DUBHGALL, Fiongall: These epithets applied to Danes and Norwegians in early Gaelic records cannot refer to complexion or hair as both are fair-haired and of clear complexion. There must have been some other diversity to give rise to the names. Dubh and Finn, says Kendrick, "is usually assumed to be a distinction between dark Danes and fair Norwegians. But it is really a distinction of only dubious ethnological value" (A History of the Vikings, 1930, p. 275 n.). The epithets Dugall and Fingall applied by the Gaels to the natives of Norway and Denmark, says Robertson, are "derived probably from some long forgotten distinction in dress or armour rather than from any difference in personal appearance or in nationality . The Fingall are sometimes supposed to have been Norwegians and the Dugall Danes, a fanciful distinction apparently, as Thorsteinn Olaveson was king of the Dugall (AU., 874), and his father Olave was undoubtedly a Norwegian. The Hy Ivar, chiefs of the Dugall, were undoubtedly a Danish race, for the Northmen who slew Elli at York in 867 were Dugall, and known as Scaldings or Skioldingr of the royal race of Denmark" (Scotland under her early kings, v. I, p. 42, and references there noted).