of the high sheriffs of Yorkshire, and the depository of the revenues and muniments of the Crown, and after it ceased to be used as a military post it was converted into a county prison. The old building at the further end of the yard was built in 1703. His Majesty’s Prison here was begun in 1826, and this work, together with other buildings and improvements, occupied a period of about twelve years; the area of the castle was greatly enlarged, the additional space being protected by a lofty stone wall, which includes Clifford’s Tower (previously without the castle wall), and a massive towered gateway; these alterations cost £225,000; it is now, however, used solely as detention barracks. The County Assize Courts, on the south-west side of the castle area, were erected in 1777, on the site of the old assize hall built in 1673, and extensive additional buildings were erected in 1881.

The City Gaol was taken down in 1878, and all prisoners, both from the city and county, are now taken to the various local county prisons.

There are several pleasant walks, amongst which are the Esplanade, extending along the bank of the Ouse from Lendal bridge to Clifton, a distance of one mile, and the New Walk, along the bank of the same river, in an opposite direction towards the village of Fulford; this walk, which is shaded by an avenue of elms, was laid out as far as the Foss in 1733, and in 1768 continued, the whole extent being now about one mile. Lendal bridge, a structure of stone and iron across the Ouse river from the railway station to the minster, was opened in 1863, the cost, with the purchase of its approaches, was about £35,000, and it was opened free of toll, August 7th. 1894. Ouse bridge, connecting Low Ousegate and Micklegate, and also free, was erected in 1810—20, from designs by Mr. Atkinson, architect; it is built of stone, and consists of three elliptical arches, that in the centre having a span of 75 feet. Skeldergate toll bridge, of four arches, erected in 1881, is a structure of iron and stone, uniting Fishergate and Clementhorpe, and comprising five arches, three across the river and two on land, the centre river arch spanning a width of go feet and one of the two side river arches of 30 feet span opens on the bascule principle, the roadway being raised and lowered by hydraulic machinery. Scarborough railway bridge, built in 1845, is also a footbridge, and crosses the river near Marygate. Monk bridge is a single arch constructed of iron and stone, and connects Monkgate with Heworth. Layerthorpe bridge, connecting Peasholm Green with Layerthorpe, Foss bridge, connecting Fossgate with Walmgate, and Castle Mills bridge, connecting Tower street with Fishergate and Fulford road, are each stone bridges of one arch. Blue bridge is a foot-bridge which connects Kings Staith and St. George’s Field with the New Walk.

Skeldergate bridge is leased by the Corporation, the lessee charging a toll of a halfpenny for every foot passenger and bicycle, and a penny for conveyances.

The Corporation of the city, as stated by the Municipal Corporation Commissioners in their report in 1835, claims to be a Corporation by prescription. The earliest charter extant is one of Henry II. which confirms all the liberties, laws, customs, guilds, merchants, and hanses in England and Normandy, as they were held in the time of Henry I. and confirmations or new grants of charter rights were obtained from almost every subsequent monarch to Charles II. In the time of Richard II. the city was constituted a county of itself, and authorized to elect two sheriffs, who, with the Lord Mayor, should have cognizance of all pleas and actions within the city limits. The Ainsty of the City of York, a wapentake of the county, in the time of Henry VI. was annexed to the city, but during the reign of William IV was re-annexed to the West Riding of the county by Act of Parliament; for parliamentary purposes it belongs, under the” Redistribution of seats Act, 1885,” to the Thirsk division of the North Riding of Yorkshire, but by the “Local Government Act, 1888,” it is deemed to be part of the West Riding for the purpose of establishing county councils. The City of York, by the “Municipal Corporations Act, 1835” (5 and 6 William IV. c. 76), was divided into six wards, having previously contained but four, namely, Micklegate, Walmgate, Bootham and Monk wards; it has now, in addition to these, Castlegate and Guildhall wards. In 1894 the “York Extension and Improvement Act, 1889” (47 and 48 Vict. c. ccxxxii.), was obtained, by which the area of the boundaries of the city was increased from 1,971 ¼ acres to 3,553 ½ acres. Consequent upon the passing of this act, the six wards into which the city is divided have been re-arranged, but retain their previous names. Each ward elects six councillors, two of whom go out yearly in turn. The councillors elect twelve aldermen, who serve for six years. The style and title of the Corporation is “The Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Citizens of the City of York,” who are charged with the management and protection of the city; the Lord Mayor resides, during his term of office, at the Mansion House. The municipal and parliamentary boundaries of the city are now co-terminous, and in lude Heworth and the greatest part of Clifton in the North Riding, and Holgate in the West Riding. Under the “Local Government Act, 1888” (51 and 52 Vict. cap. 41), the city became a county borough, and under and for the purposes of the Local Government Act the City Council acts as the County Council. The city has a commission of the peace and a separate court of quarter sessions. In 1295 (23rd Edward I.) the city returned two members to Parliament, and it has continued to do so up to the present time, the “Redistribution of seats Act, 1885” adding the places, under the “Extension Act of 1884,”r to the parliamentary borough, but not altering the representation.

The Corporation are the trustees and conservators of the river Ouse from a short distance above the port of Goole to about ten miles above the city. Only one lock existed between the city and the sea, and as this was too small in size to admit of sea-going vessels trading to the city, a new and much larger lock was constructed and opened in 1888 at Naburn, four miles south to allow of vessels of 300 or 400 tons burthen to pass through. The Foss is rendered navigable by a lock a few hundred yards above its junction with the Ouse.

From the time of the Conquest the trade and commerce of York have been very considerable. There were numerous guilds or corporations of traders, who were empowered by charters from the Crown to prosecute their respective callings. The Ouse would admit the passage up to the bridge of the largest class of vessels at that time employed in the merchant service; but the increase in size of trading vessels, the distance from the sea, with other causes, led to the gradual decline of the trade of this city. The principal branches of trade at the present time are the manufacture of confectionery, artificias manure, combs and joiners’ planes; there are also iron foundries, railway carriage works, corn mills, maltings, breweries, tanneries, saw mills, and the importation of timber is also a local industry. At Heworth is a bed of clay from which brown pots, tiles and bricks are made, besides which there is a good general local trade.

The Gas Works, from which the city is well supplied, belong to a joint-stock company, and are at Foss bank, near Monkbridge, where there are five holders with a combined capacity of 2,800,000 cubic feet; the offices and showrooms are in Davygate.

The Water Works, the property of the York Water Works Company, originally contained in Lendal Tower and some adjoining buildings, were removed in 1846 to a site on the Boroughbridge road, on the western side of and 2 miles from the city; there are three subsiding tanks, and fifteen filters, from which the water is pumped to all parts of the city and district.

The Electric Light Works, on Foss Islands road, belonging to the Corporation, were opened in March, 1900, and have an approximate capacity of 6,000 horse-power.

York is the great railway centre and the head quarters of the North Eastern railway. The station is to the south-west of the city and outside the walls, and is used jointly by the Great Northern, North Western, Midland, Lancashire and Yorkshire, Great Eastern and Great-Central railways; it is a magnificent structure, 800 feet in Length by 234 wide, and was erected in 1877, the whole covered by a curved iron roof in three spans-the central span being 850 feet in length by 45 feet in width. In 1909—10 the platform area was increased from 3,050 to 3,540 yards. Adjoining the station at the city end is the Royal station Hotel, a fine structure of brick with stone dressings in the Elizabethan style. The old station within the walls, erected in 1841, now serves as a depot. New chief offices for the North Eastern railway were built in 1904, near to the old station, chiefly in the English Renaissance style, from designs by Messrs. William Bell and Horace Field, architects; the building is of brick with stone facings and dressings, and includes a tower 125 feet in height. During the progress of the excavations for the present station a number of Roman coins, skeletons and coffins were found, which are now deposited in the Philosophical Museum.

The Archiepiscopal see of York was constituted by Edwin, king of Northumbria, A.D. 627, but it was after the Conquest that Thomas, chaplain to the Conqueror, being made Archbishop, established the first regular chapter; after frequent disputes for supremacy, carried on for years with the Archbishop of Canterbury, the decision was ultimately given in favour of the latter, the archbishop of that see being styled Primate of all England, as superior to the Archbishop of York, who is designated Primate of England. The province of York includes the counties of Chester and York and all counties to the north of these extending to the Scottish border, and comprises the sees of York, Durham, Carlisle, Chester, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Ripon, Wakefield, and Sodor and Man. The diocese of York was reduced in area by the formation of the see of Ripon in 1836, and the transfer of Nottinghamshire to Lincoln 1837, and the parishes of Crofton, Warmfield and Woolley were taken away and added to the diocese of Wakefield on its formation in 1888. The diocese of York now comprises the whole of the East Riding and parts of the North and West Ridings, divided into the archdeaconries of York (or West Riding) and those of Sheffield, the East Riding and Cleveland.

The Cathedral Church of St. Peter, or York Minster, may be considered the greatest ornament of this ancient city, being one of the largest and most magnificent structures of the kind in Europe: the original foundation dates from the year 626, when Edwin, the Saxon king of Northumbria, whose residence was in York, became a convert to the Christian faith under the teaching of Paulinus, but the city not furnishing a temple suitable for the ceremony of baptism, a small oratory of wood was erected for the occasion on the site of the present minster, and was dedicated to St. Peter; in this building the king and his two sons, Osfrid and Edfred, with many of the nobility, were solemnly baptized on Easter-day, April 12th. 627; Paulinus was soon after consecrated Archbishop of York, and, possessing great influence over the king, he was induced to lay the foundation of a magnificent stone building; this building was finished by Oswald, but he being shortly afterwards slain in battle, the minster became a prey to the barbarous monarch Penda, and was almost demolished: in 669 it was repaired and partially rebuilt by Wilfred, who succeeded as archbishop: in 741 it suffered severely by fire: in 767 Archbishop Albert, who had been promoted to the see of York, took the minster, which was then partially in ruins, entirely down and it was sumptuously rebuilt in the Saxon style: in 1069 the Northumbrians, aided by the Danes, attempted, to overthrow the power of the Norman conqueror and besieged York; the garrison set fire to several houses, the flames extended to the cathedral, which, with its valuable library, was burned to the ground: it was again rebuilt a few years afterwards by Thomas, a canon of Bayeux, in Normandy, who was made archbishop of the province, and increased in splendour and magnificence: in June, 1137, it once more fell a sacrifice to a dreadful fire, after which it laid in ruins until 1171, when Archbishop Boger commenced the work of rebuilding; Walter de Grey, who succeeded Boger, added the south part of the cross aisle or transept in 1227, and in 1260 John le Romain erected the north transept and raised the steeple in the middle; his son, in 1291, laid the foundation of the nave: in 1320 William de Melton carried forward the building commenced by his predecessor, and in 1330 completed the west end, together with the south-west tower as it appears at the present day, and also rebuilt the central tower: in 1361 Archbishop Thoresby rebuilt the choir erected by Boger, since it did not accord with the magnificence of the nave: in 1370 the central tower was again taken down, and in 1400 the present elegant perpendicular lantern tower was completed t in 1430 the bells were placed in the south-west tower, the corresponding tower on the north-west not being finished till 1470: on the 3rd July, 1472, the minster, being then complete as it now stands, was reconsecrated by Archbishop Neville, and that day was afterwards observed as the feast of dedication: the choir screen was built in the decade 1475 to 1485: the cathedral did not suffer much during the Reformation, and there is no authentic record of anything important having occurred after its completion in 1472 till the commencement of the 19th century, when on the 1st of February, 1829, the choir, with a noble organ and much carved work, were completely destroyed by fire; this was the work of a fanatic, named Jonathan Martin, a native of Hexham, who had concealed himself in the building during the preceding evening; the damage was estimated at £60,000: a subscription list being opened, the fund soon amounted to upwards of £50,000; the Government also made a grant of timber worth £500, and the archbishop subscribed £2,000 and restored the communion-plate; the late Hon. and Rev. Lumley Saville, Earl of Scarbrough, defrayed the entire cost of a new organ, built at a cost of £3,000, and improved in 1859 at a cost of £1,300; this organ was rebuilt in 1901 at a cost of over £4,000; the restoration of the choir was completely effected and the minster re-opened for public worship in May, 1833: on the evening of May 20, 1840, a fire broke out in the south tower of the western front, when the roof of the nave was entirely destroyed and the beautiful peal of bells ruined; subscriptions were at once opened and the tower was very shortly repaired and the nave supplied with a new roof: during the period 1871—4 the restoration of the interior south transept was completed, at a cost of £16,319; and the exterior of the same was effected in 1874—80, at a cost of about £25,000: in 1888 St. Cuthbert’s window was renovated at a cost of £819, and in 1891 £1,778 was expended in re-leading the nave roof. The total amount spent upon the maintenance of the fabric of the minster from 1873 to 1909 was over £50,000.

In plan the minster is cruciform, the eastern limb being of the same length as the western, and the total length of the transepts equal to half the total length of the nave and the choir. The transepts are in length twice the width of the nave, and the whole length of the church is four times the width of the nave. The transepts have both eastern and western aisles. The simplicity of this plan is very little disturbed by external chapels or buildings, with the exception of the chapter house, and of a few chapels on the south side of the choir, to which there were formerly corresponding chapels on the north. A tower, 213 feet in height, rises in the centre, and in the centre of each side of the eastern limb of the cross one compartment of the aisles is carried up to the roof, so as to form a kind of eastern transept. There are also two western towers, each 196 feet in height; the south-west tower contains 12 bells, hung in 1843, and in the north-west tower is Great Peter,” cast by Mears, of London, at a cost of £2,000, and hung in 1845; it weighs 12 tons 14 cwt. The external length from east to west is 524 feet, the internal length 486 feet, the length of the transept from north to south. 250 feet; the choir, presbytery and Lady chapel are 222 feet in length and 120 feet high, and the nave and aisles are 264 in length. 109 wide, and 99 feet high. Architecturally the church exhibits various styles, having Early English transepts, a Decorated nave, and a choir in two portions, the eastern division being very Early Perpendicular, and the western Late Perpendicular. The central tower and the western towers are almost wholly of the Perpendicular period. The crypt, built by Archbishop Roger (1154—81) is Norman, but some portions are possibly of Saxon date. The west front is said to be “more architecturally perfect than that of any other English cathedral;” it consists of a centre and two side divisions, corresponding with the nave and aisles, and separated by buttresses, which diminish by four divisions as they ascend, and are doubled at the outer angles of the western towers; in the centre is the great western entrance, consisting of an outer arch deeply recessed, the mouldings of which contain details of exquisite delicacy, and figures representing the history of Adam and Eve, and an inner arch is subdivided by two doorways supporting a circle filled with tracery; in niche formed by a pediment, which projects above the sill of the west window, is the figure of an archbishop holding a model of the church, and said to represent Archbishop Melton (1317—1340) who completed the west front; on the other sides are statues of a Percy on the north and a Vavasour-on the south holding pieces of stone or timber in commemoration of their benefactions of these articles to the minster; near the figures are their respective shields of arms. The font in 1895 was inclosed by an elaborate wrought iron screen.

Among the tombs and monuments here to archbishops and nobles may be mentioned the tomb of Archbishop Walter de Grey (1216—55) at the east end of the south transept, one of the earliest examples of canopied tombs.

The monument of Archbishop Ludeham (1258—65), now removed from the Lady chapel, is placed directly over his grave in the eastern aisle of the south transept, between the monument of Archbishop de Grey and the memorial of the Very Rev. Augustus Duncombe D.D. dean of York, who died Jan. 26, 1880; this is an altar tomb supporting a recumbent effigy in marble under a canopy of Caen stone, designed by the late George Edmund street esq. R.A. and executed by the late Sir J. E. Boehm bart. R.A. Near the Southern pier of the great tower, under a canopied recess, is a recumbent effigy by Thorneycroft, of Archbishop Thomson, who died on Christmas day, 1890, and here also is a monumental tablet of great merit to his successor, Archbishop. Magee, who only held the see for three months in 1891. At the east end of the north aisle is a canopied tomb to Archbishop de Greenfield, ob. 1315, and an altar tomb with a recumbent effigy in marble to Dr. Beckwith. a generous benefactor to the city, who died in 1847, and in the western aisle of the north transept is an altar tomb with a recumbent figure, by Noble, to Archbishop Vernon-Harcourt, who died in 1847. A monument has been placed in the south aisle of the choir in memory of Frederick Grantham Vyner esq. of Newby Hall, Ripon, who was taken prisoner by Greek brigands in the neighbourhood of Athens on the 11th of April, 1870, and murdered by them on the 21st of the same month, aged 23. All the windows are filled with stained glass of a most magnificent description: the west window, 75 feet 6 by 32 feet, is considered one of the finest in the country, both for its great size, exquisite tracery and splendid stained glass, given in 1388 by Archbishop Melton, at a cost of 100 marks (£56 13s. 4d.), but many of the heads of the figures were restored by Peckitt, about 1747. The great east window, 77 feet high and 32 wide, also contains very fine tracery, below which, in 117 compartments, are depicted scenes and incidents ranging over the whole of Biblical history: in the western aisle of the north transept are four stained windows erected as memorials to officers and men of the 51st (Kings Own south Yorkshire Light Infantry) Regiment and the 88th (Connaught Rangers). There are also memorial tablets to other regiments. The Chapter House, to the north-east of the north transept, with which it is connected by a vestibule, is octagonal, each side flanked by buttresses, and containing a noble Decorated window; the present building has been erected at different periods upon the ruins of a former one destroyed by fire. During recent years the east end and south side of the choir, the nave pinnacles and the north-west tower have been fully restored, and the south-west tower and south front were restored in 1909.

The Archbishop’s Palace, situated at Bishopthorpe, 3 miles from York and on the river Ouse, was purchased and attached to the see by Archbishop de Grey (1216—55), but the only existing portions of the early structure are the vaulted basement, built in the early part of the 13th century and of Early English character, and the attached chapel, the windows of which are filled with modern glass by Peckitt; the palace has been enlarged and altered at various periods, the principal front and gate house were built by Archbishop Drummond (1761—76); the dining-room, added about 1660 by Archbishop Frewen, contains a series of portraits of Archbishops of York, and has a plaster ceiling; the chapel was thoroughly restored in 1892 by Archbishop Maclagan, and there are fine and extensive gardens. Visitors are allowed access on certain days on application to the housekeeper.

The Deanery, Minster Library, and Canons’ Residence are situated in the Close or Gardens on the north side of the Minster. The Deanery is a spacious mansion in the Tudor style, erected in 1827. The Library, originally a chapel of the Episcopal Palace, is an interesting edifice of the Early English period, with five stained lancets at the west end, and was repaired and adapted to its present use in 1808; it originated in the 17th century by the gift of 3,000 volumes from the widow of Archbishop Matthews, subsequently added to by Lord Fairfax, and by the library of Dr. Marmaduke Fothergill, of Skipwith; it now contains about 25,000 volumes and MSS., the latter including two York breviaries, some early Bibles and MS. of Cicero, and is open to the public on Mondays and Thursdays, from 11 to 1 o’clock. The residence of the canons residentiary is a large plain building, erected in 1825.

The Treasurer’s House, one of the most interesting of the ancient residences of York, is situated in the Minster yard, facing the Chapter House, and was originally built as a residence for the treasurer to the minster. It was occupied by various treasurers from the Conquest to the Reformation, and subsequently passed into the hands of Archbishops Heath and Young, and eventually belonged to Lord Fairfax. The basement is 13th century work, and the open timber hall mediaeval, but the greater part of the house has been altered in various styles since the time of James I. by whom it was often used; it was also occupied by His late Majesty King Edward VII. and Queen Alexandra (when Prince and Princess of Wales). The house contains a fine collection of antique furniture of various dates, and is at present owned by Frank Green esq.

Besides the cathedral there are 30 churches, and a number of chapels belonging to different denominations of Dissenters.

All saints’ Church, North street, is an ancient edifice of stone in the Early English, Decorated and Perpendicular styles, consisting of chancel with aisles, nave, aisles, north porch and an octagonal western tower of Perpendicular date, on a square base, with four buttresses on alternate sides, and a lofty spire 120 feet in height, restored in 1888 at a cost of £800: in the tower are 3 bells: the arcades are Early English, and the chancel partakes of this style: both the chancel and nave have good Perpendicular roofs, and the latter exhibits some curious carvings: the church contains a good deal of fine stained glass of the 14th and 15th centuries: one window of the north aisle includes kneeling figures of Nicholas Blakeburn, sen. lord mayor of York, and Nicholas Blakeburn, jun. lord mayor in 1429, and his wife: another window in this aisle displays in fifteen compartments the supposed events of the last fifteen days of the world, and the glass within the tracery depicts the”Reception of the Just,” and the “Rejection of the Wicked,” and in two others are representations of the corporal works of mercy with part of a supplicatory sentence, and the K Incredulity of St. Thomas;” the east window in this aisle, renovated about 1847, contains scenes from the life of Christ: the windows in the south aisle are occupied by figures of saints, the Blessed Virgin and Our Lord: the chancel retains a fine miserere and the east window represents the “Adoration of the Magi:” in the church and all on one slab are several brasses, including a large half-effigy of Thomas Atkinson, tanner, and sheriff of York, ob. 1642: an inscription to Thomas Clerk “clericus” and his wife, both deceased February 16, 1842, and three evangelistic symbols: in the exterior south wall is a richly-groined niche, much mutilated. The register of baptisms dates from the year 1577; burials and marriages, 1578. The living is a rectory, net yearly value 196, including 30 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1904 by the Rev. Patrick John Shaw MA. of New College, Oxford.

The parish of All saints, Pavement, with St. Peter the Little, was in August, 1885, united to that of St. Crux, and the three parishes are now consolidated as one, with the church of All saints as the parish church, and all rights and endowments formerly belonging to St. Crux have been transferred to the united church.

The church of All saints, Pavement, is an ancient building of stone, in the Perpendicular style, consisting of clerestoried nave of five bays, aisles, and an embattled western tower rising from within the nave, with a good octagonal lantern, and containing a clock and 4 bells: the chancel was destroyed in 1782 in order to enlarge the Market Place, and the greater part of the fabric was rebuilt in 1835 and the tower in 1837: in the exterior wall on the site of the north porch are the remains of a stoup: the pulpit dates from 1634, and there is a Perpendicular lectern (removed from St. Crux): the north door retains an original handle, with lions head scutcheon, surrounded by foliage: the stained east window was erected in 1887 by subscription, in commemoration of the Jubilee of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria: in the tower lantern a beacon light was anciently maintained at night, in order to guide travellers through the forest of Galtres, which then extended nearly to the city wall on the south-east: there are memorials to Tate Wilkinson, 1803, and J. Sanders, alderman and lord mayor in 1818, who died April 22, 1824.

The church of St. Crux, a building of the Decorated and Perpendicular styles, with a brick tower in the. Italian style, erected in 1697, was situated at the corner of Pavement and Colliergate, but in 1888 was taken down, the tower having been removed previously: in this church was buried Thomas (Percy) seventh Earl of Northumberland, beheaded at York, 22 August, 1572, and also Sir Thomas Herbert bart. of Tintern, Monmouthshire, who was bora at York, 1610, and after serving both Charles I. and Charles II. with unswerving devotion, died here 1 March, 1681—2. The registers of baptisms and burials for All saints and St. Peter’s date from 1554, and of marriages from 1555. The registers of St. Crux date from the year 1540. The united living consists of the rectories of All saints’ and St. Crux and the vicarage of St. Peter, net yearly value £276, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1896 by the Rev. John Watson M.A. of Queens’ College, Cambridge, canon residentiary and sub-dean of York Minster.

The parish of Holy Trinity, Goodramgate, includes the parishes of St. Maurice, Monkgate and St. John Delpike, both annexed to it in 1585: the church is an ancient edifice of stone, chiefly in the Decorated style, with some Perpendicular portions, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, a chantry chapel on the south side, south porch and a tower of Perpendicular date at the northwest angle, with an embattled parapet and saddleback roof, and containing 4 bells: the east window is filled with ancient stained glass of the 15th century, and contains a representation of the Holy Trinity, and figures of Our Lord, the Holy Virgin and Child, St. John the Apostle, St. John the Baptist, and a number of later saints: the window on the north side of the altar contains similar glass; and on the north side of the chancel and in the chantry chapel are windows adorned with heraldic glass, including shields of arms of England and France ancient, quarterly, and of the Mowbray, Percy, Roos and Vere families: portions of the screen which separated the chapel from the south aisle, and was destroyed about 1842, are now incorporated in some of the pews: the chancel retains a good piscina, and in the chapel is a holy water stoup: a brass inscription is recorded here to Thomas Danby, mayor, ob. 1458, and Matilda, his wife: there are 300 sittings, but divine service is not now held here.

The ancient church of St. Maurice, Monkgate, a small building of mixed styles from Norman to Perpendicular, was removed in 1874, and a new church erected in 1886 at a cost of £8,500; this is an edifice of stone in the Decorated style, consisting of chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, transepts and an embattled western tower, with crocketed pinnacles: there are several stained windows, and the church affords 700 sittings. The register of baptisms for Holy Trinity, Goodramgate, dates from 1573, and of marriages and burials from 1582; the register of baptisms for St. Maurice’s dates from 1647, and of marriages and burials from 1649. The living is a rectory and vicarage, joint net yearly value £330, with residence, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1910 by the Rev. Francis Leonard Perkins M.A. of Pembroke College, Cambridge.

The church of Holy Trinity, Micklegate, anciently belonged to the Benedictine priory of Holy Trinity or Christchurch, founded here by Ralph Pagnell in 1089, as a cell to the Abbey of St. Martin or Marmoutier (majus monasterium), near Tours in France, but it appears from Domesday book that a church of the same name existed here before the Conquest, and at the time of the survey was the property of Richard, son of Erfast: the church, which retains its original nave, is a building of stone in the Early English and later styles, consisting of chancel, nave, south aisle, north porch and an embattled tower on the north-west containing 2 bells: the south side of the tower is Early English, with an arcade and the remains of a fine arch of this period: the original choir and aisles were destroyed, but the south aisle was rebuilt in 1849, and a chancel added in 1887 at a cost of £1,857, on the site of the old central tower, which fell during a storm in 1551, but the western piers are still extant; the arcades, in part walled up on the north side are Transitional: a general restoration of the church was effected in 1902—4 at a cost of about £6,000, and stained east and west windows were inserted in 1904 and 1906: there are 500 sittings. The registers date from the year 1586. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £262, with 14 acres of glebe, and residence, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1911 by the Rev. Noel Storrs Fox M.A. of Pembroke College, Cambridge.

The parish of St. Cuthbert, Peaseholme Greeny includes the ancient parishes of St. Helen-upon-the-Walls, St. Mary, Extra Layerthorpe, and All saints’, Pease holme Green, all of which were united to it in 1585: the church of St. Cuthbert is a small edifice of stone in thee Late Perpendicular style, consisting of nave, south porch and an embattled western tower containing a bells, dated respectively 1673 and 1693: the interior has a good open timber roof 30 feet in span, coved and panelled and adorned with grotesque bosses; it is supported on corbels in the side walls, which are strengthened with good buttresses; at the east end is a crypt, and the windows contain fragments of stained glass with the royal arms of the Plantagenets, and those of the city of York, and the Neville family: there is an inscribed supplicatory brass to William Bowes, sen. Sheriff in 1400, lord mayor in 1417 and 1428, and M.P. for York in four parliaments, under Henry V. and his successors, as well as to his wife, Isabella, ob. 25 July, 1435: the church was restored in 1911 at a cost of £1,500. Roman antiquities have been met with both in the church and churchyard. The register dates from the year 1581. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £220, including 6 acres of glebe, and residence, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1910 by the Rev. Reginald Gaynesford Pyne M.A. of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

The church of St. Dionis or Denis, Walmgate, is an ancient edifice of stone, in the Transition Norman, Decorated and Perpendicular styles, but consists mainly of the chancel, with its aisles, of a fine church, the nave of which was destroyed in 1798: there is a south porch and an embattled western tower of poor design, erected about 1847, upon the Norman arches of the ancient tower, and containing an illuminated clock and 3 bells the windows contain remains of good ancient stained glass, those in the north aisle being the earliest: the east window exhibits figures of the Blessed Virgin, St. John and St. Dionis, and two shields of arms of the Scrope family, all of Perpendicular date: and in a window on the north side are portions of a Jesse tree: another contains some fine Early Decorated glass, representing “Christ in the Garden,” and “The Incredulity of St. Thomas:” and the east window of the north aisle has flowery tracery of unusual design: about 1896 four of the stained windows were restored in accordance with the original designs: the south doorway has a rich Norman arch recessed in five orders and removed here from the destroyed nave, but has been rebuilt without its shafts: in the north aisle many members of the Percy family were interred, including Henry, third Earl of Northumberland, who fell at Towton, 29 March, 1461, when leading the van of the Lancastrian army, and a large blue stone is said to mark his grave; during the erection of the modern tower several interesting monumental slabs were discovered: the church, restored in 1847, has sittings for 350 persons. The registers date from the year 1558. The living is a rectory, anciently the property of the Hospital of St. Leonard, but at the Dissolution transferred to the Crown, net yearly value £231, with residence, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1909 by the Rev. George Ernest Washer M.A. of Hatfield Hall, Durham.

The church of St. Helen, Stonegate, formerly belonging to the Priory of St. John the Baptist, at Molesby, in Lincolnshire, was, on the dissolution of that house, transferred to the Crown; it is an ancient edifice of stone, chiefly in the Decorated style, and consists of chancel, nave, aisles, west porch and an octagonal lantern belfry, with pinnacled buttresses and open traceried windows and battlements, rising from a bold gabled arch projecting over the west window, and containing 2 bells: the east window retains some glass of the Decorated and Perpendicular periods, and there are several other stained windows, and a Norman font, with bowl-shaped basin, surrounded by an arcade, the shafts of which follow the outline of the basin, and terminate in the mouldings beneath it: the original circular base is raised on an octagonal Decorated base: the organ was presented by the parishioners in 1867: the church was repaired and partly rebuilt in 1805, and restored in 1859, the exterior being renovated, and the lantern and west end rebuilt in 1876, at a cost of £1,212: there are sittings for 320 persons: the old churchyard was levelled and paved in 1745. The register dates from the year 1568. The living is a vicarage, annexed to St. Martin-le-Grand in 1910, joint net yearly value £200, including 28 acres of glebe, in the gift of the Archbishop of York and the Dean and Chapter of York alternately, and held since 1910 by the Rev. George Trundle M.A. of St. John’s College, Cambridge, and succentor of York Minster.

The church of St. John the Evangelist, Micklegate, is an ancient edifice of stone, in the Decorated and Perpendicular styles, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, south porch and a low western tower, containing 6 bells: the aisles extend along the whole length of the church, from the western angles of the tower to the end of the chancel; the arcades dividing them from the nave are probably Early English, or perhaps Transitional: the south aisle is Perpendicular, but has a Decorated doorway with a stoup: the windows retain some good ancient glass of the Late Decorated and Perpendicular periods, including shields of arms, supported by angels, representing the founders of the north chantry and families connected with them, figures of various saints, subjects from the New Testament and other figures: on the north side is a high tomb of Perpendicular date: the upper part of the tower was blown down in 1551: here was buried Sir Richard Yorke, lord mayor of York in 1469 and 1482, who was knighted at York in 1487: the church was restored in 1850, and in 1893 a stained window was placed in the north aisle: there are sittings for 440 persons. The register dates from the year 1678. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £194, derived from 160 acres of glebe and a grant of £47 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of York, and held since 1911 by the Rev. Arthur Henry Maudson M.A. of Brasenose College, Oxford.

The parish of St. Lawrence now includes that of st, Nicholas, united with and annexed to it in 1885, and an adjoining portion of the parish of Fulford was subsequently added. The old church of St. Lawrence, in Lawrence street, was a small and ancient building in the Gothic style, consisting of chancel, nave and a small embattled western tower, with pinnacles; it was nearly destroyed during the siege of 1644, and remained in ruins until 1669, when it was rebuilt, but the whole, with the exception of the tower, which stands entirely alone, has been pulled down; the lower portion of the tower is Norman, and retains a good Norman doorway. The new church, erected in 1883, at a cost of £6,315, is an edifice of stone in the Early English style, consisting of apsidal chancel, clerestoried nave with aisles, transepts and a western tower, with a lofty spire 150 feet high, both added in 1892, at a cost of £1,800, and containing a clock and 2 bells: the interior of the church was handsomely decorated in 1896: there are several stained windows, and sittings for 870 persons: in the chancel of the old church were monuments to the Yarburgh family of Heslington, and a memorial to Walter, 4th son of Sir Walter Bethell, of Alne, kt. and to Mary, daughter of Sir Henry Slingsby, kt. ob. 1686. Outside Walmgate bar are the ruins of the ancient church of St. Nicholas, destroyed in the siege of 1644: near the remains lies a tomb slab with the effigy of a priest vested, and an inscription to Sir Richard de Grimstone, parson of Stillingflete: in 1736 a gravestone was found here, inscribed to Johanna Warga, ob. 1482. The register dates from the year 1606. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £280, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of York, and held since 1910 by the Rev. Egmont Gifford Hutchings M.A. of Oriel College, Oxford.

The church of St. Margaret, Walmgate, originally belonged to the Hospital of St. Peter, in the city, and some portions of it are of considerable antiquity: it is an edifice of stone in the Decorated style, consisting of nave, north aisle, south porch and an embattled western tower, with pinnacles, containing 4 bells: the tower, which fell down in 1672, was rebuilt in 1684. principally by subscription: the Norman south doorway is a fine and remarkable work, with four orders of mouldings, overlaid with pierced work, richly carved: the outer arch exhibits the twelve signs of the zodiac, with a thirteenth zodiacal sign used only by the Anglo-Saxons: each sign is accompanied by a hieroglyphical representation of the corresponding month; beneath the zodiacal signs is a carved flower moulding: the second arch comprises twenty-two grotesque masks; the third, eighteen hieroglyphical figures; and the fourth, fifteen similar figures; the outer arch is supported by carved pillars, and the three inner ones Test upon round columns: over the door of the church is a sculptured circle surmounted by a replica of the original Early Norman crucifix, also resting upon round pedestals; this porch is altogether an exquisite work, executed probably in the 11th or 12th century, and is believed to have been brought from the Hospital of St. Nicholas, which stood without the city: there is a memorial in the chancel to S. Wormald esq. lord mayor in 1809, who died 15th Dec. 1814: the church will seat 350 persons. The registers date from the year 1558. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £215, including 13 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1909 by the Rev. Francis Arthur Mann M.A. of Durham University, and chaplain to York Union.

The parish of St. Martin-le-Grand was united with that of St. Helen in 1910; the first named is of very ancient date, as appears from the Domesday survey, where it is noticed as follows:-“Gospatric habet ecclesiam Sancti Martini in Conyng streete.” The present church, in the same thoroughfare, now called “Coney” street, is a good example of the Late Perpendicular style, consisting of continuous chancel and nave of six bays with clerestory, aisles, south porch and an embattled tower with crocketed pinnacles, at the west end of the south aisle, containing a clock and a fine peal of 8 bells: the roofs of the north and south aisles have flat ceilings, divided into panels by moulded ribs, with carved bosses of pomegranates, angels, and grotesque heads, enriched with foliage: the windows contain some good stained glass, chiefly dating from about 1430; the large west window illustrates the life of St. Martin, and includes a figure of the saint in archiepiscopal robes; it appears from a mutilated inscription at the foot to have been erected in 1437 by Robert Semer, then vicar, whose kneeling figure is represented in one compartment; in the remaining windows, which are all on the south side, are figures of the Blessed Virgin and various saints, the four greater prophets suffering persecutions, the evangelists, the four doctors of the church-Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome and Gregory, and shields of arms of St. Edward, St. Oswald, St. Peter, St. William, Walter Skyrlaw, bishop of Lichfield, and Bath and Wells (ob. 1405), and the arms of England, London and York; there are also imperfect inscriptions at the bottom of the clerestory windows: the stained glass of the east window was removed to the minster in 1772: in the church is a brass, with half-effigy, to Christopher Harington, goldsmith, ob. 1614, and one with inscription 0 Thomas Colthurst, gent. ob. 1588, and Katherine (Ainslie), his wife: there is also a handsome monument, with busts and a shield of arms to Sir William Sheffield kt. ob. 31st July, 1633, and Elizabeth (Darley), his wife, with other memorials: the interior and parts of the exterior of the church were repaired about 1855, at a cost of £400, and in 1872 the church was restored at a cost of £3,600: there are 400 sittings. The register dates from the year 1557. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value, with St. Helen, £200, including 36 ½ acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of York and the Archbishop of York alternately, and held since 1900 by the Rev. George Trundle M.A. of St. John’s College, Cambridge, and succentor of York Minster.

St. Martin-cum-Gregory, Micklegate, is an ancient building of brick and stone, in mixed styles, consisting of chancel with aisles, clerestoried nave, aisles, south porch and an embattled western brick tower, containing an illuminated clock and 2 bells: the chancel is Perpendicular and the clerestory and nave roof are of the same period, but two arches of the arcades on either side are Early English: the windows, Decorated and Perpendicular, contain remains of very fine Decorated glass, but much mutilated, with representations of St. Martin dividing his Cloak with the Beggar, the Incredulity of St. Thomas, the Resurrection and Our Lord with Mary Magdalene, besides several saints: there is also some very inferior modern glass to W. Peckitt, a glass stainer of this city, who died 14th Oct. 1795, and Anne, his wife: the monuments include one to T. Carter, alderman and lord mayor, who died 28th. Nov. 1686: in the exterior north wall is a child’s gravestone of the 14th century, incised with a cross, and in the west wall a rudely carved stone with figures of a man, woman and child, assumed to be Roman work: the church was partly rebuilt in 1677 and the upper part of the tower in 1845; the fabric was partially restored in 1875, at a cost of about £1,000, and an organ was erected in 1891 at a cost of £325, and there are 306 sittings. The register dates from the year 1539. The livings were united in 1585 and constitute a rectory, net yearly value £214, including 243 acres of glebe and residence, in the gift of trustees, and held since 1883 by the Rev. Edward Bulmer M.A. of University College, Durham.

St. Mary Bishophill, senior, with St. Clement (united to it in 1588) and St. Mary Bishophill, junior, form two separate parishes; the former, a rectory, was anciently held by the canons of the Abbey of Helaugh and the families of Percy, Vavasour and Scrope; the latter is a vicarage. By an Order in Council, dated 28th Aug. 1885, a detached part of St. Mary Bishophill, junior, was ecclesiastically annexed to St. Mary Bishophill, senior, and subsequently, a portion of the latter parish, together with the church, was annexed to St. Mary Bishophill, junior, the revenues of St. Mary Bishophill, senior, being transferred to the parish of St. Clement, at The Mount.

The Church, of St. Mary Bishophill, junior, now the parish church, of the united parishes, is an ancient edifice of stone, consisting of chancel with north aisle, nave of two bays, south porch and an embattled western tower, containing 2 bells: the tower is probably the earliest piece of church architecture now existing in York; the lower portion, which exhibits herring-bone masonry, in perhaps Saxon; the work incorporates bricks or tiles of Roman form, and sculptured stones of Norman data are built in on the inside, while the exterior contains bricks of a Flemish shape, not used before the 13th century: the corbels in the tower appear to be of the 15th century: the belfry windows are rude openings of two arches: the north arcade is Norman, but the south arcade has Decorated arches, carried on a central Norman pillar: the church retains some richly incised monumental slabs and fragments of stained glass of Perpendicular character, and in the chancel is a memorial to the Rev. R. Stockdale M.A. vicar, died Jan. 1780: there were formerly some brasses, but only the matrices now exist: the church affords 310 sittings. The register of St. Mary, senior, dates from 1598, and that of St. Mary, junior, from 1602. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £290, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of York, and held since 1906 by the Rev. Benjamin Ward Wood M.A. of Sidney-Sussex College, Cambridge.

The church of St. Mary Bishophill, senior, formerly the parish church, but now a chapel of ease to St. Mary Bishophill, junior, is an edifice of brick and stone in the Early English and Decorated styles, consisting of nave of four bays, north aisle, south porch and an embattled western tower erected, in 1659, upon the old walls at the end of the north aisle, and containing 6 bells: the south doorway is good Transition Norman, and the walls chiefly Early English: in the south wall is an early gravestone, carved with reticulated ornament in the Runic style; the ancient altar slab has been converted into a gravestone, and bears the date 1699, but the consecration crosses remain: the windows retain some fragments of ancient glass of Early English character, and there are numerous monuments, including one to Alathea Fairfax, d. 1744, and another to Elias Pawson esq. alderman and lord mayor in 1704, who died 5th Jan. 1715: there are 300 sittings.

The church of St. Mary, Castlegate, is a building of stone in the Transition Norman, Early English and Later styles, consisting of chancel with north chapel, nave of three bays, aisles and a western tower with spire, containing 3 bells: the lower stage of the tower is square and embattled: the upper storey is octagonal and lofty, and from this springs an octagonal spire, rising to a height of 154 feet; at the north-west angle of the tower is an octagonal staircase, and in the north-west wall of the church are several arches, probably indicating places of sepulture: some of the seats retain misereres and portions of oak carving, probably once belonging to the rood screen; there are also pews of Elizabethan date: the east window is stained and there are fragments of ancient glass, including heads of Our Lord and the Blessed Virgin, and several monograms: the font dates from the reign of Charles II. and has a cover of wood and iron work: the church was restored in 1870 by the Very Rev. Augustus Duncombe D.D. dean of York, and a new organ was placed in 1892: there are sittings for 500 persons. The registers date from the year 1604. The living is a rectory, annexed in 1885 to that of St. Michael, Spurriergate, joint net yearly value £222, and residence, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1899 by the Rev. William Oliver Fitzhardinge Campbell.

The parish of St. Michael-le-Belfrey with St. Wilfrid now includes, for ecclesiastical purposes, the liberty of Mint Yard, formerly extra-parochial, but annexed to this parish 26th Aug. 1879. The church of St. Michael, between the Minster and High Petergate, and one of the largest and finest churches in the city, is an edifice of stone, in the Late Perpendicular style, said to have been founded in 1066 and re-built in 1535—45, and consists of chancel, nave of six bays, aisles extending the whole length of the church, and a western bell-cote added about 1855 and containing one bell: the windows contain good stained glass of the 14th. 15th and 16th centuries; the east window illustrates the life of Christ and the remaining windows chiefly contain figures of saints, some of these having allusive arms below them; in the later glass the badge of Cardinal Wolsey occurs; the interior was re-arranged and a chancel built in 1884: in 1892 much of the external stone work was restored at a cost of £1,200, and in 1908 further restoration was effected at a cost of £1,300; the communion plate, which is very handsome, dates from 1558; there are 750 sittings. The church of St. Wilfrid was taken, down long since. The register dates from the year 1565. Under the heading of baptisms the following entry appears;-“Guye fawxe, sone to Edward fawse the xxi day of Aprile” (1570); this is the Guy Fawkes of Gunpowder Plot notoriety. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £300, including 16 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of York, and held since 1908 by the Rev. George Herbert stock B.A. of Darham University.

St. Michael, Spurriergate, given by William the Norman to St. Mary’s Abbey, is a plain building of stone in the Perpendicular style, and consists of chancel, nave, aisles and an embattled western tower containing an illuminated clock and a peal of 6 bells: the west end is built of gritstone, of which there are some blocks of extraordinary size: the sides towards Ousegate and Spurriergate were rebuilt in 1822, on the erection of the present Ouse Bridge, when the nave was considerably shortened and has now only three bays and a half: there is a brass to William Hancok, apothecary, ob. 1435, and Elene, his wife ob. 1470, and another, with chalice, to William Langton, rector, ob. 1466, and a third, of the 15th century, to William Wilson; on the south side is a memorial to J. Wood, lord mayor, d. 9th Jan. 1704: the windows contain some good Perpendicular stained glass: the curfew is still tolled here every evening at eight o’clock: the church will seat 230 persons. The registers date from the year 1598. The living is a rectory, annexed in 1885 to St. Mary, Castlegate, joint net yearly value 222, with residence, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1899 by the Rev. William Oliver Fitzhardinge Campbell.

St. Olave, Marygate, is said to be, with the exception of the cathedral, the oldest ecclesiastical foundation in the city, and was the original Conventual church of the monks who afterwards built St. Mary’s Abbey, with the materials of which the south wall of the church was rebuilt in 1708: the church is an edifice of stone in the Late Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles and a western tower with pinnacles, containing 6 bells: the chancel was built in 1879, at a cost of £1,100, and rebuilt in 1908, together with a side chapel and two new vestries, at a cost of £3,000: the east window is filled with very fine ancient stained glass; there is a memorial window to William Etty R.A. and J. Phillips esq. one erected in 1892 by G. Crawhall esq. of Burton Croft, to his wife, and one to Rev. William C. Hey M.A. vicar 1883—92: a new organ was provided in 1907 at a cost of £1,600: the tower, dating from about 1500, was restored about 1888: the roof was repaired in 1888—9 at a cost of £900, and a new vestry added in 1899: the church was repewed in 1854, and in 1908 a scheme of extension and improvement was carried out under the direction of Mr. J. Francis Doyle, of Liverpool, at a total cost of about £3,000: there are about 620 sittings. William Etty R.A. who died at York, 13th Nov. 1849, is buried in the churchyard. The register dates from the year 1534. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £300, with residence, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1905 by the Rev. Charles Carlyle Bell M.A. of Keble College, Oxford. The parish rooms, Sunday school and churchmen’s club were erected in 1893—4 in Marygate lane, at a cost of £1,700, the foundation stone being laid by the Bishop of Beverley, July, 1893.

The parish of St. Sampsons now includes the adjoining parish of Holy Trinity, Kings Court, united to it by an Order in Council, in July, 1886. The church of St. Sampson, in Church street, which has been constituted the parish church of the united parishes, was rebuilt, with the exception of the tower, in 1845, and is now an edifice in the Perpendicular style, consisting of quasi chancel, nave of six bays, aisles and a western tower of Perpendicular date, containing 2 bells: in 1910 the tower was restored at a cost of £2,000, and the belfry, which had been demolished in 1846, was rebuilt: the chancel is formed by inclosing two bays at the east end with screen work and raising that portion of the floor by three steps: there is also a screen at the west end: the stained east window, placed in 1906, is a memorial to the Rev. William Haworth. vicar 1872—1904, and there are others: the organ Was erected by subscription in 1866: near the south door is a stoup, and there is a beautiful, though mutilated, niche in the north aisle: the church was renovated during the period of 1876—87 at a cost of £816, and in 1905 the side chapel was restored and a reredos erected.

The church of Holy Trinity, Kings Court, is a plain but ancient building of stone, chiefly in the Decorated style, and consisting of clerestoried nave, aisles, south porch and an embattled tower with pinnacles, containing a clock and 6 bells: the chancel was destroyed about 1840, in order to widen the street, and there was formerly chapel on the north side: the clerestory and roof are Late Perpendicular; the south doorway has a trefoilheaded niche on either side, with elegant crocketed hood moulding and finial: the church was entirely rebuilt, with the exception of the east wall, in 1860, and has 700 sittings, but since the union of this parish with St. Sampson’s it has been closed. The register of St. Sampson’s dates from the year 1640, and that of Holy Trinity from 1616. The consolidated living is a vicarage, net yearly value £156, including 62 acres of glebe, in the gift of the sub-chanter and College of the Vicars Choral of York Minster for two turns, and the Master of Well Hospital for one turn, and held since 1904 by the Rev. Richard Oliver Hutchinson M.A. of Jesus College, Cambridge, and vicar choral of York Minster.

The parish of St. Saviour includes those of St. John, Hungate, and St. Andrew, united to it in 1585. The church, in St. Saviourgate and Hungate, was erected in 1363, and is chiefly in the Perpendicular style, consisting of chancel, nave of five bays, aisles, north porch and a small embattled western tower, containing 2 bells: the windows contain some ancient stained glass, representing scenes in the life of Our Lord and including a figure of St. Anthony; the glass in the east window was rearranged in 1801: the church was restored and reseated in 1844, and will seat 500 persons. The register dates from the year 1567. The living was given by William the Norman to Whitby Abbey, but at the Dissolution came to the Crown; it is a rectory, net yearly value £200, with residence, in the gift of William Watson esq. of Ashton-under-Lyne, and held since 1911 by the Rev. Edward Charnock Smith M.A. of St. Peter’s College, Cambridge.

St. Clement's is an ancient ecclesiastical parish, united to that of St. Mary Bishophill, senior. The church, in Scarcroft road, erected in the year 1874, at a cost of £4,017, is of red brick with stone dressings, in the Gothic style, and consists of chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles, vestry and organ chamber, and a turret containing one bell: the stained east window was presented by George Wilson esq. in memory of his wife: there are 580 sittings. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £330, including 53 acres of glebe, and residence, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1871 by the Rev. George Marsham Argles M.A. of Balliol College, Oxford, and canon of York.

St. Paul’s is an ecclesiastical parish formed in 1856 out of St. Mary Bishophill, junior. The church, in Holgate road, erected in 1850—1, is a modern building of stone, in the Early English style, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, west porch and a western turret, containing one bell: in 1874 the church was enlarged by the addition of a western gallery, and further enlarged in 1891, by the erection of a chancel and vestries, at a cost of £850, it will now seat 750 persons, 300 sittings being free. The register dates from the year 1851. The living is a rectory, net yearly value £350, with residence, in the gift of trustees, and held since 1901 by the Rev. John Topham.

St. Barnabas’ is an ecclesiastical parish, formed by Order in Council, gazetted 5th March, 1912, from St. Paul, Holgate road. The church, in Jubilee terrace, Leeman road, erected in 1903, at a cost of £4,000, is a plain structure of red brick, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles, and a turret containing one bell: there is a good organ, provided at a cost of £350: the pews and most of the internal fittings were made by members of the congregation: the stained east window is a memorial to Mrs. R. F. Dunnell: the church affords 466 sittings. The register dates from the year 1912. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £150, in the gift of the Church Pastoral Aid society, and held since 1912 by the Rev. Herbert Gilgryst L.Th. of Durham University.

SS. Philip and James, CLIFTON, is an ecclesiastical parish, formed in 1871 from St. Olave, Marygate, and St. Michael-le-Belfrey: the church, erected by subscription in 1867, is a building of stone in the Early English style, consisting of chancel, clerestoried nave, north and south transepts, north porch and a lofty western tower, containing a clock and 6 bells: a new organ was provided in 1908 at a cost of £500: the east window is stained, and there are 496 sittings The register dates from the year 1872. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £286, with residence, in the gift of trustees; and held since 1900 by the Rev. Charles Thomas Alexander M.A. of Christ’s College, Cambridge, and chaplain-of the North Riding Asylum, Clifton.

St. Thomas’s is an ecclesiastical parish, formed in 1855 from the parishes of Huntington, St. Michael-le-Belfrey, Holy Trinity, Goodramgate, and St. Olave, Marygate. The church, in Lowther street, Groves, erected in 1854, is a building of stone in the Early English style, consisting of nave, transepts and a western turret, containing 2 bells: there are 560 sittings, more than half of which are free. The register dates from the year 1855. The living is a vicarage, gross yearly value £280, with residence, in the gift of the Archbishop of York, and held since 1903 by the Rev. James Charles Walker M.A. of St. Catharine’s College, Cambridge.

St. Luke’s church, in Burton stone lane, is attached to St. Olave’s; the church, erected in 1902, at a cost of £2,200, now a district church to St. Olave’s, is a structure of red brick consisting of nave only, and has 300 sittings. The Rev. Arthur John Wade-Gery B.A. of University College, Oxford, is curate in charge.

Holy Trinity, HEWORTH. was formed into an ecclesiastical parish June 7th. 1870, out of the parishes of St. Saviour, St. Cuthbert and St. Olave, Marygate. The church, erected in 1868 and consecrated in 1869, is a substantial building of stone in the Early Decorated style, consisting, of chancel, nave, transepts and a tower at the north-east angle with spire, and containing a clock and two bells: there are three stained windows, and the church affords 500 sittings, 300 being free. The register dates from the year 1868. The living is a vicarage, net yearly value £288, with residence, in the gift of trustees, and held since 1908 by the Rev. Albert Victor Jones M.A. of Trinity College, Dublin.

York is within the Catholic diocese of Middlesbrough.

St. Wilfrid’s Catholic church, in Duncombe place, opened in 1864, is a building in the Gothic style, consisting of chancel, clerestoried nave, aisles and a western tower 147 feet in height: the stained windows over the high altar represent St. Wilfrid, Bishop of York; St. Paulinus, founder of the see of York; St. Augustine, King Edwin, St. Oswald and St. John of Beverley, archbishop of York; beneath are five beautiful mural paintings, representing the Annunciation, Birth. Crucifixion, Resurrection and Ascension of Our Lord: there are several side chapels and shrines, and in the nave is a medallion bust to the late Very Rev. Joseph Render D.D. Provost: the interior is highly decorated throughout, and will seat about 600.

St. George’s Catholic church, in George street, erected in 1849, is an edifice of stone, consisting of chancel, nave, aisles and a western bell-turret with 2 bells: the east window is stained, and the church will seat about 600 persons. There is a House of Charity in Fishergate, connected with this church, for the relief of the poor and for the care of the young, under the direction of the sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul. The present building was opened in May, 1896, by Lord Herries, for the purpose of giving parents who have outdoor occupations the means of placing their children in safe keeping during the day, and is open to all without distinction of creed. There is a nunnery of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Blossom street, founded in 1686, with an attached chapel and a convent in Lawrence street, for the sisters of the order of Poor Clares or Minoresses.

The Catholic Church of the English Martyrs, Blossom street, is held in the upper storey of a building erected in 1885, and intended hereafter to be used entirely for schools, to which purpose the spacious room below is already devoted.

The English Presbyterian church, Priory street, built in 1879, at a cost of £6,000, is an edifice of white brick, and will seat 850 persons.

The Unitarian chapel, formerly the Presbyterian church, St. Saviourgate, is a plain edifice of brick, erected in 1693, principally by Lady Hewley, and will seat 300.

The society of Friends’ meeting house, in Clifford street, originally erected in 1718, is a spacious building, the front of which was rebuilt in 1885 in the French Renaissance style of the 17th century.

The Baptist chapel, Priory street, Micklegate, erected in 1867, under the superintendence of William Peechey esq. of Darlington, architect, at a cost of £3,500, is a building of stone, in the Early Decorated style, consisting of nave, aisles and transepts and a buttressed tower, 60 feet in height, containing the staircases to the galleries: the chapel was re-decorated in 1901, and will seat 700 persons. The lecture room and schools are in the rear of the chapel.

Salem Congregational chapel, St. Saviour place, erected in 1830, at a cost of £5,000, is an edifice of brick with an open arcaded stone portico, and is capable of seating 1,300 persons. The Congregational chapel. Lendal, is a plain structure of red brick, erected in 1816, at a cost of £4,200, and has sittings for 800 persons.

Trinity United Methodist chapel, Peckitt street, opened 27th June, 1856, is an edifice of red and white brick with stone dressings in the Byzantine style, with a clerestory and arcades of six arches on each side. The chapel contains 800 sittings, 300 of which are free.

The United Methodist chapel, in Goodramgate, near Monk bar, erected in 1858—9, is an edifice of brick with stone dressings, and will seat 700.

The Centenary Wesleyan chapel, St. Saviourgate, erected in 1839—40 to commemorate the Centenary of Wesleyan Methodism, is a building in the Classic style, with four columns of the Doric order: in 1906 alterations were made at a cost of £2,350; it will seat 1,250 persons. Southlands Wesleyan chapel, Bishopthorpe road, erected in 1887, at a cost of £6,400, is an edifice of white brick with red brick dressings, and will seat 700 persons. The Wesleyan chapel, in Heworth. is a small building, erected in 1826 and enlarged about 1901. Wesley chapel, in Priory street, erected in 1856, at a cost, including a day school, of £15,000, is a substantial building of red brick, and will seat 1,300 persons. Groves Wesleyan chapel, Clarence street, opened in 1884, has 800 sittings, and there is a chapel in Melbourne street, opened in 1877, in the Italian style, with a tower containing a clock: the chapel will seat 1,200 persons: in connection with the chapel, lecture and recreation rooms were opened in Aug. 1905, at a cost of £1,400.

There is a Primitive Methodist chapel in Victor street, erected in 1879, with 930 sittings, and one in Apollo street, built in 1869, with sittings for 250 persons, and one in Monkgate, erected, in 1902, will seat 750 persons.

The Brethren have a meeting room in St. Saviourgate.

There are salvation Army “barracks” in Gillygate, erected in 1882, and holding 2,500 persons, and others in North street.

The Cemetery, opened in 1837, is on the north-east side of the Fulford Road, half-a-mile east of the city; it is 24 acres in extent, and has a double mortuary chapel with one bell, one portion of which serves for the Established Church, and the other for Catholics and Dissenters; the chaplain has a stipend of £100; the cemetery is the property of a company.

The Friends’ burial ground on Bishop hill, one acre in extent, is now closed, but another of two acres, at The Retreat, in Heslington road, was opened in 1855; in the former lies buried Lindley Murray, the grammarian, who died Feb. 16, 1826; between the railway stations is a burial ground, used during the visitation of the cholera in 1832.

The Mansion House, in Coney street, erected in 1725, and, together with its furniture, the property of the corporation, is the official residence of the Lord Mayor of York during his mayoralty; the front has a rusticated basement, and is relieved by four pilasters of the Ionic order, supporting a pediment adorned with the city arms. The state room, which occupies the entire breadth of the front, has the royal arms and those of the city above the fireplaces, and there is a full-length portrait of William III. originally presented in 1757 by Charles, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham K.G. to the Rockingham Club in York, and placed here 3rd Feb. 1783: there are other portraits of George II. also presented by Lord Rockingham; George IV. presented by him when Prince Regent, June 4, 1811; the Marquess of Rockingham K.G. presented by Earl Fitzwilliam in 1783; James (Stuart) Duke of Richmond K.G.; Lawrence, 2nd Baron Dundas, painted in 1822 by J. Jackson R.A.; Robert (Benson) Baron Bingley, sometime M.P. for York, and Lord Mayor in 1707; Sir John Lister Kaye bart. M.P. for York in 1734, and Lord Mayor in 1737; Sir W. Mordaunt Milner bart. by Hoppner; Francis Drake, the historian; George Hudson, the “Railway King,” Lord Mayor of the city in 1838 and 1839, and George Leeman, three times Lord Mayor and also M.P. for York.

The Corporation Insignia include a great mace of silver-gilt, 3 feet 8 inches in length and weighing 192 ozs. with symbolical representations of the Virtues in the panels of the head, and knops of projecting leaf-work on the shaft; it dates from 1647, but has had some alterations made about 1660. There are also two state swords; the earliest and by far the more interesting originally belonged to Sigismund, Emperor of Germany and King of the Romans (1411—37), and was brought to England by him on his visit in 1416, and on his being installed as a Knight of the Garter at Windsor, was left in St. George’s chapel according to custom; after his death it became the property of the Dean and Chapter, and eventually passed into the hands of Henry Hanslap, one of the canons, who in 1439 presented it to his native city of York; the scabbard, of deep crimson velvet, retains the original and beautifully executed mountings of silver-gilt, including on and side six heraldic wyverast, gradually diminishing in size towards the top. The other sword dates from the early part of the 16th century, and was presented, as appears from an inscription on the blade, by Sir Martin Bowes kt, a native of York, and Lord Mayor of London in 1545; the pommel is of crystal, mounted in silver-gilt, the quillons jewelled, and the sides of the hilt are ornamented with varying designs; the scabbard is covered with velvet, silver-mounted, and has five diamonds or crystals set in each of the two escutcheons on either side; the Corporation also possesses a cap of maintenance dating from 1579, and replacing the cap originally given by Bichard II. in 1389. The mayoral chain was presented by Sir St. Walker, alderman, in 1603.

The Guildhall, a building in the Perpendicular style, stands behind the Mansion House, and is approached through a gateway, which forms part of the front of that building; it was erected by the mayor and commonalty, in concert with the master and brethren of the Guild of St. Christopher, in 1446, and the original charter authorizing its erection is still among the old records of the corporation; at the Beformation this society was dissolved, and its property, including the Guildhall, granted to the mayor and commonalty of the city; the hall is 96 feet in length by 43 wide, and is divided into a nave and aisles by arcades of octagonal oak columns, supporting an open timber roof. The large painting, once over the entrance, of Paul pleading before King Agrippa, painted by Bichard Marsden, and presented by the Rev. Thomas Henry Lane-Fox, son of James Lane-Fox esq. of Bramham Park, in this county, in 1852, in memory of the former connection of his family with this city, is now deposited in the Exhibition building, also the property of the corporation; above the entrance to the hall is a memorial window presented by Mr. Alderman Leeman in commemoration of the visit of H.R.H. the Prince Consort to the city in the year 1851, and unveiled by His late Majesty King Edward VII. then Prince of Wales, 10th Aug. 1866; thirteen other stained windows have since been inserted, two of which were erected by public subscription to Alderman Meek and Alderman Clark respectively, the others were given by Alderman Sir James Meek kt. B. Farrar esq. Thomas Cabry esq. B. A. Clark esq. Alderman Walker, J. J. Hunt esq. Mrs. Walker, J. P. Bulmer esq. and W. P. Richardson esq.; the subjects depicted are historical events connected with the city. The hall contains a memorial of stone and marble to Her late Majesty Queen Victoria, erected by public subscription, and a massive silver bell, taken from the Great Pagoda at Rangoon, at the storming of that city in April, 1852, and presented by the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the 51st Kings Own Light Infantry, or south Yorkshire Regiment; it was placed in the hall in July, 1855. The walls are ornamented with a collection of old muskets, bayonets and other arms, which at the beginning of the nineteenth century belonged to the City Volunteers, and here also has been placed a roll of honour to natives of the city who volunteered in the late Boer war, containing the names of nearly 200 officers and men. The assizes, quarter sessions, petty sessions, and court of record for the city, also the county court, were all formerly held here; the assizes are still formally opened in the hall, but are held at the Castle; the quarter sessions, court of record, county court and petty sessions are held at the New Law Courts, in Clifford street.

The New Council Chamber and Municipal Offices adjoin the Guildhall, and were built in 1891 from designs by Mr. E. G. Mawbey, city surveyor, and his successor, Mr. Alfred Creer; the style is in keeping with the Guildhall, and similar stone has been used in its construction; the council chamber is 50 feet by 33 feet and 20 feet high; a traceried and carved oak panelled dado is earned round the room, and a stone balcony runs along the whole length of the river frontage; all the officers of the corporation have their offices in or adjoining the building. The cost, including the site and furniture, amounted to about £18,500.

The Courts of Justice, in Clifford street, opened in 1892, were erected, at a cost of about £25,000, from the designs of Mr. Huon A. Matear, architect, of Liverpool, the foundation stone having been laid by H.R.H. the late Duke of Clarence and Avondale on the 16th of July, 1890; the building is of red brick with stone dressings, the principal front of two storeys having octagonal turrets at the angles, and in the centre a pedimented gable of three storeys, surmounted by a tower in the centre, containing a clock with four dials; the sessions Court has an area of 1,800 square feet, and the Police Court an area of 1,200 square feet; the Education Committee have their offices on the first floor, and the City Police and Fire Brigade stations and the Weights and Measures Office are also here.

The Judges’ Residence, in Lendal, was purchased by the county in 1806.

The Police station and Fire Brigade station, in Low Friargate, form portions of the new buildings erected in Clifford street for the Courts of Justice.

The Post and Telegraph Office, in Lendal, erected in 1884, is a structure of brick with stone dressings in the Tudor style.

The Inland Revenue and stamp and Tax Office is in Minster yard.

The District Probate Registry, in Duncombe place, was erected by Government in 1885, on a site given by the Corporation, and here are kept the testamentary records of the old Prerogative and Exchequer courts of York, the documents preserved including copies of wills from 1389, and original wills from 1578; the Probate and Administration Act books begin at 1514. The records of the Dean and Chapter (except testamentary documents) are in the custody of the Chapter clerk.

In Duncombe place is a monument, erected in 1905, in memory of the sailors and soldiers of the county of York who fell in the south African War, 1899—1902.

Banks.-There are nine banks, viz.: Messrs. Beckett and Co.’s, 45 Coney street; National Provincial Bank of England Limited, Spurriergate; Barclay and Company Limited (York Union Bank), 1 Parliament street; London City and Midland Bank Limited (formerly the Yorkshire Bank), High Ousegate; London Joint stock Bank Limited, 13 Parliament street; Union of London and Smiths Bank Limited, 48 Coney street; the United Counties Bank Limited (formerly Bradford Old Bank Limited), Blake street; savings Bank, in St. Helen’s square and a branch of the Yorkshire Penny Bank Limited at 32 Coney street.

The Merchant Taylors’ Company, a corporation of great antiquity, is now constituted under a charter of Charles II.; the hall, in Aldwark, is a structure of red brick, dating from the 15th century, occasionally used by the company, but part is now let to the Catholic Apostolic Church; Henry Walter Badger B.A, clerk to the company. The master is elected annually on the 24th of June. There are four almshouses, erected in 1730, for four poor brothers or sisters of Merchant Taylors.

The De Grey Booms, in St. Leonard’s place, erected in 1841, are the property of a joint stock company, and used for public meetings and entertainments.

The Freemasons’ Hall is a stone building, in Duncombe place, and there is another Masonic Hall in St. Saviourgate, The Museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical society, established in 1823 in a hired house, is now located in a building erected on a site within what were the grounds of St. Mary’s Abbey. The first stone was laid October 24, 1827, and the building, designed by W. Wilkins B.A. architect, was opened February 22, 1830. The principal front in 200 feet in length, relieved by a portico, with four columns of the Grecian Doric order, supporting a pediment; on the right of the entrance hall is the library, and on the left the council-room and the staircase leading to the rooms above; in the centre is the entrance to the theatre or lecture-room, on the sides and at the end of which are rooms for the mineral, geological, zoological, and ornithological collections. A new lecture theatre was added in 1912 at a cost of over £6,000. Beneath. the theatre, is an architectural museum. The collections of antiquities now preserved in the guest hall of the abbey are especially good. The geological collection, the bulk of which was presented by the late Mr. W. Reed F.G.S. is one of the finest in the country. The contents of the museum include Saxon, Roman, Norman and Mediaeval relics as well as some of Egyptian and Assyrian times; the examples of the Romano-British period comprise tesselated pavements, and British and Roman pottery and tiles, besides an interesting series of sepulchral tablets and several altars with inscriptions denoting their erection by members of the Roman Legions (probably the sixth and Ninth) which occupied the city; there are, in addition, personal ornaments, armlets, necklaces, fibulae and Tings, and examples of Roman coin moulds of hardened clay discovered at Lingwell gate, Wakefield, and there are other objects discovered in and around the Roman city of Eboracum; among the Mediaeval exhibits is the mortar of the infirmary of the Abbey of St. Mary, a two-handled vessel of bell-metal, weighing 76 pounds, having an inscription on the rim and another at the base with the date A.D. MOCCVIII. The museum also contains some early tapestry woven in 1578, and representing a map of Warwickshire and the country adjacent. This tapestry is said to have belonged to George Simon, 2nd Earl Harcourt, at whose death, in 1809, it became the property of the Most Rev. and Hon. Edward V. Vernon Harcourt, Archbishop of York, by whom it was presented in 1827 to the Philosophical society.

On the right of the entrance into the grounds, from Museum street, are the remains of St. Leonard's hospital, said to have been first founded by King Athelstan in 836. Several grants were made to it by the Norman kings, and Stephen rebuilt it, dedicating it to St. Leonard; it subsequently became, a house of Austin canons, or hospitallers living with the secular clergy under that rule, who were succeeded by the vicars choral of the minster; the principal remains consist of the ambulatory or cloister, and the chapel of the infirmary, an Early English work of the 13th century; within the ruins are preserved a number of Roman sarcophagi and other monumental relics. Adjoining the hospital is a portion of the old city wall, at the end of which, toward the north-west, is the Multangular tower already referred to.

The rums of the Benedictine abbey of St. Mary occupy the site of an earlier monastery, or church, partly erected by Siward, king of Northumbria, about 1050 and dedicated to St. Olave, or Olaf, but still unfinished at the time of the Conquest; it was subsequently re-founded by Alan, son-in-law of the Conqueror and Earl of Richmond, about 1080, and on the visit here of William Rufus, in 1088, he laid the foundation of a new church, and dedicated it to St. Mary. In 1137 a large part of the convent was destroyed by fire, but in 1270 Simon de Warwick, 10th abbot, begun the erection of the church, the ruins of which still remain, and the whole work was completed about 1294. This magnificent structure, when perfect, was 371 feet-in length and 60 feet wide, and consisted of a choir and nave, each of eight bays, transepts with eastern aisles or chapels, a central tower and a sacristry on the north side of the south transept: the existing portions, comprising chiefly a part of the west front, the north side of the nave and piers of the central tower, are very late Early English or Early Decorated of peculiarly graceful character, the nave wall retaining eight beautiful windows, beneath which runs a continuous arcading: the west front is equally fine: south of the nave were the cloisters, the foundations of which are still traceable, and fragments of some of the buildings surrounding the cloister garth remain; these include on the east side, one of the piers of the entrance to the chapter-house, of Late Norman date; on the south side, the cellarage of the frater (refectory), and on the west, the substructure of the guest house: in the lower part of the gardens and near the river is the lower guest hall, with a stone basement of the 14th century, anciently a refectory, and a timber-framed upper storey or dormitory of the 15th century; the building now serves as a museum of antiquities and contains a large collection of British, Romano-British and Roman remains found in York and the neighbourhood, together with many fragments recovered from the site of the abbey: to the north of the church is the gate-house, the Norman archway of which forms the entrance to the grounds from Marygate: the lower portion of the gate-house, now a private residence, is supposed to have been the prison of the abbey; the upper floor, Late Perpendicular, was the abbot's court room: the abbey stood without the city walls, but its precinct was inclosed at first by earthworks and subsequently by a fortified stone wall, erected by Abbot Simon, which extended from Bootham bar to the still existing tower at the corner of Marygate, and thence to the river; the city rampart bounded the area on the east, and the circumference of the whole was nearly three-quarters of a mile: a great part of this wall, with its entrance gateways, is still extant: the abbey was surrendered to the Crown, Nov. 26, 1539, by William Thornton, 2sth and last abbot, who obtained a pension of 400 marks (£266 13s. 4d.) yearly, and there were then 50 monks, with a net yearly revenue of £1,650: the arms of the abbey were, “az. on a cross, gu. a bezant charged with the demi-figure of a king crowned and holding a sceptre; in the first quarter a key;” the buildings and precinct were at first retained by the king, and a portion of the former, extending from the south transept to the wall of the close, was converted into a royal palace and became the residence of the Lords President of the Council of the North. instituted in 1537 for the suppression of the Pilgrimage of Grace: in 1826 the greater part of the site was acquired from the Crown by the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, who in 1864 obtained the lease of an additional portion of the close, and since then have gained possession, by exchange, of the site of the choir.

Near the museum, on the south-west, is a small observatory, and attached to the gardens are baths (including a large open air swimming bath), also belonging to the society and let on lease; the entrance to these is in Marygate: the grounds, which contain many valuable trees, plants and shrubs, are in part laid out for the study of botanical science, and owing to the objects of interest they contain, as well as from their intrinsic beauty, form one of the principal attractions of the city of York.

The City of York Public Library, in Clifford street, is an edifice of brick with stone dressings, formerly occupied by the York Institute of Art, science and Literature, and purchased by the corporation in 1892; the foundation stone was laid by His late Majesty King Edward VII. when Prince of Wales, July 18th. 1883, and the building was opened as a public library by H.M. King George V. then Duke of Cornwall and York, Oct. 5th. 1893; it contains an excellent library of over 35,000 volumes, and reading rooms.

The York Corporation Art Gallery, in St. Leonard’s place, near Bootham bar, stands on ground formerly belonging to the Kings manor, and is a building of stone and brick in the Italian style, erected in 1879, at a cost, including site, of about £25,000, from designs by Mr. Edward Taylor, architect, of York, and was acquired by the Corporation in 1892 for the sum of £6,000, a further sum of about £1,000 being also paid in respect of the school of Art; the building, which is two storeys in height, has an open arcaded portico, opening into a central hall, which leads to the great hall, 200 by 90 feet, and 60 feet high, with galleries and a large organ attached; on this floor are refreshment rooms and other offices, and adjoining is a garden of some extent; the York school of Art occupies the right hand wing; on the left is a picture gallery, and on the second floor another gallery, 100 by 30 feet; the building contains a fine collection of pictures, valued at £35,000, and bequeathed to the city by the late J. Burton esq. of York, as well as a collection, on loan, from the south Kensington Museum. Both of these are open free to the public. An annual exhibition of modern pictures is also open during the months of June, July and August. The interior also comprises a secretary’s room and lavatories &c. The Young Men’s Christian Association is in Clifford street, and the Young Women’s Christian Association in Priory street.

The York subscription Library, St. Leonard’s place, was established in 1794, and has about 33,600 volumes, including a valuable collection of antiquarian, topographical and other works of reference, and about 300 volumes relating to public records, presented in 1835; there are now (1913) about 300 members, of whom 180 are proprietary members, holding a proprietary ticket of £2 2s. and paying a subscription of £1 10s. annually. The remainder consist of family members, paying £1 6s. yearly, and associate members, paying £1 1s. but neither of the two latter classes have any proprietary rights.

The Theatre Royal, in St. Leonard’s place, erected in 1765, occupies part of the site of an ancient church, destroyed by fire in 1137, some portion of the crypt of which still remains; the theatre is the property of the Corporation, and has been several times remodelled; it will bold 1,800 persons, and the stage is 30 feet deep with a width of 62 feet, the proscenium opening being 23 feet.

The Opera House and Empire Theatre, in Clifford street, was erected by a syndicate in 19022, on the site of the old Corn Exchange.

The Assembly Rooms, in Blake street, near the site of the ancient church of St. Wilfred, were erected in 1730—1, in the Classic style, from designs by Richard (Boyle) third Earl of Burlington K.G. So distinguished for his taste and skill in architectural design; the largest room is 112 feet in length by 40 wide, and as many in height; forty-four elegant Corinthian pillars ornament the sides of the hall, and the upper part is filled with windows and designs of foliage and tracery; annexed is a smaller room 66 feet by 22 feet; the rooms, which hold 1,800 persons, are the property of shareholders, and are used only for the receptions and balls of the nobility and gentry of the county and city.

The Merchant Adventurers’ Hall, in Fossgate, belonging to the Merchant Adventurers’ Company, stands within a courtyard, and is an ancient structure containing two large rooms, each 65 by 25 feet, one of which is hung with portraits of masters of the company; the ground floor includes a small chapel, and over the gateway are the arms of the company.

The Festival Concert Rooms, in Museum street, erected in 1824, at a cost, including site, of spacious building, calculated to hold 1,500 persons.

The Yorkshire Club was formed in 1839, and originally occupied premises in St. Leonard’s; the club house, situated in Museum street, and erected in 1868, is a handsome edifice of red brick, with stone dressings; there are over 400 members.

The Club Chambers, adjacent to the premises of the Yorkshire Club, Museum street, are largely used by its members and by the county gentry when visiting the city, and have on several occasions been the residence of His late Majesty King Edward VII. when Prince of Wales; the building contains suites of apartments for families, and bed rooms for gentlemen. The premises of the Yorkshire Ladies’ Club are in the same building.

The York Conservative Club is in sin Leonards.

The York City and County Liberal Club, in Fossbridge, is a spacious building, and contains large and well-appointed rooms; it is also the head quarters of the York Liberal Association and the Thirsk and Malton Liberal Association.

The Yorkshire Agricultural Club, formed in 1894, occupies premises in Pavement, consisting of a large meeting room, smoke, committee and refreshment rooms, together with rooms for the steward. The Yorkshire Union of Agricultural Clubs has its head quarters here.

The City Club occupies premises at the Friendly societies’ Hall, in Castlegate, consisting of billiard, leading and smoking rooms, library and refreshment bar.

The York Golf Club has an 18-hole course at Strensall, and the Knavesmire Golf Club a 9-hole course at Knavesmire, Tadcaster road.

Hotels.-There are several good hotels, the chief of these being the Royal station hotel, which adjoins the station, standing in its own grounds, facing the river and close to the Museum gardens, the ruins of St. Mary’s abbey, the cathedral, and other places of interest; it is under the management of the North Eastern Railway Co.; other hotels are Harker’s hotel in St. Helen’s square, the Black swan in Coney street, and the Adelphi hotel at the corner of Railway street and Micklegate.

Newspapers.-“The Yorkshire Weekly Herald,” established 1790 (Liberal Unionist), is published weekly on Saturday, the daily edition was first issued in 1874; “The Yorkshire Gazette,” established 1819 (Liberal), is published weekly on Saturday; “The Yorkshire Daily Herald” (Liberal Unionist) and the “Yorkshire Evening Press” are published at the “Yorkshire Daily Herald” office; there are also “The Yorkshire Chronicle and Delittle’s York Advertiser.” gratis, weekly; “The Yorkshire News,” Saturdays; “The York star,” Wednesday and “Thirsk and District News,” Saturday.

Baths.-The Public Baths, St. George’s field, Castle Mills bridge, were erected by the Corporation in 1879, at a cost of £9,000, and contain swimming and private and hot and cold baths; the York swimming Bath is situate in the south-west angle of the Museum gardens, with an entrance from Marygate; the (open air) bath is 127 feet long by 85 wide, and is available to the public at a fixed tariff. The York Yearsley Baths, Haxby road, were opened in 1909, and presented to the corporation by Messrs. Rowntree; the open air swimming bath is 150 feet long and 51 feet wide.

Near the Railway station is a full-length statue in marble, by Milburn, of York, of George Leeman esq. Sometime M.P. for the city, several times lord mayor, and chairman of the North Eastern Bailway Co.; it was unveiled 13th April, 1885, by the 1st Marquess of Ripon K.G., P.C., G.C.S.I., C.I.E.

The general market is held on Saturday, in Parliament street, besides which there are smaller markets on the other days of the week, all of which are generally well attended. The corn market is held on Saturday in the Pavement. The Cattle Market (in which are also held the wool and hay markets) is situated upon an extensive piece of land lying between Walmgate and Fishergate bars; it was commenced in 1826, but was in 1856 much enlarged and improved by the Corporation, at a total cost of over £10,000; since then, at various times, a large portion has been covered in for the stock sales, and the surface cemented. A fortnightly cattle market, or fair is held on a Thursday, and every Tuesday an auction mart for fat stock is held in the market. Messrs. Thomas Walker and sons hold a sale of fat stock in the Fat stock Mart every Tuesday; horse sales are held weekly during the hunting season, and fortnightly at other times; and special annual sales are held in May, August and December at their Horse Repository, Lendal bridge. Messrs. Thomlinson and son and Messrs. Stephenson hold a sale of fat stock at the Wool sheds Auction Mart in the Cattle Market every Tuesday. Live stock fairs ware held on the Saturday before Old Candlemas Day, Old Lady Day. Whit Monday, Old St. Peter’s Day, Old Lammas Day, Old Michaelmas Day, Old Martinmas Day, and Old Christmas Day. The leather fairs were held on the first Wednesday in March, June, September and December, and the fairs for cattle on Whit Monday, July 10th. August 12th and November 23rd, but these are now obsolete; the yearly horse show in the last whole week before Christmas is however still held.

The North Riding County Lunatic Asylum, about a mile beyond Clifton, north-west of the city, and near the banks of the Ouse, is a building in the Elizabethan style, erected in 1847, at a cost of £40,000; it was enlarged in 1855, at an additional cost of £21,000, and again in 1909, at a cost of £20,000; it will now (1913) hold 900 patients.

The Retreat, standing on an eminence on the Heslington road, is a hospital for the insane belonging to the society of Friends, and was established in 1796 by William Tuke, of this city; the premises, to which several additions have been made at various times, are now available for 150 patients.

Hospitals, Almshouses and Charities.-There are within the city eighteen institutions of this kind, providing residences for 170 poor persons, variously classified, and two hospitals, viz., St. Catherine’s and Wilsons Blind Hospital, have out-pensioners.

The York County Hospital, in Monkgate, was founded in 1740 through a legacy of £500, bequeathed by the Lady Elizabeth Hastings, for the relief of the diseased poor of the city and county; the present building, erected in 1851, is an edifice in the Italian style and contains 150 beds; the number of in-patients admitted in 1912 was 1,325, and of out-patients 10,919; the York Institution for Diseases of the Eye and Ear, formerly in Aldwark, has now also been attached to the hospital. There are also two X-Ray installations.

The York Dispensary, for the relief of the sick poor, is a structure of brick in Duncombe place, and was established in 1788; the number of patients treated in 1912 was over 7,000.

In Bootham Park, York, is a registered hospital for the insane, first established in 1774 by voluntary subscriptions; it is pleasantly situated in the centre of tastefully laid out grounds of about 20 acres, with a church for the use of the patients, erected in 1865, in the Early English style; there are cricket and tennis grounds, billiard rooms and an American bowling alley for the use of the inmates.

The Home for Fallen Women, at Bishophill senior, established in 1822, for 26 inmates, is a voluntary institution.

The York Medical society, established in 1832, has its library and reading room for the use of members at 1-a, Low Ousegate, where also meetings are held once a month on Saturday evenings, from October to June. One or more meetings are also held in the afternoon for the benefit of country members. An inaugural address is given at the beginning of each session, and this is followed by the annual dinner.

York Friendly societies’ Medical Association was established in 1877 for the purpose of supplying advice and medicine to the members of the friendly societies of the city and their families; it has a dispensary in Clifford street, erected in 1883.

Miss Dorothy Wilson, who died in 1717, bequeathed her residence at Foss End, Walmgate, to be converted into a hospital for ten poor women; there are now sixteen inmates, but only ten receive the pension; besides this she left two farms, one at Askham Bryan and one at Westwick, and in addition a capital sum of £10,721 1s. 8d. invested in Consols. At present tea widows receive £16 per annum, with a room each in the hospital; there are also endowments for educating 24 poor children at Nun Monckton and 14 at Skipwith. and the school buildings at both of these places belong to this charity.

Hodgson’s Charity consists of £5,000 Preference stock of the North Eastern Railway Company, left by the late John Hodgson esq. of Strensall, the income of which is to be given, at the discretion of the Guardians of York Union, to sick persons with small incomes.

William Haughton left, in 1770, the sum of £19,000, the interest on which is divided among the Blue Coat Boys’ school, the Grey Coat Girls’ school, the County Hospital and the poor of the parishes of St. Crux and St. Michael-le-Belfrey.

The rents of two farms of 240 acres at Rufforth. in the West Riding, belonging to the trustees of Jane Wright's charity are distributed to the poor of Holy Trinity, Goodramgate; and there are several other charities.

Military Administration.-York is a military centre, and the head quarters of the Northern Command. The district comprises Berwick-on-Tweed (except Regulars and special Reserve), Derbyshire, Durham, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Northumberland, Staffordshire and Rutland, Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire East, North and West Ridings). The head quarters offices, in Fishergate, erected by the Government at a cost of about £13,000, are of brick with stone dressings in the Elizabethan style.

The Barracks, on the Fulford Road, comprise the Cavalry barracks, erected in 1795—96, at a cost of £27,000, now serving as the head quarters of the 2nd Dragoons (Royal scots Greys), and the Infantry barracks, built in 1878—9 and comprising a series of blocks, constructed of red brick and covering an area of upwards of 32 acres; these serve as the depot of the 14th Regimental District, the Prince of Wales’s Own (West Yorkshire Regiment), composed of the 1st and 2nd battalions 14th Foot, together with the 3rd and 4th special Reserve Battalions West Yorkshire Regiment; attached to this regiment are also four Territorial Battalions, the 5th York, 6th Bradford and 7th and 8th Leeds, and of these the 5th York Battalion has head quarters in Colliergate. The 1st Battalion the East Yorkshire Regiment also have their head quarters here.

Lumley Barracks, Burton stone lane, erected in 1911, are the head quarters of the West Riding Royal Garrison Artillery and the Yorkshire Mounted Brigade Transport and supply Column Army service Corps, Territorial Force.

The other Territorial Force stationed in the City comprise:-The Yorkshire Hussars (Alexandra, Princess of Wales’s Own) Yeomanry, having the head quarters of the Regiment in Tower street, B squadron at Bedern and the C squadron East Riding Yorkshire Yeomanry having quarters at Stratton house, Fulford.

The head quarters of the West Riding Territorial Force is at 9 St. Leonards.

The Drill Hall of the 5th Territorial Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment, is in Colliergate.

Races are held upon a large flat piece of pasture land, about a mile southward but within the limits of the city, called “Knavesmire,” the property of the freemen of Micklegate ward; there is a grand stand, erected in 1754 by the corporation, and the whole is fenced round with posts and rails. The races are held in the months of May and August.

The Grand Yorkshire Gala Committee holds a flower show annually, in June, at Bootham Park, which is attended by about 50,000 people during the three days of its continuance.

The city still retains some excellent examples of the half-timbered houses of the Middle Ages, although these have been greatly reduced in number since the beginning of the nineteenth century, and in some instances only fragments now exist.

The Kings Manor, in St. Leonard’s place, near Bootham bar, is the principal mansion now standing connected with the history of the city. At the dissolution of the Abbey of St. Mary, in the 31st of Henry VIII. he directed that a house, to be called “The Kings Manor,” should be erected out of the materials of the monastery, and used as the residence of the Lords Presidents of the Great Council of the North; by direction of King James I. during his stay at York, 16th April, 1603, it was converted into a royal palace, and was so used by him on his second visit in 1617; the celebrated Earl of Strafford, when Lord President, inhabited it for some time, and placed his arms, “sa. a chevron between 3 leopards’ heads, or,” over a doorway near the main entrance, where they may still be seen; and when he was impeached by the House of Commons, it was urged against him that he had presumed to place his private shield on a royal mansion. Charles I. took up his residence here in 1641, but in 1644, during the civil war, the structure was materially damaged. Charles II. appointed the palace as the residence of the governor of York, and John, 1st Baron Frescheville of Staveley, and Sir John Reresby bart. of Thryberg, successively occupied it in this capacity; in the reign of James II. one of its large apartments was fitted up and used as a Roman Catholic chapel, but was afterwards converted into an assembly room; over the doorway on the northeast front are the royal arms and crest inclosed in a panel and surmounted by pedimental mouldings; the caryatides forming the pilasters on either side the entrance are said to represent James I. and his queen, Anne of Denmark, and carved in the lower panels of the pilasters are the initials “J. R.” (James Rex); the interior of the house retains some interesting features, the large upper apartment, called “Lord Huntingdon’s Room,” with its huge open fire-place and elaborate plaster-work decorations, being especially worthy of note. After the Revolution the building was leased to private persons, and is now held by the trustees of the Wilberforce school for the Blind. Here 70 blind children of both sexes are educated and taught various mechanical handicrafts; a concert is given weekly, and the workshops and sale-rooms are open during certain hours every day.

Near the shambles is a 14th century house called “Newgate, and in the Pavement a house with a richly carved bracket, the cusps of which terminate in angels holding shields; and in Goodramgate, Jubbergate and High Ousegate are some good doorways with canopied porches, supported by massive carved and moulded brackets; but most of these relics have been mutilated and are now inclosed in modern work.

By Local Government Board Order No. 39,884, dated March 26, 1900, the whole of the civil parishes in York borough were amalgamated as one, known as York civil parish.

The area of the civil parish and county borough is 3,658 acres of land and 72 of water; rateable value in Dec. 1912, £419,778; the population in 1911 was 82,282.

The population of the municipal wards in 1911 was:-Bootham, 17,873; Castlegate, 11,391; Guildhall, 5,401; Micklegate, 17,396; Monk, 11,864, and Walmgate, 18,357.

Included in the total population was 61 officials and their families and 120 inmates in the County Hospital, 131 in the Industrial school for Boys, Marygate, 60 in the Industrial school for Girls, 620 inmates and 39 officials and their families in the workhouse, 661 military and 178 other inmates in York Infantry Barracks, 603 military and 106 other inmates in York Cavalry Barracks, 29 military and 59 other inmates in York Castle, 53 in the Military Hospital, 57 officials and their families and 106 inmates in the York Lunatic Hospital, 124 officials and their families and 158 inmates of The Retreat (Lunatic Hospital).

The population of the ecclesiastical parishes in 1911 was:-All Saints’ North street, 834; All Saints, Pavement, with St. Peter-the-Little and St. Crux, 666; Holy Trinity, Goodramgate, With St. Maurice, and St. John, Delpike, 4,606; Holy Trinity, Heworth. 2,434; Holy Trinity, Micklegate, 1,924; St. Barnabas, 3,540; St. Cuthbert with St. Helen-on-the-Walls and Peasholm, 3.758; St. Denys, with St. George, 3,020; St. Helen, Stonegate, with St. Martin, Coney street, 503; St. John the Evangelist, Micklegate, 491; St. Lawrence, with St. Nicholas, 8,438; St. Margaret, with St. Peter-le-Willows, 1,831; St. Martin, Micklegate, with St. Gregory, 521; St. Mary, Bishophill Junior, 3,754; St. Mary, Bishophill senior, with St. Clement, 11,147 St. Mary, Castlegate, with St. Michael, Spurriergate, 686; St. Michael-le-Belfrey, with St. Wilfrid, 892; St. Olave, Marygate, with St. Giles, 6,806; St. Paul, Holgate, 5,681; St. Sampson, with Holy Trinity, Kings Court, 814; St. Saviour, with St. Andrew, 1,878; St. Thomas, 10,723.

The area of the parliamentary borough is 3,591 acres; the population in 1911 was 82,297, viz:-East Division, comprising Bootham, Castlegate, Guildhall, Monk and Walmgate Wards, 53,499; West Division, comprising Micklegate Ward, 28,798.

The number of electors on the parliamentary register in 1913 was 14,384.

Clementhorpe and Layerthorpe are localities in the city, respectively on the Ouse and the Foss streams.

The following places are included in the petty sessional division;-Barton-le-Willows, Buttercrambe with Bossall, Claxton, Clifton, Crambe, Earswick, Flaxton, Foston, Grate Helmsley, Harton, Haxby, Heworth. Holtby, Huntington, Lillings Ambo, Murton, Osbaldwick, Rawcliffe, sand Hutton, Skelton, Sheriff Hutton, Stock-ton-on-Forest, Strensall, Thornton-le-Clay, Towthorp, Upper Helmsley, Warthill Freehold, Warthill Copyhold & Wigginton.

Petty sessions are held at York Castle every alternate Saturday at 11.30 a.m.

The following places are included in the petty sessional division:-Acaster Malbis, Acaster Selby, Acomb, Askham Bryan, Askham Bichard, Bishopthorpe, Copmanthorpe, Dringhouses, Hessay, Knapton, Middlethorpe, Moor Monkton, Upper Poppleton, Nether Poppleton, Rufforth & Wilstrop.

Petty sessions are held at Escrick the first Thursday in every month & at York Castle the second or third Saturday in every month at 11 a.m.

The following places are included in the petty sessional division:-Barlby, Cliffe-cum-Lund, Deighton, North Duffield, South Duffield, Dunnington, Elvington, Escrick, Gate Fulford, Water Fulford, Grimston, Heslington, Kelfield, Kexby, Langwith. Menthorpe, Naburn, Osgodby, Riccall, Skipwith. Stillingfleet, Stamford Bridge West with Scoreby, Thorganby-cum-West Cottingwith & Wheldrake.

MILITARY

Northern Command.-Berwick-on-Tweed (except Regulars & special Reserve) & the counties of Northumberland, Durham, York, Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby. Stafford, Leicester & Rutland.

Head Quarters Office, Fishergate.

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Lieut.-Gen. Sir H. Plumer K.C.B.

Assistant Military secretary, Major E. Harding Newman R.A.

Aide-de-Camp, Capt. L. N. Jones-Bateman (Norfolk Rifles.)

General staff.

General staff Officer (1st Grade), Col. A. J. Chapman.

General staff Officer (3rd Grade), Capt. D. S. Gilkison, Scott. Rifles.

Attached to the General staff.

Captain (graded as Brigade-Major), Capt. H, E. R. R. Braine, R. Muns. Fus.

Administrative, Technical & Departmental staff.

Brigadier-General in Charge of Administration, Col, (temp. Brig.-Gen.) A. W. G. L. Cole C.B., D.S.O.

Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General, St.-Lieut.-Col. G. H. B. Freeth D.S.O., Lancs. Fus.

Assistant Quartermaster-General, Col. E. R. O. Ludlow.

Chief Engineer, Col. R. D. Petrie.

Staff Officer, Royal Engineers, Maj. CL G. Falcon, R.E.

Assistant Director of supplies & Transport, Lt.-Col. A. Phelps A. S.C.

Deputy Director of Medical services, Surgn,-Genl. W. W. Kenny M.B., F.R.C.S.I., K.H.S.

Deputy Assistant Director of Medical services, Lt.-Col. F. R. Newland M.B., R.A.M.C.Stolen from Fore-bears

Assistant Director of Veterinary services, Lieut.-Col. R. W. Raymond, A.V.C.

Medical Inspector of Recruits, Col. R. J. Copeland M.B., C.M.Edin.

Assistant Director of Ordnance stores, Lieut.-Col. C. A. Hall, Ord. Dept.

Office of Dibectok of Remounts.

16 New Walk terrace, Fulford road.

Deputy Assistant Directors of Remounts, Capt. E. T. F. Hood (Lincs. Yeo.), Capt. C. A, Anderson-Pelham, Capt. M. M. H. Nevile & Major G. W. Dowell (No. a district.)

Department of the Finance Member of the Abut Council.

Local Auditor, W. M. Gaul esq.

Assistant Local Auditor, C. R. Sutherland esq.

Army Service Corps

No. 34 Co.

Head Quarters, Fulford Road.

Commanding, Capt. W. A. M. G. Machonochie-Wellwood.

Captain, F. H. Hadrow.

Quartermaster, Hon. Capt. D. McCallum.

Royal Medical Corps

Head Quarters, Fulford road.

Commanding, Lieut.-Col. N. C. Ferguson C.M.G., M.B.

Major, C. G. Spencer M.B., F.R.C.S.

No. 8 Company.

Quartermaster, Hon. Capt. J. McClay.

Ordnance Department

Depot, Fulford road.

Commanding, Major C. F. G. Low.

Deputy Commissary of 'Ordnance, Hon. Capt. H. Rees.

No. 5 Co. York section.

Commanding, Capt. H. W. Man (Ordnance Officer, 4th Class.)

Northern Command Paymaster's Officer

Fishergate.

Chief Paymaster, Col. F. W. Hill.

Regimental Paymaster, Lieut.-Col. C. I. Scott.

Chief Cashier, Major A. St. C. Holbrook.

Cavalry Barracks

Fulford Road.

District Barrack Officer, St.-Col. R. E. Hill.

No. 5 Military District

Comprising the counties of Northumberland, Durham & York & Berwick-on-Tweed (except Regulars & Special Reserve.)

Queen Ann’s road, Bootham, York.

Commanding, Col. J. N. Watson C.B.

Staff-Captain, Capt. W. J. Ainsworth D.S.O. (Durh.L.I.)

Royal Engineers

York sub-Divisional Office, 13 Wenlock terrace. Divisional Officer, Capt. J. T. Rea.

No. 13, survey Co.

Regimental District No. 14 (No. 5 District)

Depot Barracks, Fulford road.

Prince of Wales’s Own (West Yorkshire Regiment). 1st & 2nd Battalions 14th Foot. Commanding Depot, Major T. P. Barrington.

3rd special Reserve Battalion West Yorkshire Regiment, Fulford Barracks.

Lieut.-Col. Commanding, J. O’B. Minogue.

Majors, T. P. Barrington & J. Straker (Hon. Lt.-Col.)

Adjutant, Capt. C. P. Marten.

Quarter-Master, C. Hinchcliffe.

4th special Reserve Battalion West Yorkshire Regiment, Fulford Barracks, Lieut.-Col. Commanding, J. B. G. Tottie.

Major, A. W. Birt.

Adjutant, Capt: D. Grant-Dalton.

Quarter-Master, W. A. Roberts (hon. capt.)

Territorial Force

Yorkshire Mounted Brigade

Head Quarters, 9 St. Leonard’s.

Comprising the: —

Yorkshire Hussars Yeomanry, York.

Yorkshire Dragoons Yeomanry, Doncaster.

East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry, Beverley.

West Riding Royal Horse Artillery, Wentworth Wood-house, Rotherham.

Yorkshire Mounted Brigade Transport & supply Column Anny service Corps, York.

Yorkshire Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance Royal Army Medical Corps, Wakefield.

Attached for Training.

Northumberland Yeomanry, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

Brigade Commander, Col. N. T. Nickalls.

Brigade Major, J. Fryer.

Yeomanry.

Yorkshire Hussars (Alexandra, Princess of Wales’s Own).

Head Quarters, Tower street.

Lieut.-Col. Commanding, E. W. Stanyforth T.D.

Adjutant, Capt. M. Graham.

Quartermaster, Hon. Capt. W. H. Collins.

Medical Officers, Surg.-Capt. W. H. Cheetham M.D. & Capt. C. H. Bullen R.A.M.C. (T.F.)

Veterinary Officer, Veterinary-Capt. F. W. Pawlett F.R.C.V.S., A.V.C.T.F.

Chaplain, Rev. W. G. Pennyman M.A. (T.F)

Regimental Sergt.-Major, Richard Percival Bailey.

B squadron, York, Major Viscount Helmsley, commanding; Capt. E. A. D. Collins, second in command; squadron-sergt.-Major G. E. Potter, drill instructor; office, Bedern.

East Riding of Yorkshire (C squadron), Stratton house, Fulford, Capt. P. S. Cadman, commanding; 2nd Lieut. C. G. Lloyd, second in command.

Royal Artillery.

Red house, Marygate.

Commanding, Col. S. D. Browne.

Staff-Captain, L. W. Lewer R.A.

West Riding of Yorkshire Royal Garrison (Heavy) Artillery; head quarters, Lumley Barracks, Burton stone lane; Heavy Battery & Ammunition Column; Commanding,; Adjutant, Capt. W. G. Graham R.A., D.O.; Chaplain, Rev. W. O. F. Campbell (T.F.); Drill Instructors, Sergt.-Major S. Spencer R.G.A. & Sergt. F. G. Groves.

West Riding Infantry Division

Head Quarters, St. Leonard’s General Officer Commanding Division, Maj.-Gen. C. S. Baldock C.B.

General staff Officer (2nd Grade), St.-Major R. S. May.

Deputy Assistant Adjutant & Quartermaster-General, Capt. R. K. Healing (W. Riding Regt.)

Assistant Director of Medical services, Col. E. Lee V.D. (Red house, Marygate.)

Deputy Assistant Director of Medical Services, Major D. O. Hyde M.B., R.A.M.C.

Sanitary Officer, Major J. R. Kaye M.B.

1st West Riding Infantry Brigade.

Head Quarters, 3 Tower street.

Commanding Brigade, St.-Col. O’D. C. Grattan D.S.O.

Brigade-Major, Major L. H. R. Pope-Hennessy D.S.O.

The Brigade includes the:—

5th Battalion Prince of Wales’s Own (West Yorkshire Regiment) (comprising A, B, C, D, E, F, G & H Companies); head, quarters, Colliergate, York. Battalion.

York Companies:-A, Capt. D. P. Mackay; B, Caipt. R. Cattley & C, Capt. F. C. Thompson; Sergt.-Major F. Veal & Color-Sergt. R. Higginbottom, drill instructors.

6th Battalion Prince of Wales’s Own (West Yorkshire Regiment), Belle Vue barracks, Bradford.

7th 8th Battalions Prince of Wales’s Own (West Yorkshire Regiment), Carlton barracks, Leeds.

Army Service Sorps

Yorkshire Mounted Brigade Transport & supply Column, Lumley Barracks, Burton stone lane; Capt. J. Brown I.S.O. commanding.

West Riding Divisional Co. Transport & supply Column, Lumley Barracks, Burton stone lane (Head Quarters Co.), Caipt. H. H. Wilberforce, commanding; Company-Sergt.-Major W. East, drill instructor.

National Reserve

West Riding of Yorkshire.

Commanding, Col. H. Ditmas Hon. Secretary, G. C. Busby.

Public Establishments.

Assembly Rooms, Blake street, Arthur Anderson, sec.

Baths, Marygate, John Haughton Hill, lessee.

Board of Trade Labour Exchange, 33 Parliament street, E. Hommert, manager.

Cattle Market, George Woollons, supt. & collector.

Cemetery, Cemetery road, Rev. Edward C. Smith M.A. chaplain; Harry Robertson, registrar & superintendent.

Chamber of Commerce, 5 New St. Alfred Procter, sec.

Corn Returns (Inspector’s) Office, 76 Low Petergate, John Stanley James, inspector.

Corporation Baths, St. George’s field, Castle Mills bridge, Tom Kendrew Walker, superintendent.

Custom, Excise & stamp Office, 8 Minster yard & 76 Low Petergate, William George Mathews, collector of customs & stamp distributor; Jas. Neil McMenamin, surveyor of customs & excise; Henry Wallis a James O’Reilly, principal clerks; John Murray & Robert J. Howard, clerks; Joseph Carle, William Honeyman & E. M. Davison Moore, officers.

De Grey Rooms, St. Leonard’s pl. J. R. Barsley, Steward.

Festival Concert Rooms, Museum St. Wm. Hick, steward.

Fire Engine station, Low Friargate, James Burrow, chief officer; Henry Woolnough, superintendent.

Guildhall, Coney street (at which the Commission for the City Assizes is opened; but the actual business of the assizes is taken at York Castle.)

Inland Revenue Officer, 8 Minster yard, J. W. Todd, surveyor of taxes; Valuation Department, 75 Low Petergate, Cyrio Moiser, district valuer.

Mansion House, Coney street.

Merchant Adventurers’ Hall, 39 Fossgate street, Thomas Henry Fletcher, hall keeper.

Merchant Taylor’s Hall, Aldwark, Edwin Gell, hall keepr.

Museum of Yorkshire Philosophical society, Museum street, Oxley Grabham M.A. curator.

Opera House & Empire, Clifford street, Wm. Peacock, managing director; Sidney Brooke, acting manager.

Police station (City), Lower Friargate, James Buttow, chief constable; the force consists of 1 superintendent, 1 detective inspector, 6 uniform inspectors, 8 sergeants & 86 constables; 28 members of the force constitute the lire brigade & coachman.

Police station (County), Heworth; the force consists of William Gattenby, superintendent, 1 inspector, 1 sergeant & 18 constables.

Shipwrecked Fishermen & Mariners’ Royal Benevolent society; Hon. Representative, Dr. D. Sanderson Long, 71 Micklegate.

Theatre Royal, St. Leonard’s, Percy Hutchison, lessees & managers.

Yorkshire Fishery Board, 1 Market street, John Edmd. Jones, sec.

Yorkshire Law society, H. V. Scott, hon. Sec. Coney st.

LIBRARIES & LITERARY INSTITUTIONS

City of York Public Library, Clifford street, Arthur H Furnish, librarian.

York Corporation Art Gallery, St. Leonard’s place; George, Kirby, curator.

York Railway Institute, Queen street, J. M. W. Mason, sec.; Miss Katherine James, librarian.

York subscription Library, 1 St. Leonard’s, William P. Glaisby, labrarian.

Yorkshire Philosophical society & Museum, Museum, street, Tempest Anderson M.D., D. Sc. president;. Charles E. Elmhirst, hon. Sec.; Oxley Grabham M.A. curator.

HOSPITALS & CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS

York County Hospital, Monkgate.

York City Tuberculosis Dispensary, 11 Castlegate, J. Bell Ferguson M.B., Ch.B.Edin., D.P.H.Vict. medical officer in charge.

York Dispensary, Duncombe place, George Isles Swanson M.D.

York Maternity Hospital, 15 Ogleforth. Miss Sarah Louise Fraser M.D., B.S.Lond. medical officer; Miss J. C. Wishart, matron.

Friendly societies’ Dispensary, Clifford street.

Godfrey Walker Home, Church of England Waifs & strays society, 4 West Bank terrace, Holgate, Miss Turner, matron.

Home for Fallen Women, 19 Bishophill senior, Miss Helen G. Benington, matron (there is a casual shelter attached, for 8.)

St. Stephen’s Orphanage (for girls), Trinity lane, Miss Rose Hannah Phillips, superintendent.

York Training Home for Young Girls, 58 Skeldergate, Mrs. Bateman, hon. Sec.; Miss M. Raine, supt.

York Home for Nurses, 37 & 39 Monkgate.

Lunatic Asylums.

Bcotham Park, George Rutherford Jeffrey M.D.

Friends’ Retreat, Heslington road, Bedford Fierce M.D. Lond., M.R.C.P.Lond, medical superintendent; Henry James Mackenzie M.B. & C.M.Edin, assistant medical officer; William Edward Waller, sec.; Miss Charlotte E. Thomasson, matron.

Asylums & Almshouses.

Barstow’s Hospital for 4 Widows, Clement street.

Colton’s Hospital for Spinsters & Widows, Shipton st.

Dorothy Wilson’s Hospital (for 16 poor women), Walmgate.

Harrison’s Hospital (for 8 females), Penley’s Grove street.

Ingram’s Hospital for Widows, 86 to 106 Bootham.

Lady Hewley’s Hospital, 14 St. Saviourgate.

Lady Wandsford’s Hospital, 37 Bootham.

Mason’s Hospital, 20 Colliergate.

Middleton’s Hospital for 20 Widows of Freemen, Carr’s la.

St. Catherine’s Hospital, 45 Holgate road.

St Thomas’s Hospital, 26 Nunnery lane, for 12 old ladies.

Sir Henry Thompson’s Hospital, 13 Castlegate.

Sir Robert Waiter’s Hospital, Chapel row, George street.

Sisters Wilson’s Home, founded in 1885, for 10 widows, 17 & 19 East parade, Heworth.

Walker Almshouses, founded in 1912, Bishopthorpe road.

YORK UNION

York, Escrick, Flaxton & Bishopthorpe (Out-Relief Unions.)

The area of the Union in 80,100 acres; the population in 1901 was 91,656, and in 1911, 98,714.

York Out-Relief Union comprises the parish of York. Rateable value, Dec. 1912, £419,778

Escrick Out-Relief Union comprises the following East Riding parishes, viz.:—

Deighton, Dunnington, Elvington, Escrick, Grimston, Heslington, Kexby, Langwith. Naburn, Stamford Bridge (West) with Scoreby, Stillingfleet with Moreby, Thorganby with West Cottingwith. Water Fulford & Wheldrake. The area is 33,167 acres; rateable value in sept. 1912, £59,379; the population in 1911 was 5,872.

Workhouse.

A building of brick, erected to hold 607 inmates, Huntington road; Edgar Jenner, master; Rev. F. A. Mann, chaplain; Sydney H. Smith. medical officer; Mrs. Jenner, matron.

Placew of Worship, with times of services.

York Minster or Cathedral Church of St. Peter.

Services at the Minster.-Sunday, celebration of holy communion, 8 a.m.; morning prayer, with sermon & celebration of holy communion, 10.30 a.m. During summer months, litany, hymn & sermon, 3 p.m.; evening prayer & anthem, 4 p.m. During winter months, litany & anthem, 4 p.m.; evening prayer & sermon, 6.45 p.m. The celebration of holy communion at 10.30 a.m. on one Sunday in each month is choral; on week-days, choral service at 10 a.m. & 4.30 p.m.; the holy communion is celebrated on Christmas day & Ascension day & on the festivals of saints at 8 a.m. & after morning prayer & on week days at 8 a.m. Chimes-The chimes commence fifteen minutes before each service; first five minutes, changes of six bells, to denote that a service is about to take place; second five minutes, peals varying, to denote what service is about to take place, viz., litany, a peal of four bells: morning & evening prayer, eight bells; holy communion, twelve bells.

Churches.

All saints’, North street, Rev. Patrick John Shaw M.A. rector; 9 & 10.45 a.m. & 6.45 p.m.; daily, 7.15 a.m. & 6.45 p.m.

All saints’, Pavement, Rev. Canon John Watson M.A. rector; 10.30 a.m. & 3.30 & 6.30 p.m.; holy communion, Sun. & saints’ days, 8 a.m.

Garrison Chapel, Fulford rd.; 8 & 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

Holy Trinity, Goodramgate (is not used now.)

Holy Trinity, Kings square (is not used now.)

Holy Trinity, Micklegate. Rev. Noel Storrs Fox M.A. rector; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 8.45 a.m. & 5.30 p.m.

Holy Trinity, Heworth. Rev. Albert Victor Jones M.A. vicar; 8 & 10.30 a.m.; 3 p.m. on 3rd Sun. each month & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m. from Advent to Easter.

St. Clement’s, Scarcroft road, Rev. Canon George Marsham Argles M.A. rector; Rev. Walter Holt, Rev. Frederick Richardson B.A. & Rev. James Kendall Mitchelson B.A. curates; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.; week days, 8 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

St. Cuthbert, Peasholme green, Rev. Reginald Gaynesford Pyne M.A. rector; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Fri. 7.30 p.m.

St. Denis, Walmgate, Rev. George Ernest Washer M.A. rector; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

St. Helen, St. Helens square, Rev. George Trundle M.A. vicar; occasional services.

St. John the Evangelist, Micklegate, Rev. Arthur Henry Maudson M.A. vicar; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

St. Lawrence, Lawrence street, Rev. Esrmont Gifford Hutchings M.A. vicar; Rev. Basil Gorton Dunmore Clarke B.A. curate; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 9.45 a.m. & 7.30 p.m.

St. Luke, Burton stone lane, Rev. Arthur John Wade-Gery B.A. curate in charge; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 7 a.m. & 7.30 p.m.

St. Margaret, Walmgate, Rev. Francis Arthur Mann M.A. rector; 10.30 a.m. &; 6.30 p.m.; daily, evensong 6.30 p.m.

St. Martin-le-Grand, Coney street, Rev. George Trundle M.A. vicar; 8 a.m. (holy communion) alternate Sundays, 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 9 a.m.

St. Mary, Bishophill senior (see St. Clement.)

St. Mary, Castlegate, Rev. William Oliver Fitzhardinge Campbell, rector; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 3.10 & 6.30 p.m.

St. Maurice, Monkgate, Rev. Francis Leonard Perkins M.A. vicar; Rev. Henry Meyer Worsley M.A. curate; 8 & 10.30 a.m. &, 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

St. Michael, Spurriergate, Rev. Wm. Oliver Fitzhardinge Campbell, rector; 11 a.m.

St. Michael-le-Belfrey, High Petergate, Rev. George Herbert stock B.A. vicar; 10.30 a.m. & 2.45 & 6.30 p.m.; holy communion every first & third Sun. 12 noon; second & fourth Sun. 8 a.m. & fifth Sun. 8 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m. in Advent & Lent.

St. Martin-cum-Gregory, Micklegate, Rev. Edward Bulmer M.A. rector; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m. during Advent & Lent; saints’ days, 11.30 a.m.

St. Mary, Bishophill Junior, Rev. Benjamin Ward Wood M.A. vicar; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; evensong, 7.30 p.m. daily.

St. Olave, Marygate, Rev. Charles Carlyle Bell M.A. vicar; Rev. Arthur J. Wade-Gery B.A.; Rev. Clarence Elwell B.A. & Rev. Robert Stuart de Courcy Laffan M.A. curates; holy communion, 8 & 11.25 (choral) a.m. & second & fourth Sun. 7 a.m.; matins, 10.30 a.m. & 3 (children’s service) & 6.30 (evensong) p.m.; 7.45 & 8.15 a.m. & 6 p.m. daily.

St. Paul, Holgate road, Rev. John Topham, rector; Rev. Ivo Francis Henry Carr Gregg M.A. curate; 10.30 a.m. & 6 30 p.m.; holy communion, 8 a.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

St. Barnabas, Jubilee terrace, Leeman road, Rev. Herbert Gilgryst L.Th. vicar; 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

St. Philip & St. James, Clifton, Rev. Charles Thomas Alexander M.A. vicar; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

St. Sampson, Church street, Rev. Richard Oliver Hutchinson M.A. vicar; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 3 & 6.30 p.m.

St. Saviour, St. Saviourgate, Rev. Edward Charnock Smith M.A. rector; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

St. Thomas, Lowther street, Rev. James Chas. Walker M.A. vicar; 8 & 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

St. Andrew’s Mission Church & Parish Room, Alma terrace, Fulford road; 6.30 p.m.

St. Clement’s Mission Room, Cherry street; 7 p.m.

St. Wilfrid’s Catholic Church, Duncombe place, The Right Rev. Monsignor Charles E. D. Provost Dawson V.G. & Rev. John Chadwick; mass, 8.30, 9.30 & 11 a.m.; vespers, rosary or compline, sermon & benediction, 6.30 p.m.; holidays of obligation, mass, 8.30 & 10 a.m. & Thur. rosary & benediction, 7.30 p.m.

St. George’s Catholic Church, George street, Rev. Patk. Cronin, priest; Rev. Richard Sullivan, curate; mass, 8, 9.30 (military & children) & 11 a.m.; vespers, sermon & benediction, 6.30 p.m.; holidays of obligation, 5. 8 & 10 a.m. & devotions, 7.30 p.m.; daily mass, 8 p.m.; Fri. devotions, 7.30 p.m.

The English Martyrs’ Catholic Church, 17 Blossom St. Rev. George E. Machell, priest; mass, 8 & 10.30 a.m.; daily, 8 a.m.; holidays of obligation, massy. 7.15 & 9.30 a.m.; evening service, 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.15 p.m.

Presbyterian Church of England, Priory street, Rev. John Aikeman Mcllvride M. A.; 10.45 a m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Friends’ Meeting House, Clifford street; 10.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 11.30 a.m.

Baptist, Priory street, Rev. D. Russell Smith; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.45 p.m.

Congregational, Lendal, Rev. James Brighting; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Congregational (Salem), St. Saviour’s place, Rev. David Stewart M.A.; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Plymouth Brethren, St. Saviourgate; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Primitive Methodist.

First Circuit—

Monkgate; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.

Layerthorpe; 11 a.m. & 6 p.m.

Burton Lane Mission; 11 a.m. & 6 p.m.

Second Circuit—

Victoria Bar; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Mon. 7 p.m.

Heslington road; 2.30 & 6 p.m.; Wed. 7.30 p.m.

Albany st.; 2.30 & 6 p.m.; Tue. 7 p.m.

United Methodist.

Goodramgate; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.

James street, Lawrence street; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Thur. 7 p.m.

Peckett street; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Wed. 7.45 p.m.

Unitarian, St. Saviourgate; 11 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

Wesleyan Methodist

Clifton Circuit & Ministers—

Clifton; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

Groves, Clarence street; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Mon. 7 p.m.

Ministers-Rev. J. Taylor Binns (supt.); Rev. Arthur W. Ward B.A.

Centenary Circuit & Ministers—

Centenary, St. Saviourgate; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.

Melbourne, Melbourne terrace; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.

Fulford; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Tue. 7 p.m.

Heworth; 10.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.; Mon. 7 p.m.

Central Mission, Foss Islands road, Layerthorpe; 2.30 & 6.30 p.m.

Ministers-Rev. J. Harding Jackson (supt.); Rev. Wm. Sarginson, Rev. Ralph H. Williams & Rev. William Hardwick; Rev. William Barnes, supernumerary.

Wesley Circuit & Ministers—

Wesley, Priory street; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

Southlands, Bishopthorpe road; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Wed. 7 p.m.

Holgate, 6 p.m. & Wed. 7 p.m.

Mission Hall, Skeldergate; 6 p.m.

Ministers-Rev. Edward Martin (supt.); Rev. R. Wilson Hopkins & Rev. A. Stanley Parker; Rev. John W. Simpson, supernumerary.

Catholic Apostolic Church Mission Room, Aldwark. ministers various; 6 & 10 a.m. & 5 p.m.; Thur. 10 a.m.; Sat. 5 p.m.

Primitive Methodist Mission Room, Albany St. Leeman road; 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.; Thur. 7.30 p.m.

Primitive Methodist Mission Room, Duke of York street; 11 a.m. & 6 p.m.

Gospel Hall, 7 Micklegate; 10.30 a.m. & 6.30 p.m.

Salvation Army Barracks, Gillygate; 7 & 10.45 a.m. & 2.45 & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 7.45 p.m. & Hampers yard, Walmgate; 3 & 6.30 p.m.; daily, 8 p.m.

Schools

The York Diocesan Training College for schoolmasters, in Lord Mayor’s walk, erected in 1846, is a structure of brick & stone in the Elizabethan style & has an attached chapel; Rev. Henry Walker M.A. principal; Rev. Thomas Harries M.A. vice-principal.

Minster Choir school (for Choristers & Probationers); George Arthur scaife, headmaster, Minster yard.

Archbishop Holgate’s Grammar school, in Lord Mayor’s walk, is a building in the Elizabethan style, erected in 1858; the school was founded in 1545 by Archbishop Holgate, who endowed it with 12 yearly; it was re-organised by the Court of Chancery in 1858 & again by the Commissioners in 1895, & is now a secondary school in Div. B of the Board of Education; the endowment now amounts to about £360 a year, & there are eight entrance scholarships; the school was enlarged in 1898 & again in 1906, at a cost of £8,000, & now contains over 250 boys, including 40 boarders, & is controlled by a body of 21 governors, of whom the Archbishop is chairman; Rev. William Johnson B.A., B.Sc, of the University of London, headmaster, with 20 assistant masters.

St. Peter’s school, Clifton, now a secondary school, occupies buildings of stone in the Tudor style, the main part of which was formerly the property of a joint stock company, but purchased about 1844 by the Dean & Chapter for St. Peter’s school, founded in the 8th century in connection with the cathedral, & re-endowed under Queen Mary in 1557. The first masters whose names survive were Albert, afterwards Archbishop in 734, & the celebrated Alcuin. Its first school occupied the site of the present minster nave, & after several migrations it was held for some years previous to 1844 in the building in Minster yard, now occupied by the Minster Choir school. The school is endowed with certain lands, formerly belonging to the Abbey of St. Mary, & is privileged to send two candidates yearly to compete for the “Lady Hastings” exhibitions of £100 each a year, tenable for five years at Queen’s College, Oxford; attached to the school are the following scholarships, awarded annually, viz.:-two “Hey Memorial” scholarships of 15 each, tenable for one year; two foundation scholarships of £35 yearly, tenable by boarders only; one free scholarship affording free tuition for four years & one exhibition of £50 for three years. This school claims the doubtful honour of having educated the notorious conspirator Guy Faux, born in the parish of St. Michael-le-Belfrey in 1570; there are now about 130 boys, including 50 boarders in two houses. The school is controlled by a body of governors, the Very Rev. the Dean of York being chairman; S. N. Toyne M.A. headmaster. Assistant Masters:-George Yeld M.A. Rev. Arthur Willmott Richards B.A. Rev. Robert Oborne Walker M.A., C. A. Swift M.A., H. T. Eddershaw, G. F. Tendall M.A. & Rev. R. W. Wood M.A.; Sergt. Ryan (gymnasium.)

The City of York school of Art, formerly occupying the old buildings of St. Peter’s school in Minster yard, in now located in the York Corporation Art Gallery, St. Leonard’s; it was established in 1842 by a grant of money from Government & subscriptions, & is administered by the Education Committee of the York Corporation, in connection with the Board of Education, south Kensington; John Windass, headmaster.

The Yorkshire school for the Blind, which occupies the Manor house, St. Leonard’s, near Bootham bar, was established in 1833, in memory of W. Wilberforce esq. Sometime M.P. for the county, & educates 70 children of both sexes, who are also taught certain mechanical handicrafts; the school building, constructed by Hen. VIII. out of the ruins of St. Mary’s Abbey, was partly rebuilt, in the reigns of Elizabeth James I. & Charles I.; a new wing was added in 1901; the annual income in 1903 amounted to £5,000; the funds of this institution are invested in Government securities, Railway debentures & Corporation stock.

Blue Coat Charity school, Peasholme green; this school was founded 1705 for 40 (but there are now 70) poor boys, who are educated & provided for between the ages of 8 & 14. The building occupied by the charity, & called St. Anthony’s Hall, anciently belonged to the Guild of St. Anthony, & was erected about 1450, restored about 1646 & enlarged in 1902; the open timber roof is a very fine example of its style; the school is supported from endowments & annual subscriptions; Harry Chetwin Hughes, master.

Grey Coat Endowed, Monkgate (girls), founded in 1705, & part of the institution of the Blue Coat school, is partly supported from Haughton’s charity; there are 44 girls; Miss Agnes New, matron Haughton’s, 31 St. Saviourgate, was founded in 1773, for 20 boys, by William Haughton; George Henry Golledge, master.

York Education Committee consists of 15 Council & 9 representative members.

Offices, Clifford street.

The ordinary meetings of the committee are held on the third Friday in each month at the offices.

Secretary, Joseph Harold Mason, Clifford street.

Assistant secretary, George Henry Gray.

Medical Inspector, Ernest Edward Scott Joseph Galbraith L.R.C.P. & S.Edin., D.P.H.R.C.P.S.Lond. 24 St. Saviourgate.

Attendance Officers, William Thorpe, 49 Park grove; James Doherty, 40 Grosvenor terrace; George Longstaff, 57 Moss street; Richard William Archer, 7 Emerald street & William Henry Clarkson, 13 Fishergate.

Municipal secondary school for Girls, Queen Ann’s rd. Bootham, erected in 1908—10 from designs by Mr. W. H. Brierley, architect, of York, at a total cost, including site & grounds of five acres, of £16,137; the building includes a central hall, class rooms, laboratories & dining room. There is accommodation for 270 scholars; Miss Emily Netherwood B.A. principal.

Technical classes are held in the Public Library, Clifford street (room No. 6); W. T. Whincup, head teacher; science classes in the Railway Institute, Queen street; J. M. W. Mason, sec.

Council schools

Castlegate (girls & infants), opened in 1913, for 540 children.

Fishergate (mixed & infants), erected in 1895 at a cost of £17,496, for 1,252 children; average attendance, 674 boys & girls & 245 infants.

Haxby road (mixed & infants), erected in 1903, at a cost of £19,112, for 1,200 children; average attendance, 570 boys & girls & 195 infants.

Layerthorpe (infants), for 128 infants, opened in 1913.

Park Grove (mixed & infants), erected in 1895 at a cost of £18,473, for 1,489 children; average attendance, 699 boys & girls & 285 infants.

Poppleton road (mixed & infants), erected in 1904 at a cost of £21,108, for 1,274 children; average attendance, 587 boys & girls & 193 infants.

Scarcroft road (mixed & infants), erected in 1890—6 at a cost of £21,202, for 1,515 children; average attendance, 825 boys & girls & 305 infants.

Shipton street (girls & infants), erected in 1890 & enlarged in 1894, at a cost of 9,325, for 842 children; was rearranged 1912, for 300 girls, 300 infants & 150 junior mixed; average attendance, 241 girls & 227 infants.

Brook street (temporary), opened in 1912, for 282 boys; average attendance, 231 boys.

South Bank (temporary), opened in 1911, for 146 infants; average attendance, 114 infants.

Holgate Bridge special for 70 mentally defective boys, opened in 1911; average attendance, 55 boys.

Voluntary schools.

Bedern, Goodramgate, erected in 1873 & enlarged in 1804 & re-arranged in 1912, for 238 boys & 206 girls; average attendance, 189 boys & 183 girls.

Bilton street (boys & girls), erected in 1832 & since enlarged, for 203 boys & 126 girls; average attendance, boys 129, girls 120.

Clifton (girls), for 128 children; average attendance, 84.

Heworth (mixed & infants), erected in 1870 & since enlarged, for 295 boys & girls & 110 infants; average attendance, 144 boys & girls & 59 infants.

Manor, St. Leonard’s place, for 362 boys; average attendance, 156.

Micklegate, Queen street (boys), erected in 1852, for 250 children; average attendance, 184.

Micklegate, Blossom street (girls & infants), erected in 1830, for 135 girls & 120 infants; average attendance, 136 girls & 111 infants.

Model school, Lord Mayor’s walk, erected in 1899, for 210 boys; average attendance, 134.

St. Clement’s, Cherry street, for 420 boys, 318 girls & 289 infants; average attendance, 328 boys. 293 girls & 247 infants.

St. Dennis, Piccadilly (boys, girls & infants), erected in 1870, for 216 boys, 122 girls & 140 infants; average attendance, 122 boys, 99 girls & 100 infants.

St. Lawrence, Lawrence street, erected in 1871 & enlarged in 1888, for 323 boys, 304 girls & 317 infanta; average attendance, 240 boys, 213 girls & 219 infants.

St. Margaret’s, school street, Walmgate (mixed & infants), for 240 boys & girls & 119 infants; average attendance, 181 boys & girls & 88 infants.

St. Paul’s terrace, erected in 1874, for 189 boys, 202 girls & 121 infants; average attendance, 114 boys, 125 girls & 102 infants.

St. Paul’s, Foundry, Bright street, Leeman road (mixed), erected in 1887 & enlarged in 1891, for 292 children; average attendance, 233; William Wheatley, master; infants, to hold 311; average attendance, 189.

St. Thomas’, Lowther street (girls & infants), erected in 1859, for 248 girls si 172 infants; average attendance, 164 girls & 139 infants.

St. George’s Catholic, George street (boys, girls & infants), for 243 boys, 200 girls & 300 infants; average attendance, 176 boys, 167 girls & 190 infants; sister Louise, boys’ mistress.

St. Wilfrid’s Catholic, Monkgate (mixed & infants), for 337 boys & girls & 247 infants; average attendance, 246 boys & girls & 134 infants; sister St. Anthony, mistress.

Catholic of the English Martyrs, Blossom street, erected in 1885, for 226 boys & girls & 100 infants; average attendance, 133 boys & girls & 55 infants.

Wesleyan Methodist, Priory street (Higher Grade), erected in 1856 & enlarged in 1881, again in 1891 & again in 1912, for 640 mixed & 174 infants; average attendance, 540 mixed & 121 infants.

Industrial schools

York Certified, Marygate (boys), founded in 1848, certified in 1858, for 120 children.

York Certified, 84 Lowther street (girls), certified in 1877; Miss S. J. Bell, matron; Donald S. Mackay, hon. Sec.; John Kitching, hon. treasurer.