This surname is derived from a nickname. 'the red,' a sobriquet given on account of the ruddy face or the sanguine red complexion of the hair; compare Black, White, Russell, Blunt, &c. Middle English reed or rede, red. Reid is a Scottish and N. English variant. Our directories teem with the name in all its forms, as is the case with all nicknames taken from the complexion of hair or face.

Godwin le Rede, Norfolk, 1273. Hundred Rolls.

Roger le Rede, Herefordshire, ibid.

Robert le Rede, Surrey, Henry III-Edward I: Testa de Nevill, sive Liber Feodorum, temp. Henry III-Edward I.

Martin le Rede, et Jacoba uxor ejus, Fines Roll, 1 Edward III.

William Red, Somerset, 1 Edward III: Kirby's Quest.

Robertte Rede, Somerset, 1 Edward III: ibid.

1508. Married — George Warde and Denys Reade: St. Michael, Cornhill.

1592-3. Richard Read, Bedfordshire.: Register of the University of Oxford.

1788. Married — Edward Reed and Elizabeth Mellon: St. George, Hanover Square.

Alex. Reid and Nancy Lewer: ibid.

A form of Reid, which see.

An epithet surname meaning 'red haired' or 'ruddy complexioned.' "The spelling red is modern, like the pronunciation. The e was originally long, and in Chaucer mss. the form is usually reed. In later English it was reede, read, reade; in Scottish reid" (Skeat, A Student's pastime, p. 195). In Latin charters it is rendered Rufus. Ade Ruffus witnessed resignation of the lands of Ingilbristoun in 1204 (Dryburgh, p. 163), and William Rufus was juror on an inquest on the lands of Padevinan in 1259 (APS., I, p. 38; Bain, I, 2175). Gilbert 'le Rede' of Coul was committed to prison and died there in 1296 (Bain, II, p. 192). Red is found as a surname in Aberdeen in 1317 (SCM., V, p. 8), and it is one of the oldest in the parish of Kildrummy. Patrick dictus Rede was on an assize at Rane in 1335 (REA., I, p. 61), John Reed was collector of tithe in the deaneries of Stormonth and Atholl in 1362 (ER., I, p. 110), and James Reed was bailie of the burgh of Stirling in 1364 (ibid., I, p. 146). Reeds were at one period a numerous clan in Kyle. The first of the name there recorded is probably William Rede, son of John Reede. who had a confirmation of the lands and pertinents of Bairskemyn in Kyle in 1375 (RMS., I, 496). John Rede is in record in the parisn of Morton in 1376 (RHM., I, p. lvi), William Rede held Wester Pitfoddels in wadset from his cousin Alexander de Moravia in 1389 (Stodart, II, p. 367), William Rede, dominus de Ranystoun, was present at the perambulation of the lands of Tarwas and Uldnyin 1417 (RAA., II, p. 50), and Wil Red was tenant of Wester Drumme in 1474 (Cupar-Angus, I, p. 197). Joseph Reid (1843-1917), born in Ayrshire, was inventor of the Reid oil burner, which did so much to advance the oil industry in the United States. Reid is also used as an Englishing of Gaelic Ruadh, which see. The family of General John Reid (d. 1806-7), composer of the air "The Garb of Old Gaul," and founder of the Chair of Music in Edinburgh University, was descended from Alastair Ruadh of Strathardle (15th cent.). The General was the first of his family to add the letter i to his name. In Aberdeenshire this surname has become confused with Rait and Reith. Reede 1477, Reide and Ride 1555, Reyd 1548, Rid 1612.

The Scot. form of Read1, q.v.

Reid Kit.—Colkelbie Sow, 171.

. . . he had nathing on his heid bot syde [low-hanging] reid yallow hair.—Lindsay, Hist. and Cron. Scotl. (‘Ane Mirakill Sen’).

Why rins thy stream, O Yarrow, Yarrow, reid [with blood]? ‘The Braes of Yarrow,’ 25: Percy’s Reliques.

This English name, when not that of a settler family, in Ireland is used as a synonym by “translation”

of Mulderrig, but also occasionally by abbreviation of Mulready, q.v. App. infra; IF 307*; MIF 207*

(English) The red-haired or ruddy person; one who came from Reed (reedy or rough growth), in Hertfordshire.

1. Red-allusive to complexion or dress, probably the former. This is a common medieval spelling. "What betokeneth it whan the sonne gothe downe reed?" Palsgrave. Maundevile says of the Red Sea: "that see is not more reed than another see." 2. Reed, a parish in Hertfordshire; Reede, another in Suffolk.

An old northern pronunciation of red. See Reed. See also Jamieson's Dict.

Red.

(Saxon.) From Rede, advice, counsel, help, or from the fenny plant, a reed.

REDE: 1. The same as Read, Reed, Reid, &c. 2. The Redes of Suffolk are said to be derived from Brianus de Rede, who was living in the year 1139.

From the German, Ried; from the Dutch, Riede; from the Danish, Read; a personal name.

These surnames have two distinct origins. The most usual derivation is from the nickname ‘reed’ or ‘rede’, which is Middle English for red. Thus the name would be given to someone with a ruddy complexion or red hair. This latter fact, together with its prevalence in East Anglia, the north­eastern counties of England, and Scotland (where it is spelt Reid), suggests that some of the original holders of this name were of Norse origin-though the name has long been wide-spread throughout the land.

The Old English word ‘read’-‘red’, also occurs in some place names, as perhaps in the Cumberland Redmayne which might mean ‘red stone’. It appears as a personal name Reada-‘the red one’, in Reading (Berkshire), ‘the place where the people called after Reāda live’. But not all examples of Reading as a surname necessarily allude to the Berkshire surname. Some may derive from places called Reading (in Kent), Reddings (Worcestershire), Redding Wood (Herefordshire), and so on. There was an Old English word ‘ried’-‘a clearing’, giving rise to place names Read and Reed, from which some surnames would be derived.

Finally, there is a third possible origin, an Old English word ‘hreod’-‘reed’, which gives us the place names Readett, Reditt etc.-‘reed-bed’, and the occupational surnames Reader, Reeder, Readman, Reedman, and Redman-‘reed-man, reed-cutter, thatcher’.

The surname Read is one of the oldest in the records. The first mention of the nickname derivation appears before the Norman Conquest in the earliest Kent annals. Here Leofwine se Reade is mentioned in the records for 1016—20. After the Norman Conquest, this form of Read (and sometimes the alternative variation) often became Latinised to Rufus (as in William Rufus, William the Conqueror’s son).

The earliest mention of the place-name derivation is in the 1160 records for Sussex where one Alwin de Larede is mentioned.

Reids have made a notable contribution to the fine arts on two continents. Sir George Reid, Scottish landscape and portrait painter, headed the Royal Scottish Academy during 1891—1902. His paintings hang in museums in London, Edinburgh, Oxford, Aberdeen, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. He is also noted for his book illustrations. Canadian George Andrew Reid’s career was remarkably similar. Born in Canada in 1860, he served as president of his country’s Royal Academy and later headed the Ontario College of Art.

Henry Fielding Reid was an American seismologist who developed the ‘elastic rebound’ theory explaining earthquake mechanics (1911).

Down-to-earth eighteenth-century philosopher Thomas Reid displayed one of the Scotsman’s most basic qualities when he opposed the empirical scepticism of Locke and Hume with his ‘philosophy of common sense’. His approach accepted the existence of things and didn’t try to make subjective mental phenomena of them. Similarly, his system’s morality was based on an intuitive perception of ethics. Such views led to professorships at both Aberdeen and Glasgow.

American army physician Walter Reed (1861—1902) conducted decisive experiments that proved typhoid germs are transmitted by the mosquito. His findings led to the elimination of yellow fever in Havana during the Spanish-American War, and later in Panama during the building of the Canal.

Because Reid has so many spelling variations (Reed, Read, Ried) and because two roots are involved (‘red’ and ‘reed’) this name is notably hard to properly relate to geographic features and place names. Given the most comprehensive interpretation of the name some 6 United Kingdom towns and cities are related-Read, Reading, Reading Street, Reed, Reedham and Reedness. Canada has a Readlyn, Australia a Reedy Springs and 2 Reids, Jamaica a Reading, while the United States has 18 name-related towns and cities. Rivers, lakes, and other topographic features with variations on the name are relatively common and include Fiji’s dangerous Reed Reef.

With about 27,000 namesakes Reid is Scotland’s 11th most popular surname. Thus about one out of every 190 Scots is named Reid. (The name is not common enough throughout England and Wales to be counted separately.) Around the world Reids are most common in Canberra (one in 354 families), Vancouver (one in 563) and Toronto (one in 565). The United States has an estimated total of just under 109,000 Reids-making this their 236th most popular surname.