Ebey Surname
Approximately 1,380 people bear this surname
Ebey Surname Definition:
(English, Swiss) Descendant of Eby, a pet form of Ebbe or Ebba (boar).
Ebey Surname Distribution Map
| Place | Incidence | Frequency | Rank in Area |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 569 | 1:637,010 | 51,261 |
| Mauritania | 298 | 1:13,741 | 1,318 |
| Nigeria | 273 | 1:648,875 | 30,450 |
| DR Congo | 144 | 1:513,053 | 40,658 |
| Cameroon | 22 | 1:944,049 | 61,779 |
| India | 19 | 1:40,371,862 | 445,856 |
| Indonesia | 14 | 1:9,446,371 | 356,066 |
| Ivory Coast | 7 | 1:3,295,890 | 46,139 |
| United Arab Emirates | 6 | 1:1,527,046 | 51,993 |
| Taiwan | 4 | 1:5,861,186 | 33,577 |
| Kuwait | 4 | 1:950,174 | 18,811 |
| Saudi Arabia | 4 | 1:7,713,954 | 37,548 |
| Niger | 2 | 1:9,596,008 | 86,358 |
| Russia | 2 | 1:72,061,528 | 727,117 |
| England | 2 | 1:27,859,030 | 389,889 |
| Benin | 2 | 1:5,167,801 | 84,334 |
| Oman | 1 | 1:3,687,971 | 14,390 |
| Australia | 1 | 1:26,995,701 | 270,794 |
| Sri Lanka | 1 | 1:20,808,560 | 18,521 |
| Kazakhstan | 1 | 1:17,682,496 | 204,010 |
| Tunisia | 1 | 1:610,626 | 30,336 |
| Turkey | 1 | 1:77,821,422 | 191,047 |
| Germany | 1 | 1:80,505,459 | 560,955 |
| Denmark | 1 | 1:5,644,715 | 93,155 |
| Place | Incidence | Frequency | Rank in Area |
|---|---|---|---|
| England | 3 | 1:8,125,123 | 158,686 |
| Place | Incidence | Frequency | Rank in Area |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 158 | 1:317,840 | 24,909 |
The alternate forms: Ebéy (15) & Ebèy (1) are calculated separately.
Ebey (279) may also be a first name.
Ebey Surname Meaning
From Where Does The Surname Originate? meaning and history
(English, Swiss) Descendant of Eby, a pet form of Ebbe or Ebba (boar).
Ebey Demographics
Average Male Ebey Height
178.37 cm
Sample is predominantly from Anglosphere countries
Ebey Last Name Facts
Where Does The Last Name Ebey Come From? nationality or country of origin
The surname Ebey (Hassaniya-Arabic: ﺍﺑﻲ, Russian: Ебэй) occurs most in The United States. It may also appear in the variant forms: Ebéy or Ebèy. Click here to see other possible spellings of Ebey.
How Common Is The Last Name Ebey? popularity and diffusion
The surname is the 279,970th most frequently held family name on earth, borne by approximately 1 in 5,280,830 people. This last name occurs predominantly in Africa, where 54 percent of Ebey reside; 42 percent reside in West Africa and 37 percent reside in Anglo-North America. It is also the 531,524th most frequent first name world-wide, borne by 279 people.
This last name is most frequently held in The United States, where it is borne by 569 people, or 1 in 637,010. In The United States Ebey is most numerous in: Louisiana, where 26 percent are found, California, where 11 percent are found and Illinois, where 9 percent are found. Beside The United States this last name is found in 23 countries. It is also common in Mauritania, where 22 percent are found and Nigeria, where 20 percent are found.
Ebey Family Population Trend historical fluctuation
The frequency of Ebey has changed through the years. In The United States the number of people carrying the Ebey last name rose 360 percent between 1880 and 2014 and in England it decreased 33 percent between 1881 and 2014.
Ebey Last Name Statistics demography
In The United States those holding the Ebey surname are 27.54% more likely to be registered with the Republican Party than The US average, with 74.31% registered with the party.
Ebey earn somewhat less than the average income. In United States they earn 5.32% less than the national average, earning $40,852 USD per year.
Phonetically Similar Names
| Surname | Similarity | Worldwide Incidence | Prevalency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ebéy | 92 | 15 | / |
| Ebèy | 92 | 1 | / |
| Ebeye | 89 | 883 | / |
| Ebeya | 89 | 556 | / |
| Ebeyd | 89 | 544 | / |
| Ebeyo | 89 | 98 | / |
| Hebey | 89 | 93 | / |
| Ebeyi | 89 | 86 | / |
| Eybey | 89 | 38 | / |
| Eibey | 89 | 35 | / |
| Gebey | 89 | 29 | / |
| Esbey | 89 | 20 | / |
| Ebeyh | 89 | 6 | / |
| Ebiey | 89 | 3 | / |
| Ebeyé | 89 | 3 | / |
| Ebhey | 89 | 2 | / |
| Eabey | 89 | 2 | / |
| Eebey | 89 | 2 | / |
| Ehbey | 89 | 1 | / |
| Yebey | 89 | 1 | / |
| Oebey | 89 | 1 | / |
| Eby | 86 | 16,270 | / |
| Ebe | 86 | 15,886 | / |
| Gebeya | 80 | 1,289 | / |
| Hebeye | 80 | 522 | / |
| Ebeyah | 80 | 83 | / |
| Heybey | 80 | 60 | / |
| Heibey | 80 | 44 | / |
| Easbey | 80 | 41 | / |
| Gebeye | 80 | 37 | / |
| Ebeyed | 80 | 28 | / |
| Eisbey | 80 | 10 | / |
| Ebheye | 80 | 8 | / |
| Ebieye | 80 | 8 | / |
| Ebeyih | 80 | 4 | / |
| Jebeyi | 80 | 4 | / |
| Aebeyo | 80 | 3 | / |
| Hebeiy | 80 | 2 | / |
| Hebeya | 80 | 2 | / |
| Ebeych | 80 | 2 | / |
| Ebeyou | 80 | 2 | / |
| Giebey | 80 | 2 | / |
| Ebieya | 80 | 2 | / |
| Esbeyt | 80 | 2 | / |
| Ebeyie | 80 | 2 | / |
| Hehbey | 80 | 1 | / |
| Hebeyt | 80 | 1 | / |
| Ebeihy | 80 | 1 | / |
| Ebeyat | 80 | 1 | / |
| Ebeyeh | 80 | 1 | / |
| Ebeyhi | 80 | 1 | / |
| Ebeyid | 80 | 1 | / |
| E'Beye | 80 | 1 | / |
| Yebeyo | 80 | 1 | / |
| Oebeyi | 80 | 1 | / |
| Yebeye | 80 | 1 | / |
| Eubeyo | 80 | 1 | / |
| Ebehyi | 80 | 1 | / |
| Ebeiyi | 80 | 1 | / |
| Ebeiyo | 80 | 1 | / |
| Gebeyu | 80 | 1 | / |
| Heabey | 80 | 0 | / |
| Abey | 75 | 19,977 | / |
| Ebei | 75 | 6,515 | / |
| Obey | 75 | 5,696 | / |
| Gebe | 75 | 4,600 | / |
| Eber | 75 | 4,499 | / |
| Ebeh | 75 | 3,387 | / |
| Ebie | 75 | 2,726 | / |
| Yebe | 75 | 2,614 | / |
| Ebed | 75 | 2,301 | / |
| Aeby | 75 | 2,204 | / |
| Ebuy | 75 | 1,776 | / |
| Jebe | 75 | 1,669 | / |
| Ebue | 75 | 1,301 | / |
| Hebe | 75 | 1,231 | / |
| Ebay | 75 | 813 | / |
| Evey | 75 | 692 | / |
| Ebet | 75 | 554 | / |
| Eboy | 75 | 487 | / |
| Ibey | 75 | 469 | / |
| Eboe | 75 | 366 | / |
| Ebes | 75 | 357 | / |
| Ebea | 75 | 316 | / |
| Yeby | 75 | 269 | / |
| Eaby | 75 | 231 | / |
| Eybe | 75 | 208 | / |
| Eibe | 75 | 200 | / |
| Ebeu | 75 | 196 | / |
| Heby | 75 | 179 | / |
| Ewey | 75 | 167 | / |
| Ejby | 75 | 152 | / |
| Eiby | 75 | 144 | / |
| Eube | 75 | 126 | / |
| Ebge | 75 | 126 | / |
| Ebee | 75 | 123 | / |
| Jeby | 75 | 109 | / |
| Ebeş | 75 | 91 | / |
| Geby | 75 | 78 | / |
| Ebye | 75 | 51 | / |
| Esbe | 75 | 49 | / |
| Öbey | 75 | 30 | / |
| Esby | 75 | 29 | / |
| Aebe | 75 | 28 | / |
| Eebe | 75 | 22 | / |
| Ebae | 75 | 20 | / |
| Oebe | 75 | 15 | / |
| Eabe | 75 | 10 | / |
| Ejbe | 75 | 9 | / |
| Ebyd | 75 | 8 | / |
| Ebez | 75 | 6 | / |
| Iebe | 75 | 6 | / |
| Ebyo | 75 | 6 | / |
| Ehbe | 75 | 5 | / |
| Euby | 75 | 5 | / |
| Ebyh | 75 | 4 | / |
| Oeby | 75 | 4 | / |
| Ebyt | 75 | 4 | / |
| Ebhy | 75 | 3 | / |
| Ebiy | 75 | 3 | / |
| Eevy | 75 | 2 | / |
| Ebhe | 75 | 2 | / |
| Jbey | 75 | 1 | / |
| Eeby | 75 | 1 | / |
| Ebyi | 75 | 1 | / |
| Șebe | 75 | 1 | / |
| Ybey | 75 | 1 | / |
| Ebej | 75 | 1 | / |
| Ebep | 75 | 1 | / |
| Gebeyhu | 73 | 6,335 | / |
| Ebbeyah | 73 | 11 | / |
| Ebeyahe | 73 | 5 | / |
| Ebeyatt | 73 | 2 | / |
| Ebeyhah | 73 | 1 | / |
| Ebeyhat | 73 | 1 | / |
| Ebeyitt | 73 | 1 | / |
| Ebheyhi | 73 | 1 | / |
| Hessbey | 73 | 0 | / |
| Ebeid | 67 | 21,234 | / |
| Jebet | 67 | 20,508 | / |
| Abeye | 67 | 7,675 | / |
| Heber | 67 | 6,129 | / |
| Abeya | 67 | 6,022 | / |
| Ebeed | 67 | 5,746 | / |
| Heibe | 67 | 5,274 | / |
| Hebie | 67 | 3,924 | / |
| Aybey | 67 | 3,617 | / |
| Abeyu | 67 | 3,223 | / |
| Empey | 67 | 2,877 | / |
| Esber | 67 | 2,249 | / |
| Ebead | 67 | 2,055 | / |
| Eboue | 67 | 1,979 | / |
| Obeya | 67 | 1,736 | / |
| Hevey | 67 | 1,476 | / |
| Ebiya | 67 | 1,213 | / |
| Ebiye | 67 | 1,195 | / |
| Heybe | 67 | 1,056 | / |
| Yebei | 67 | 945 | / |
| Easby | 67 | 926 | / |
| Eiber | 67 | 846 | / |
| Hewey | 67 | 788 | / |
| Ebaye | 67 | 753 | / |
| Ebije | 67 | 750 | / |
| Yebes | 67 | 737 | / |
| Etber | 67 | 521 | / |
| Hoebe | 67 | 502 | / |
| Hesby | 67 | 494 | / |
| Ebaya | 67 | 494 | / |
| Ebayu | 67 | 480 | / |
| Eboya | 67 | 466 | / |
| Ibeyo | 67 | 460 | / |
| Eavey | 67 | 438 | / |
| Eboyi | 67 | 437 | / |
| Ebowe | 67 | 405 | / |
| Jeber | 67 | 380 | / |
| Gibey | 67 | 322 | / |
| Eboye | 67 | 319 | / |
| Gebei | 67 | 311 | / |
| Heiby | 67 | 310 | / |
| Ehibe | 67 | 294 | / |
| Eibes | 67 | 283 | / |
| Yeber | 67 | 278 | / |
| Ebuya | 67 | 257 | / |
| Ibeya | 67 | 256 | / |
| Ijebe | 67 | 223 | / |
| Geboy | 67 | 219 | / |
| Eweye | 67 | 215 | / |
| Ebayi | 67 | 208 | / |
| Hebes | 67 | 193 | / |
| Eibye | 67 | 185 | / |
| Obeye | 67 | 182 | / |
| Geibe | 67 | 160 | / |
| Hebei | 67 | 155 | / |
| Ebeja | 67 | 149 | / |
| Obeyo | 67 | 147 | / |
| Ebeih | 67 | 142 | / |
| Ebest | 67 | 119 | / |
| Jebez | 67 | 95 | / |
| Jebee | 67 | 91 | / |
| Haebe | 67 | 79 | / |
| Hebet | 67 | 79 | / |
| Esbay | 67 | 72 | / |
| Eboje | 67 | 72 | / |
| Eyber | 67 | 64 | / |
| Abeey | 67 | 63 | / |
| Hobey | 67 | 61 | / |
| Jebeh | 67 | 58 | / |
| Abeyo | 67 | 58 | / |
| Ebeje | 67 | 56 | / |
| Hibey | 67 | 55 | / |
| Heuby | 67 | 54 | / |
| Eboyo | 67 | 53 | / |
| Ahbey | 67 | 52 | / |
| Ebeïd | 67 | 52 | / |
| Jeboe | 67 | 50 | / |
| Hebay | 67 | 49 | / |
| Habey | 67 | 47 | / |
| Geebe | 67 | 47 | / |
| Isbey | 67 | 44 | / |
| Eebee | 67 | 44 | / |
| Ebecz | 67 | 42 | / |
| Obeyh | 67 | 40 | / |
| Ebiyi | 67 | 40 | / |
| O'Bey | 67 | 38 | / |
| Ebiyo | 67 | 37 | / |
| Heebe | 67 | 36 | / |
| Geboe | 67 | 36 | / |
| Jeebe | 67 | 36 | / |
| Jebes | 67 | 35 | / |
| Hiebe | 67 | 34 | / |
| Hebyi | 67 | 33 | / |
| Gebhe | 67 | 32 | / |
| Ağbey | 67 | 32 | / |
| Jesby | 67 | 31 | / |
| Oebeu | 67 | 28 | / |
| Ibeye | 67 | 27 | / |
| Ebieh | 67 | 27 | / |
| Eebes | 67 | 27 | / |
| Yeboe | 67 | 27 | / |
| Ebeph | 67 | 25 | / |
| Ebaje | 67 | 25 | / |
| Ejbeh | 67 | 20 | / |
| Aebie | 67 | 19 | / |
| Jebed | 67 | 19 | / |
| Etbay | 67 | 19 | / |
| Ebees | 67 | 18 | / |
| Eweyi | 67 | 17 | / |
| Yebie | 67 | 17 | / |
| Yebeh | 67 | 16 | / |
| Ibeyi | 67 | 16 | / |
| Yebez | 67 | 15 | / |
| Ebeji | 67 | 15 | / |
| Esbee | 67 | 14 | / |
| Ebeeh | 67 | 14 | / |
| Ihebe | 67 | 14 | / |
| Aebeh | 67 | 14 | / |
| Ebayo | 67 | 14 | / |
| Abhey | 67 | 13 | / |
| Ebuye | 67 | 13 | / |
| Eisby | 67 | 12 | / |
| Ebéye | 67 | 12 | / |
| Ehbeh | 67 | 12 | / |
| Hebhe | 67 | 12 | / |
| Ebawe | 67 | 11 | / |
| Ågeby | 67 | 11 | / |
| Hebed | 67 | 10 | / |
| Jebie | 67 | 10 | / |
| Yebee | 67 | 10 | / |
| Ebiea | 67 | 10 | / |
| Ebesh | 67 | 10 | / |
| Evgey | 67 | 9 | / |
| Jeaby | 67 | 9 | / |
| Ebihe | 67 | 9 | / |
| Yebyo | 67 | 9 | / |
| Ebyia | 67 | 9 | / |
| Jeboy | 67 | 8 | / |
| Jeiby | 67 | 8 | / |
| Eibet | 67 | 8 | / |
| Ebedt | 67 | 7 | / |
| Ebbeh | 67 | 7 | / |
| Gebae | 67 | 7 | / |
| Gebue | 67 | 7 | / |
| Essby | 67 | 7 | / |
| Eweya | 67 | 7 | / |
| Hebeh | 67 | 6 | / |
| Aabey | 67 | 6 | / |
| Yobey | 67 | 6 | / |
| Gebea | 67 | 6 | / |
| Jiebe | 67 | 6 | / |
| Abeyà | 67 | 6 | / |
| Ejbue | 67 | 6 | / |
| Hebeň | 67 | 6 | / |
| Eveyi | 67 | 6 | / |
| Esbej | 67 | 6 | / |
| Eabes | 67 | 5 | / |
| Yebay | 67 | 5 | / |
| Gebie | 67 | 5 | / |
| Ebuje | 67 | 5 | / |
| Abeyá | 67 | 5 | / |
| Yebue | 67 | 5 | / |
| Eveyu | 67 | 5 | / |
| Ebahy | 67 | 4 | / |
| Ebeiz | 67 | 4 | / |
| Yoebe | 67 | 4 | / |
| Ebech | 67 | 4 | / |
| Jebej | 67 | 4 | / |
| Gebee | 67 | 4 | / |
| Ebeha | 67 | 4 | / |
| Yebet | 67 | 4 | / |
| Ebych | 67 | 4 | / |
| Ebett | 67 | 3 | / |
| Yebhe | 67 | 3 | / |
| Ebeio | 67 | 3 | / |
| Hejbe | 67 | 3 | / |
| Ieber | 67 | 3 | / |
| Ebess | 67 | 3 | / |
| Ebyeh | 67 | 3 | / |
| Jebyi | 67 | 3 | / |
| Jebay | 67 | 3 | / |
| Iiebe | 67 | 3 | / |
| Evehy | 67 | 3 | / |
| Eybeh | 67 | 3 | / |
| Ebeas | 67 | 3 | / |
| Jebea | 67 | 3 | / |
| Geuey | 67 | 2 | / |
| Eewey | 67 | 2 | / |
| Eabie | 67 | 2 | / |
| Jebei | 67 | 2 | / |
| Jebhe | 67 | 2 | / |
| Hebee | 67 | 2 | / |
| Hebge | 67 | 2 | / |
| Iveey | 67 | 2 | / |
| Ebeie | 67 | 2 | / |
| Ebeit | 67 | 2 | / |
| Eabea | 67 | 2 | / |
| Geeby | 67 | 2 | / |
| Jevey | 67 | 2 | / |
| Ehebe | 67 | 2 | / |
| Ebouy | 67 | 2 | / |
| Jebge | 67 | 2 | / |
| Jebae | 67 | 2 | / |
| Gebay | 67 | 2 | / |
| Ehiby | 67 | 2 | / |
| Ebgay | 67 | 2 | / |
| Gebuy | 67 | 2 | / |
| Heaby | 67 | 1 | / |
| Iebes | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebaie | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebayd | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebeia | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebeud | 67 | 1 | / |
| E'Bay | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eabez | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eeboy | 67 | 1 | / |
| Essbeyii | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eweyt | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eubay | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eveyt | 67 | 1 | / |
| Esbei | 67 | 1 | / |
| Gebhy | 67 | 1 | / |
| Abeyh | 67 | 1 | / |
| Aebei | 67 | 1 | / |
| Aeboy | 67 | 1 | / |
| Gehbe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Heabe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eivey | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eboeh | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebgea | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebiie | 67 | 1 | / |
| Obehy | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eabue | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eebeh | 67 | 1 | / |
| Hyebe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Iebed | 67 | 1 | / |
| Iebee | 67 | 1 | / |
| Iehbe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Heïbe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Jebyh | 67 | 1 | / |
| Jehbe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Jibey | 67 | 1 | / |
| Hebyo | 67 | 1 | / |
| Obhey | 67 | 1 | / |
| Obeiy | 67 | 1 | / |
| Yebea | 67 | 1 | / |
| Yebeu | 67 | 1 | / |
| Yiebe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ejbea | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ejbye | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eubie | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eujbe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eveya | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eveys | 67 | 1 | / |
| Esbhe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebayé | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebe'e | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebeah | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebeiu | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebejo | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eabay | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eabed | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebeuh | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebeîd | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebuie | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebysz | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eebet | 67 | 1 | / |
| Oebie | 67 | 1 | / |
| Obeey | 67 | 1 | / |
| Hhebe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebyie | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eetbe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eibeh | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eibge | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebaeh | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eaibe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Yebae | 67 | 1 | / |
| Aebee | 67 | 1 | / |
| Echbe | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebeer | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ebher | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ejboy | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ehuey | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ettby | 67 | 1 | / |
| Jeube | 67 | 1 | / |
| Ibeyy | 67 | 1 | / |
| Eatby | 67 | 0 | / |
| Hebez | 67 | 0 | / |
| Geiby | 67 | 0 | / |
| Eaber | 67 | 0 | / |
| Ebets | 67 | 0 | / |
| Eibee | 67 | 0 | / |
| Hieby | 67 | 0 | / |
| Ebayh | 67 | 0 | / |
| Eabet | 67 | 0 | / |
| Hoeby | 67 | 0 | / |
| Hebea | 67 | 0 | / |
| Eshby | 67 | 0 | / |
| Hetby | 67 | 0 | / |
| Oybey | 67 | 0 | / |
| Geevy | 67 | 0 | / |
Ebey Name Transliterations
| Transliteration | ICU Latin | Percentage of Incidence |
|---|---|---|
| Ebey in the Hassaniya-Arabic language | ||
| ﺍﺑﻲ | aby | 66.42 |
| ﺃﺑﻲ | aby | 28.47 |
| ﺍﺑﺎﻱ | abay | 1.46 |
| ﺍﺑﻰ | aby | 1.46 |
| ﺍﻟﺒﻲ | alby | 0.73 |
| ﺃﺑﻴﻪ | abyh | 0.73 |
| ﺍﺑﻴﻪ | abyh | 0.73 |
| Ebey in the Russian language | ||
| Ебэй | ebej | - |
Search for Another Surname
The name statistics are still in development, sign up for information on more maps and data
Footnotes
- Surnames are taken as the first part of an person's inherited family name, caste, clan name or in some cases patronymic
- Descriptions may contain details on the name's etymology, origin, ethnicity and history. They are largely reproduced from 3rd party sources; diligence is advised on accepting their validity - more information
- Name distribution statistics are generated from a global database of over 4 billion people - more information
- Heatmap: Dark red means there is a higher occurrence of the name, transitioning to light yellow signifies a progressively lower occurrence. Clicking on selected countries will show mapping at a regional level
- Rank: Name are ranked by incidence using the ordinal ranking method; the name that occurs the most is assigned a rank of 1; name that occur less frequently receive an incremented rank; if two or more name occur the same number of times they are assigned the same rank and successive rank is incremented by the total preceeding names
- Ethnic group cannot necessarily be determined by geographic occurrence
- Similar: Names listed in the "Similar" section are phonetically similar and may not have any relation to Ebey
- To find out more about this surname's family history, lookup records on FamilySearch, MyHeritage, FindMyPast and Ancestry. Further information may be obtained by DNA analysis