East Surname
Approximately 38,512 people bear this surname
East Surname Definition:
This surname is derived from a geographical locality. 'at the east'; from residence at the east end of the town or village. compare West, North, and South.
Robert del Est, Cambridgeshire, 1273. Hundred Rolls.
Richard Est, Lincolnshire, ibid.
Read More About This SurnameEast Surname Distribution Map
| Place | Incidence | Frequency | Rank in Area |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 17,497 | 1:20,715 | 2,619 |
| England | 8,142 | 1:6,843 | 994 |
| Australia | 3,586 | 1:7,528 | 1,116 |
| Ethiopia | 2,576 | 1:37,867 | 4,280 |
| Canada | 1,193 | 1:30,885 | 4,027 |
| Jamaica | 711 | 1:4,036 | 563 |
| New Zealand | 662 | 1:6,840 | 1,156 |
| Egypt | 610 | 1:150,714 | 11,610 |
| Saudi Arabia | 477 | 1:64,687 | 9,689 |
| Iran | 453 | 1:169,498 | 14,373 |
| Bangladesh | 451 | 1:353,341 | 9,758 |
| South Africa | 426 | 1:127,178 | 14,944 |
| Wales | 377 | 1:8,208 | 910 |
| India | 146 | 1:5,253,872 | 129,394 |
| Kenya | 132 | 1:349,848 | 20,694 |
| Scotland | 97 | 1:55,194 | 4,640 |
| France | 82 | 1:810,033 | 97,301 |
| China | 62 | 1:22,053,574 | 1,221 |
| Bahrain | 59 | 1:22,858 | 4,582 |
| Thailand | 51 | 1:1,385,066 | 192,885 |
| Chile | 45 | 1:391,477 | 10,650 |
| Pakistan | 44 | 1:4,060,088 | 28,888 |
| Singapore | 39 | 1:141,223 | 6,278 |
| Ireland | 38 | 1:123,919 | 6,102 |
| Estonia | 38 | 1:34,784 | 6,408 |
| Argentina | 32 | 1:1,335,732 | 76,713 |
| Qatar | 31 | 1:76,064 | 7,685 |
| Jersey | 30 | 1:3,307 | 613 |
| Malaysia | 27 | 1:1,092,379 | 48,277 |
| Philippines | 26 | 1:3,893,778 | 155,597 |
| Germany | 25 | 1:3,220,218 | 147,383 |
| Isle of Man | 25 | 1:3,433 | 731 |
| Northern Ireland | 24 | 1:76,876 | 5,365 |
| Israel | 23 | 1:372,071 | 30,321 |
| Sweden | 21 | 1:468,893 | 33,666 |
| Liberia | 15 | 1:293,902 | 16,977 |
| Netherlands | 15 | 1:1,125,812 | 68,885 |
| Hong Kong | 14 | 1:523,963 | 3,360 |
| Brazil | 13 | 1:16,467,256 | 295,032 |
| Peru | 13 | 1:2,444,933 | 27,186 |
| Indonesia | 12 | 1:11,020,766 | 390,383 |
| Guam | 8 | 1:20,015 | 3,029 |
| Spain | 8 | 1:5,844,004 | 86,878 |
| United Arab Emirates | 8 | 1:1,145,284 | 40,289 |
| Japan | 7 | 1:18,263,470 | 47,869 |
| Mexico | 7 | 1:17,732,315 | 50,495 |
| Czechia | 6 | 1:1,772,245 | 105,647 |
| Denmark | 6 | 1:940,786 | 47,603 |
| Uganda | 6 | 1:6,506,546 | 123,710 |
| Belgium | 5 | 1:2,299,329 | 106,824 |
| Poland | 5 | 1:7,601,750 | 167,855 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 5 | 1:272,795 | 11,064 |
| Bahamas | 4 | 1:97,938 | 1,027 |
| East Timor | 4 | 1:303,982 | 255 |
| Ghana | 4 | 1:6,755,173 | 15,406 |
| Greece | 4 | 1:2,769,948 | 101,568 |
| Morocco | 4 | 1:8,619,025 | 73,251 |
| Turkey | 4 | 1:19,455,356 | 155,681 |
| Barbados | 3 | 1:95,816 | 1,797 |
| Falkland Islands | 3 | 1:1,044 | 221 |
| Finland | 3 | 1:1,832,234 | 57,803 |
| Italy | 3 | 1:20,385,563 | 143,117 |
| Nigeria | 3 | 1:59,047,586 | 507,603 |
| Norway | 3 | 1:1,714,095 | 79,528 |
| Panama | 3 | 1:1,304,086 | 13,647 |
| Russia | 3 | 1:48,041,019 | 639,186 |
| South Korea | 3 | 1:17,080,085 | 2,793 |
| Switzerland | 3 | 1:2,737,638 | 105,941 |
| Ukraine | 3 | 1:15,174,232 | 372,501 |
| Algeria | 2 | 1:19,315,776 | 97,017 |
| Austria | 2 | 1:4,257,718 | 99,224 |
| Cyprus | 2 | 1:442,438 | 9,493 |
| Vietnam | 2 | 1:46,323,027 | 5,235 |
| Angola | 1 | 1:26,989,214 | 11,853 |
| Azerbaijan | 1 | 1:9,649,122 | 47,873 |
| Belize | 1 | 1:355,474 | 3,977 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 1:3,536,402 | 19,532 |
| Cambodia | 1 | 1:15,487,146 | 14,824 |
| Colombia | 1 | 1:47,774,072 | 44,230 |
| Cook Islands | 1 | 1:18,179 | 1,485 |
| Fiji | 1 | 1:894,391 | 4,568 |
| French Polynesia | 1 | 1:280,805 | 7,211 |
| Gibraltar | 1 | 1:33,954 | 1,660 |
| Guyana | 1 | 1:762,221 | 14,420 |
| Jordan | 1 | 1:8,842,437 | 26,010 |
| Kazakhstan | 1 | 1:17,682,496 | 204,010 |
| Kuwait | 1 | 1:3,800,694 | 27,187 |
| Lebanon | 1 | 1:5,637,083 | 32,436 |
| Lithuania | 1 | 1:3,034,588 | 47,401 |
| Luxembourg | 1 | 1:580,542 | 15,155 |
| Madagascar | 1 | 1:23,649,837 | 9,420 |
| Mali | 1 | 1:16,969,035 | 4,067 |
| Malta | 1 | 1:430,272 | 3,380 |
| Monaco | 1 | 1:37,066 | 4,748 |
| Myanmar | 1 | 1:51,937,985 | 2,166 |
| Nicaragua | 1 | 1:6,021,090 | 8,768 |
| Oman | 1 | 1:3,687,971 | 14,390 |
| Papua New Guinea | 1 | 1:8,153,717 | 181,784 |
| Portugal | 1 | 1:10,418,241 | 25,048 |
| Puerto Rico | 1 | 1:3,550,139 | 9,109 |
| Romania | 1 | 1:20,077,870 | 89,414 |
| Rwanda | 1 | 1:11,364,978 | 5,947 |
| Sudan | 1 | 1:37,510,195 | 14,259 |
| Syria | 1 | 1:19,301,022 | 22,457 |
| Taiwan | 1 | 1:23,444,746 | 93,622 |
| Tanzania | 1 | 1:52,941,613 | 123,716 |
| United States Virgin Islands | 1 | 1:110,375 | 6,934 |
| Uzbekistan | 1 | 1:30,929,142 | 67,786 |
| Venezuela | 1 | 1:30,204,077 | 85,459 |
| Place | Incidence | Frequency | Rank in Area |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ireland | 33 | 1:134,238 | 7,606 |
| Place | Incidence | Frequency | Rank in Area |
|---|---|---|---|
| England | 4,578 | 1:5,324 | 809 |
| Wales | 56 | 1:28,007 | 1,576 |
| Scotland | 29 | 1:129,076 | 5,773 |
| Place | Incidence | Frequency | Rank in Area |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 2,842 | 1:17,670 | 2,255 |
East (4,928) may also be a first name.
East Surname Meaning
From Where Does The Surname Originate? meaning and history
This surname is derived from a geographical locality. 'at the east'; from residence at the east end of the town or village. compare West, North, and South.
Robert del Est, Cambridgeshire, 1273. Hundred Rolls.
Richard Est, Lincolnshire, ibid.
Geoffrey Est, Oxfordshire, ibid.
Emma ate Estend, Oxfordshire, ibid.
Hugh ate Estend, Oxfordshire, ibid.
This of course implies residence at the east end. The 'West End' has long been familiar to us.
(English) 1 Dweller at the East (end of the village, &c.) or One from the East (of England) [Middle English est(e, Old English eást] Robert de la Este.—Hundred Rolls 2 (occasionally) the Anglo-Saxon pers.-name component East- [Old English east] or Est- [Old English ést, grace, favour, bounty]
(English) One who came from an easterly place; dweller at the east end of the village.
See under North. Del Est, "of the East." H.R.
Amelot Best, or D’Est, was of Normandy, 1195 (Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae). Est occurs in England frequently, c. 1272 (Rotuli Hundredorum). Temp. Henry III. the lands of Richard de Este, Essex, are mentioned (Hunter, Rot. Select. 255); Walter Est, 31 E. 1., witnessed a charter of Wroxton Abbey, Oxford (Mon. ii. 327). Hence the Baronets East.
User-submitted Reference
(English) One who came from the east i.e. the East of England. Alternately it can mean someone who came from the east side of a town or village.
(Irish) One who came from Leinster, Wales or England.
- dinn315East Demographics
East Religious Adherence
in Ireland
Religious Adherence
in Ireland
East Last Name Facts
Where Does The Last Name East Come From? nationality or country of origin
East (Arabic: ايست, Hindi: पूर्व, Oriya: ପାତ) is found most frequently in The United States. It can appear in the variant forms:. Click here to see other possible spellings of this name.
How Common Is The Last Name East? popularity and diffusion
The surname East is the 14,476th most commonly held last name world-wide It is held by approximately 1 in 189,228 people. The surname East is mostly found in The Americas, where 47 percent of East are found; 45 percent are found in North America and 45 percent are found in Anglo-North America. East is also the 97,078th most frequently occurring first name throughout the world, borne by 4,928 people.
The surname East is most widespread in The United States, where it is borne by 17,497 people, or 1 in 20,715. In The United States East is most prevalent in: Texas, where 10 percent live, Virginia, where 7 percent live and North Carolina, where 6 percent live. Excluding The United States it exists in 108 countries. It also occurs in England, where 21 percent live and Australia, where 9 percent live.
East Family Population Trend historical fluctuation
The occurrence of East has changed over time. In The United States the number of people bearing the East surname grew 616 percent between 1880 and 2014; in England it grew 178 percent between 1881 and 2014; in Wales it grew 673 percent between 1881 and 2014; in Scotland it grew 334 percent between 1881 and 2014 and in Ireland it grew 115 percent between 1901 and 2014.
East Last Name Statistics demography
The religious devotion of those holding the East last name is predominantly Anglican (81%) in Ireland.
In The United States those bearing the East last name are 15.47% more likely to be registered with the Republican Party than The US average, with 62.24% being registered to vote for the political party.
The amount East earn in different countries varies greatly. In Peru they earn 61.72% less than the national average, earning S/. 7,420 per year; in South Africa they earn 61.6% more than the national average, earning R 384,024 per year; in United States they earn 4.89% less than the national average, earning $41,039 USD per year and in Canada they earn 0.16% less than the national average, earning $49,603 CAD per year.
Phonetically Similar Names
| Surname | Similarity | Worldwide Incidence | Prevalency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Easte | 89 | 112 | / |
| Heast | 89 | 33 | / |
| Geast | 89 | 20 | / |
| Easth | 89 | 6 | / |
| Eeast | 89 | 5 | / |
| Easts | 89 | 2 | / |
| Ieast | 89 | 1 | / |
| Jeast | 89 | 1 | / |
| Ejast | 89 | 1 | / |
| Easht | 89 | 0 | / |
| Easet | 89 | 0 | / |
| Est | 86 | 7,923 | / |
| Ast | 86 | 5,563 | / |
| Eas | 86 | 728 | / |
| Eat | 86 | 49 | / |
| Ehaste | 80 | 42 | / |
| Ehaust | 80 | 7 | / |
| Jeaste | 80 | 4 | / |
| Heaste | 80 | 3 | / |
| O'East | 80 | 1 | / |
| Eaohst | 80 | 0 | / |
| Gast | 75 | 17,128 | / |
| Aust | 75 | 16,074 | / |
| Eads | 75 | 12,099 | / |
| Gest | 75 | 3,345 | / |
| Eyas | 75 | 3,263 | / |
| Aste | 75 | 2,828 | / |
| Hast | 75 | 2,620 | / |
| Este | 75 | 2,563 | / |
| Eash | 75 | 2,335 | / |
| Ejas | 75 | 1,608 | / |
| Oest | 75 | 1,430 | / |
| Jast | 75 | 360 | / |
| Geas | 75 | 321 | / |
| Hest | 75 | 314 | / |
| Asth | 75 | 309 | / |
| Heas | 75 | 269 | / |
| Ehat | 75 | 238 | / |
| Ehst | 75 | 182 | / |
| Eazt | 75 | 154 | / |
| Heat | 75 | 141 | / |
| Eist | 75 | 139 | / |
| Iest | 75 | 125 | / |
| Eate | 75 | 123 | / |
| Yast | 75 | 121 | / |
| Aist | 75 | 96 | / |
| Geat | 75 | 93 | / |
| Ehas | 75 | 88 | / |
| Eath | 75 | 73 | / |
| Yest | 75 | 64 | / |
| Asht | 75 | 63 | / |
| Astp | 75 | 60 | / |
| Eyat | 75 | 52 | / |
| Ejat | 75 | 51 | / |
| Euas | 75 | 49 | / |
| Eyst | 75 | 46 | / |
| Uest | 75 | 44 | / |
| Eatt | 75 | 39 | / |
| Eias | 75 | 36 | / |
| Șest | 75 | 32 | / |
| Esst | 75 | 28 | / |
| Eost | 75 | 19 | / |
| Asdt | 75 | 18 | / |
| Ease | 75 | 17 | / |
| Aest | 75 | 17 | / |
| Exst | 75 | 16 | / |
| Esth | 75 | 14 | / |
| Eiat | 75 | 13 | / |
| Eass | 75 | 9 | / |
| Astt | 75 | 7 | / |
| Aast | 75 | 7 | / |
| Asst | 75 | 6 | / |
| Aszt | 75 | 6 | / |
| Esdt | 75 | 6 | / |
| Esht | 75 | 5 | / |
| Eats | 75 | 4 | / |
| Eust | 75 | 4 | / |
| Ests | 75 | 4 | / |
| Eeas | 75 | 2 | / |
| Asts | 75 | 2 | / |
| Estø | 75 | 2 | / |
| Ieas | 75 | 2 | / |
| Estp | 75 | 2 | / |
| Eszt | 75 | 2 | / |
| Ezst | 75 | 2 | / |
| Easd | 75 | 2 | / |
| Iast | 75 | 1 | / |
| Easj | 75 | 1 | / |
| Easz | 75 | 1 | / |
| Eazs | 75 | 1 | / |
| Eest | 75 | 1 | / |
| Estë | 75 | 1 | / |
| Ieat | 75 | 1 | / |
| Ahst | 75 | 1 | / |
| Easp | 75 | 1 | / |
| Easx | 75 | 1 | / |
| Eadt | 75 | 1 | / |
| Eeat | 75 | 1 | / |
| Estd | 75 | 1 | / |
| Esjt | 75 | 1 | / |
| Euat | 75 | 1 | / |
| Atst | 75 | 1 | / |
| Astd | 75 | 1 | / |
| Estz | 75 | 0 | / |
| Eassett | 73 | 2 | / |
| Heath | 67 | 118,642 | / |
| As | 67 | 103,546 | / |
| Es | 67 | 51,668 | / |
| At | 67 | 32,878 | / |
| Et | 67 | 11,292 | / |
| Ea | 67 | 4,674 | / |
| Haist | 67 | 3,338 | / |
| Haste | 67 | 2,739 | / |
| Heist | 67 | 2,621 | / |
| Heads | 67 | 1,409 | / |
| Heyat | 67 | 1,287 | / |
| Geyst | 67 | 1,031 | / |
| Geest | 67 | 911 | / |
| Yoast | 67 | 502 | / |
| Haast | 67 | 452 | / |
| Hiest | 67 | 450 | / |
| Ashte | 67 | 420 | / |
| Haust | 67 | 390 | / |
| Heate | 67 | 316 | / |
| Yaste | 67 | 309 | / |
| Gaist | 67 | 307 | / |
| Euste | 67 | 293 | / |
| Ehasz | 67 | 267 | / |
| Eatts | 67 | 222 | / |
| Auste | 67 | 202 | / |
| Gaszt | 67 | 134 | / |
| Heust | 67 | 130 | / |
| Hestø | 67 | 128 | / |
| Hasht | 67 | 107 | / |
| Jaste | 67 | 104 | / |
| Gayst | 67 | 100 | / |
| Hyest | 67 | 92 | / |
| Geyas | 67 | 87 | / |
| Hease | 67 | 68 | / |
| Ehatt | 67 | 60 | / |
| Gejas | 67 | 60 | / |
| Eatch | 67 | 58 | / |
| Austt | 67 | 52 | / |
| Hasth | 67 | 48 | / |
| Jaust | 67 | 47 | / |
| Eyate | 67 | 47 | / |
| Hejas | 67 | 45 | / |
| Gajst | 67 | 45 | / |
| Esthe | 67 | 42 | / |
| Gaust | 67 | 35 | / |
| Gaest | 67 | 35 | / |
| Aasht | 67 | 33 | / |
| Easse | 67 | 31 | / |
| Eshte | 67 | 30 | / |
| Astte | 67 | 28 | / |
| Gaast | 67 | 28 | / |
| Heyst | 67 | 25 | / |
| Eeset | 67 | 23 | / |
| Geass | 67 | 21 | / |
| Ajist | 67 | 20 | / |
| Yaset | 67 | 19 | / |
| Gasht | 67 | 18 | / |
| Aiste | 67 | 17 | / |
| Heats | 67 | 16 | / |
| Heaxt | 67 | 16 | / |
| Awest | 67 | 14 | / |
| Eyase | 67 | 14 | / |
| Ashtt | 67 | 12 | / |
| Heste | 67 | 12 | / |
| Auest | 67 | 12 | / |
| Geias | 67 | 12 | / |
| Eiste | 67 | 12 | / |
| Aastø | 67 | 12 | / |
| Iejas | 67 | 12 | / |
| Heest | 67 | 11 | / |
| Jaist | 67 | 11 | / |
| Ajust | 67 | 11 | / |
| Eiset | 67 | 10 | / |
| Heiat | 67 | 9 | / |
| Hehat | 67 | 9 | / |
| Asthe | 67 | 9 | / |
| Eazzt | 67 | 9 | / |
| Owest | 67 | 8 | / |
| Hesht | 67 | 7 | / |
| Ayist | 67 | 7 | / |
| Gejat | 67 | 6 | / |
| Eatte | 67 | 6 | / |
| Ejash | 67 | 6 | / |
| Geiat | 67 | 6 | / |
| E'Att | 67 | 5 | / |
| Heeat | 67 | 5 | / |
| Estte | 67 | 5 | / |
| Astts | 67 | 5 | / |
| Eystø | 67 | 5 | / |
| Heash | 67 | 4 | / |
| Heatt | 67 | 4 | / |
| Hayst | 67 | 4 | / |
| Aistė | 67 | 4 | / |
| Gehst | 67 | 4 | / |
| Esstt | 67 | 4 | / |
| Yadst | 67 | 4 | / |
| Eoste | 67 | 3 | / |
| Ehjas | 67 | 3 | / |
| Hejat | 67 | 3 | / |
| Oyast | 67 | 3 | / |
| Hastt | 67 | 3 | / |
| Goest | 67 | 3 | / |
| Gasst | 67 | 3 | / |
| Esste | 67 | 3 | / |
| Astås | 67 | 3 | / |
| Yasht | 67 | 3 | / |
| Eyass | 67 | 3 | / |
| Headt | 67 | 2 | / |
| Ehias | 67 | 2 | / |
| Jasth | 67 | 2 | / |
| Aaste | 67 | 2 | / |
| Eejas | 67 | 2 | / |
| Ehass | 67 | 2 | / |
| Austs | 67 | 2 | / |
| Austė | 67 | 2 | / |
| Gejst | 67 | 2 | / |
| Eyath | 67 | 2 | / |
| Jeest | 67 | 1 | / |
| Oesth | 67 | 1 | / |
| Hests | 67 | 1 | / |
| Hestt | 67 | 1 | / |
| Heeas | 67 | 1 | / |
| Heasd | 67 | 1 | / |
| Hasdt | 67 | 1 | / |
| Hastd | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ihast | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ijast | 67 | 1 | / |
| Heyas | 67 | 1 | / |
| Hezst | 67 | 1 | / |
| Hiast | 67 | 1 | / |
| Hieat | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eashe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eassh | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eadse | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eadte | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ejajs | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ejass | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ejatt | 67 | 1 | / |
| Estpp | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eyash | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eyste | 67 | 1 | / |
| Geatt | 67 | 1 | / |
| Gasdt | 67 | 1 | / |
| Geszt | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ahast | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ajest | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ajost | 67 | 1 | / |
| Austh | 67 | 1 | / |
| Heuas | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eahse | 67 | 1 | / |
| Aisht | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ouest | 67 | 1 | / |
| Hastø | 67 | 1 | / |
| Gesht | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ejasz | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ehsht | 67 | 1 | / |
| D'Est | 67 | 1 | / |
| Aysht | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eaazt | 67 | 1 | / |
| Jaast | 67 | 1 | / |
| Adsst | 67 | 1 | / |
| Yasth | 67 | 1 | / |
| Adsth | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ejaht | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ehyat | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eshtd | 67 | 1 | / |
| Esths | 67 | 1 | / |
| Etstt | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ashth | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ayast | 67 | 0 | / |
| Eadds | 67 | 0 | / |
| Gesst | 67 | 0 | / |
| Heias | 67 | 0 | / |
| Heass | 67 | 0 | / |
| Astch | 67 | 0 | / |
| Geash | 67 | 0 | / |
| Yasst | 67 | 0 | / |
| Gestt | 67 | 0 | / |
| Easch | 67 | 0 | / |
| Eacht | 67 | 0 | / |
| Heatz | 67 | 0 | / |
East Name Transliterations
| Transliteration | ICU Latin | Percentage of Incidence |
|---|---|---|
| East in the Hindi language | ||
| पूर्व | purva | - |
| East in the Oriya language | ||
| ପାତ | pata | - |
| East in the Arabic language | ||
| ايست | ayst | - |
Search for Another Surname
East Reference & Research
East FamilyTree DNA Group - A group collating DNA test results for those who bear the surname, includes results of DNA tests and discussions.
East FamilyTree DNA Project - A description of a group researching the paternal lines of men who bear the surname with the help of DNA analysis.
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Footnotes
- Surnames are taken as the first part of an person's inherited family name, caste, clan name or in some cases patronymic
- Descriptions may contain details on the name's etymology, origin, ethnicity and history. They are largely reproduced from 3rd party sources; diligence is advised on accepting their validity - more information
- Name distribution statistics are generated from a global database of over 4 billion people - more information
- Heatmap: Dark red means there is a higher occurrence of the name, transitioning to light yellow signifies a progressively lower occurrence. Clicking on selected countries will show mapping at a regional level
- Rank: Name are ranked by incidence using the ordinal ranking method; the name that occurs the most is assigned a rank of 1; name that occur less frequently receive an incremented rank; if two or more name occur the same number of times they are assigned the same rank and successive rank is incremented by the total preceeding names
- Ethnic group cannot necessarily be determined by geographic occurrence
- Similar: Names listed in the "Similar" section are phonetically similar and may not have any relation to East
- To find out more about this surname's family history, lookup records on FamilySearch, MyHeritage, FindMyPast and Ancestry. Further information may be obtained by DNA analysis