This surname is derived from the name of an ancestor. 'the son of Walter,' from nick. Wat. Walter being one of the great fontal names of the 13th and 14th centuries, and Wat being the popular nick., it can scarcely be a matter for surprise that Watts and Watson are two of our most familiar surnames. They are confined to no particular district. There is no need to quote from modern registers. Everybody has a friend or acquaintance bearing one or other of the above forms.

William Wattes, Oxfordshire, 1273. Hundred Rolls.

John Wattessone, Close Rolls, 13 Edward III. pt.

Johannes Watson, 1379: Poll Tax of Yorkshire.

Alicia Wat-wyf, 1379: ibid.

Johannes Wattson, 1379: ibid.

Johannes Watte, 1379: ibid.

1598. Married — Thomas Chamberlaine and Jane Wattes: St. Mary Aldermary.

'son of Walter ' from the diminutive form Wat or Watt. Sir Donaldus Walteri, a presbyter of the diocese of Moray, 1493, is mentioned in a document of 1612 as Sir Donald Watsone (Beauly, p. 104,167). The full form Walterson also occurs in common use. John Watson held land in Edinburgh in 1392 (Egidii, p. 28), Robert Watsoun was accused of being a forestaller in Aberdeen in 1402 (CRA., p. 384), and Thomas Watson of Stanhous was one of an inquest held at Dunipace in 1426 (Cambus., 87). John Watsoun of Gar-waswould was juror on an inquest made at Lanark in 1432 (RAA., II, p. 61), and Nicholas Watson of Dalkeith held a land in the Appilgate of Arbroath in 1450 (ibid., p. 77). Walter Watson, burgess of Dumbarton, was a landowner there in 1494, and a long succession of bailies, provosts, and other town officers descend from him. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the name was common throughout the Lowlands, and is one of the most common surnames in the northeastern counties. John Watsone was tenant of Uthircloy, Ardmanoch, in 1504 (ER., XII, p. 661). Andreas Watson was elected bailie of Aberdeen, 1509 (Guildry, p. 193). Some of the Macwatts, which see, on the Highland line have translated their name to Watson. Vatsone 1533, Vatsoun 1573, Wateson 1462, Watsoune 1517, Wattsone 1686.

A diminutive of Water, a form of Walter, which see. In 1446 there is mention of the seal of Wat of Carnegy (REB., I, 108). Walter Wat held land in Brechin in 1586 (ibid., II, 356), and Alexander Wat was witness to a sasine in 1512 (Panmure, II, 282). Patrick Wat in Turriff was admitted burgess of Aberdeen in 1609 (NSCM., I, p. 106), and John Wat was retoured heir of Adam Wat, writer to the King's Signet, in lands in the parish of Stewartoun, etc., in 1663 (Retours, Ayr, 529). In a fishing village in Banffshire a number of years ago it was stated that of 300 inhabitants 225 answered to the name of Watt, and many Watts are still found in Aberdeenshire. The Watts of Rosehill are descended from John Watt of Rosehill, the blacksmith who distinguished himself on the king's side in the tumult of 17 December 1596 and was shot in revenge on 17 April 1601 (Calderwood, History, VI p. 104). The grandfather of Alexander Watt (1837—1894), author and theatre-manager in Denmark, was a Scot who settled as a linen manufacturer in Copenhagen in 1796. Vatt 1506. As forename: Wat of Tulloch 1388 (Bamff, p. 22); Master Watt Ydill, vicar of Inverurie, 1428. Among the Scots Guards in France one named Watty Hamilton had his name spelled Ouatte Amiton.

A diminutive of Walter, q.v.

Watte the Warner:—Piers Plowman, 3107.

A hundred thousand Kentishmen gathered round Wat Tyler of Essex.—Green, Hist. English People, p. 486.

(English) Descendant of Wat, a pet form of Walter (rule, folk).

1. See Walter. 2. The family of Watts of Hawkesdale Hall, co. Cumberland, deduce themselves from Sir John le Fleming, lord of Wath, on Dearn, co. York, who died 14. Edw. H. His second son Raynier assumed the territorial name De Wath, and his descendants gradually corrupted that designation to its present form. In temp. Edward II. it was De Wath or Wathes; temp. Henry VI., Wattys; temp. Henry VII., Wattes; temp. Charles I., and subsequently, Watts. See B.L.G.

The son of Walter, which signifies the lord of the wood-from wald, a wood, and heer, a master.

The son of Walter.

For Wate (or Wait), of Normandy, armorially identified. Hence Watt, the celebrated inventor of the Steam Engine.

Watson. —The principal home of this name is in the north of England, especially in the county of Durham and in the North and East Ridings. It is also fairly numerous in the northern midlands, as in Derbyshire and Notts. Further south it rapidly diminishes, though it has several representatives in Cambridgeshire; and in the southern counties it is absent or rare, excepting Sussex, where it has obtained a hold. In the south and west of England its place is supplied by Watts. It extends in force across the Scottish border, and is found over a large part of Scotland, but is more especially characteristic of the region south of the Forth and the Clyde.

The surname Watson literally means ‘son of Wat’. The first name Wat is a diminutive of the first name Walter (as in Wat Tyler, the leader of the Peasants’ Revolt during the reign of Richard II). This derivation arose because in medieval times the usual pronunciation of Walter was Water.

The first name Walter derives from the Old German name Waldhari. This is made up of two words-‘wald’ meaning ‘rule’, and ‘hari’ meaning ‘army’. So some original Walters may have been war leaders.

The first name Walter came to England with the Norman Conquest and appears frequently as a first name in the Domesday Book (where it was invariably Latinised to Walterius). Right through to the mid-seventeenth century it was more customary to pronounce this first name Water, and in consequence the popular diminutive Wat (or Watt) gave rise to that surname.

Other variations of names from the first-name source of Walter include Watts (short for Watson) and Watmough (‘Walter’s brother-in-law’). Waters (short for Walter’s son, derived from the early pronunciation of the surname as Waters) is also a derivation from a place name for a ‘dweller by the water or stream’.

The surname Watson is widespread throughout the land, but appears most numerously in the north of England and the southern Scottish counties.

The earliest appearance of the name Watson in the records is in the 1324 Rolls for the Manor of Wakefield in Yorkshire, when one Richard Watson is listed.

Watsons and Watts have excelled in many fields of science. The Scottish inventor James Watt (1736—1819) is generally credited with the invention of the steam engine, for which he was granted a patent in 1769; the watt, a unit of power, is named after him and he also coined the term ‘horsepower’; another of his inventions was the duplicating machine, to make quick copies of his records. Another Scotsman, the physicist Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt (1892—1973) was knighted in 1942 for his role in the development of radar (Radio Detection And Ranging), a device for locating aircraft which played a vital part in the defence of Britain against German bombing raids in World War II. Another, Dr Thomas A. Watson, worked as assistant to Alexander Graham Bell when he made the first trans-Atlantic telephone call in 1915. The American geneticist, James D. Watson (b. 1928), won a Nobel Prize in 1962 for his crucial role in the discovery of the molecular structure of DNA, the vital constituent in the genetic process.

In August 1965 Watts Riot in the Los Angeles ghetto (35,000 inhabitants) was the first big race riot in American history. Five days of burning, shooting and looting left 34 dead, 200 buildings destroyed and led to 3,900 arrests.

Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham (1730— 82), made a large bet that he could drive a coach and horses at full gallop through the eye of a needle. He then craftily built a 40-foot obelisk with a large opening at the base and won the wager. The ‘Needle’s Eye Folly’ still stands at Wentworth in Yorkshire as a memorial to his ingenuity.

English clergyman Isaac Watts (1674—1748) wrote hundreds of hymns, including ‘O God Our Help in Ages Past’ and ‘When I Survey the Wondrous Cross’.

British-born chemist Richard Watson (1737—1816) was credited with saving the government £100,000 in 1787 with his improvements to gunpowder.

Places and geographic features named for Watson are rare. There are none in the United Kingdom, one each in Canada and Australia (towns called Watson), while the United States has 3 towns so named along with a Watsonton and a Watsonville. No major mountains are so named and only a few bodies of water: Canada’s Watson lake and Watson river and Australia’s Watson bay.

With about 118,000 namesakes Watson is the 43rd most popular surname in England and Wales. There are over 21,000 Watsons in Scotland where it is 17th in popularity. Watson is notably popular in and around Edinburgh where an estimated one in about 195 families bears the name. In descending numerical order Teesside, Glasgow and Leeds are other Watson strongholds. Around the world Watsons are most common in Wellington (one in 562 families), Canberra (one in 605) and Auckland (one in 607). The United States has more Watsons than the entire population of Derby-an estimated total of just over 252,000 makes this their 71st most popular surname.