Georgia Genealogical Records

Georgia Birth & Baptism Records

Georgia Births and Christenings (1754-1960)

Name index to birth, baptism and christening records from the state of Georgia. The index can be used to locate original records, which may contain further details.

Evangelical Lutheran Church of America Records (1875-1940)

An index to and images of Lutheran registers containing close to 3 million baptism, marriage and death records.

US Consular Reports of Births (1910-1945)

An index to and images of 36,000 birth records for children of US citizens registered abroad. Records contain child's name, date and place of birth, parents' names and ages, occupations, residence, passport numbers, consulate where registered, parents' naturalization dates, parents place of of birth and number of living children to the parents.

Foreign and Overseas Registers of British Subjects (1627-1965)

Registers of births/baptisms, marriages and deaths/burials containing over 160,000 entries from over 30 countries. These largely relate to British subjects.

Newspaper Birth, Marriage & Death Announcements (1851-2003)

An index to around 1.5 million birth, marriage and death announcements published in The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, The Boston Globe, The Chicago Defender, The Chicago Tribune, The Hartford Courant, The Washington Post and The Atlanta Constitution.

Georgia Marriage & Divorce Records

Georgia Marriage Records (1828-1978)

Digital images of 1.15 million marriages from 45 counties in Georgia. The records are searchable by a name index.

Georgia County Marriages (1785-1950)

Digital images of marriages licences and marriage records. Most list little more than the place and date of marriage, but can be used to locate further records. Can be search by a name index.

Georgia Marriages (1699-1944)

An index to over 105,000 marriages, including name, spouse's name, marriage date and location where copies of the original marriage record are held.

Georgia Marriages (1808-1967)

An index to over 1 million marriages, listing the name of the bride and groom, their ages and date of marriage. The index can be used to locate original records, which may contain further information.

Georgia Marriages (1700-1850)

An index to over 80,000 early marriages. The index can be used to locate original records, which may contain further details.

Georgia Death & Burial Records

Georgia Deaths (1914-1927)

An index to and images of over 300,000 death certificates, which contain personal and genealogical information.

Georgia Deaths (1928-1938)

Digital images of over 400,000 death records, listing name, age, gender, race, date and place of death, date and place of birth, date and place of burial, parents' names and birthplaces and more. Searchable by a name index.

Georgia Deaths (1919-1998)

An index to almost 3.2 million deaths, including name, date and county of death, gender, race, age and a reference to order a full death certificate.

Georgia Deaths Index (1914-1927)

An index to over 300,000 deaths. It may include name, gender, date and place of birth, marital status, spouse's name, race, place and date of death and burial, parents' names and more.

United States Social Security Death Index (1962-Present)

An index to over 93 million people whose death has been recorded by the Social Security Administration. It includes date of birth, date of death, last place of residence and other details. It can be used to located other records, such as death certificates, which will provide more information.

Georgia Census & Population Lists

Georgia Qualified Voters & Reconstruction Oath Books (1867-1869)

A name index and images recording those who swore an oath of allegiance to the United States and those who were eligible to vote. Contains 390,000 names, including residence, race nativity, length of residence and more.

Census for Re-Organizing the Georgia Militia (1864)

A statewide census of all white males between the ages of 16 and 60 who were not at the time in the service of the Confederate States of America.

Georgia Census & Substitutes Index (1790-1890)

An index of 100,000 names extracted from tax lists, territorial and state censuses, pensioner lists, slaves schedules and a veterans schedule.

US WWII Old Man's Draft Registration (1942)

Records registering over 15 million men born between 1877 and 1897, including name, age, birth date and place, residence, employer, and physical description.

1940 United States Census (1940)

A name index and digital images of registers recording almost 135 million people living in the United States. The registers record age, place of birth, relationships, occupations and more.

Newspapers Covering Georgia

Newspaper Archive: US (1753-Present)

Text-searchable editions of over 7,500 newspaper titles from the United States, containing 2 billion articles and over 100 million obituaries.

Newspapers.com (1728-Present)

A growing collection of text-searchable, digitalised newspapers from the United States of America. Contains thousands of titles and over 100 million pages.

Genealogy Bank Newspapers (1690-Present)

Text-searchable editions of and over 250 million obituaries and death notices extracted from over 7,500 United States newspaper titles.

US Quaker Periodicals (1828-1929)

This database contains digitized volumes of more than 60 Quaker publications, including some foreign-language periodicals. Names have been indexed from a variety of articles including births, marriage notices, obituaries, officers, missionaries, committee members, names of people who have moved, and other references to members of the Society of Friends.

Name Card Index to AP Stories (1905-1990)

An index to over 2.1 million people mentioned in Associated Press stories, including name, subject, location, date and a reference to the article.

Georgia Wills & Probate Records

Georgia Wills & Probate Records (1742-1992)

An index to and images of more than 360,000 wills and probate documents. They typically record details of the deceased's relatives; and sometimes describe real and personal property, sentiments, convictions, intended places of burial and more.

Georgia Mixed Records (1770-1870)

Indexes and transcripts to various Georgia records, including wills, land court and lottery records, legal records, marriage records and more.

British Inheritance Disputes Index (1574-1714)

An index to almost 78,000 wills that were disputed. The index can lead you to documents that may shed a great deal of genealogical information as disputes often arose between siblings and cousins.

Genealogical Gleanings in England Vol. I (1400-1650)

Abstracts of English wills that are connected to early American families. In addition, it contains genealogical notes and pedigrees, maps, tabular charts, illustrations, and an index of 30,000 names as well as a fifty-one page index of places, with details of where many of the early families settled.

Genealogical Gleanings in England Vol. II (1400-1650)

Abstracts of English wills that are connected to early American families. In addition, it contains genealogical notes and pedigrees, maps, tabular charts, illustrations, and an index of 30,000 names as well as a fifty-one page index of places, with details of where many of the early families settled.

Georgia Immigration & Travel Records

Tennessee Valley, Family Removal Case Files (1934-1953)

Surveys of families who were relocated from areas that were flooded to make way for dams and hydroelectric power plants.

Southeast Inward & Outward Slave Manifests (1790-1860)

An index and images of registers recording the movement of slaves between Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama. The records cover 56,000 slaves and include name, gender, age, stature and other details.

New York Passenger and Crew Lists (1909-1957)

Digital images of registers recording the arrival of passengers and crew at New York harbour. Varying details are included, such as name, age, gender, occupation, nationality, race, last place of residence, intended place of residence and more. The registers can be searched by a name index of over 28 million names.

Canada-US Border Crossings (1895-1956)

This database contains an index of aliens and citizens crossing into the U.S. from Canada via various ports of entry along the U.S.-Canadian border. It may include name, age, date and place of birth, gender, ethnicity/nationality, names of friends and relatives and more.

San Francisco Passenger Lists (1893-1953)

Name index and images from passenger lists of those arriving in San Francisco, California. Records details, such as place of birth and occupation of around 3 million people.

Georgia Military Records

US WWII Draft Cards (1940-1947)

Over 2.5 million draft cards for men from Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, and North Carolina aged 18–44. Cards may include name, serial number, address, telephone, age, place of birth, country of citizenship, employer's name, place of employment, next of kin or friend, physical description and more.

Local Board for Military Duty Records (1917-1918)

Documents recording over 600,000 men from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee who were called up for military service. Includes names, occupations and military details.

Georgia World War I Service Cards (1917-1919)

An index to and digital images of 110,000 Army and Navy service records. They contain name, serial, race, place and date of enlistment, place of birth, age or date of birth, rank, service history, engagements, injuries, discharge information and more.

Census for Re-Organizing the Georgia Militia (1864)

A statewide census of all white males between the ages of 16 and 60 who were not at the time in the service of the Confederate States of America.

Georgia World War II Draft Cards (1897-1942)

Cards indexing draft records, which may include name, serial no., date and place of birth, age, next of kin, employer, race, physical description and more.

Georgia Qualified Voters & Reconstruction Oath Books (1867-1869)

A name index and images recording those who swore an oath of allegiance to the United States and those who were eligible to vote. Contains 390,000 names, including residence, race nativity, length of residence and more.

Central Register of Georgia Convicts (1817-1976)

This collection contains a list of convicts in the Georgia prison system. Included are name, file number, received date, sentence, crime, gender, age, release date, and county of conviction. Some registers even have columns for date of escape and recapture.

US Freedmen Bureau Records of Field Offices (1863-1878)

Digital images of labor contracts, letters, applications for rations, reports of abandoned land, reports of clothes and medicine issued, school reports, court trials, hospital records, employment records, complaints and more relating to refugees and freedmen. Searchable by and index of around 550,000 names.

Tennessee Valley, Family Removal Case Files (1934-1953)

Surveys of families who were relocated from areas that were flooded to make way for dams and hydroelectric power plants.

Georgia US Penitentiary Prisoner Index (1880-1892)

An index to around 14,000 case files of prisoners held at Atlanta US Federal Penitentiary. It includes name, inmate number, race, age, crime, date of incarceration and date of release.

Georgia Taxation Records

Georgia Property Tax Digests (1793-1892)

The books list names of taxpayers and assessments of value for various types of property and assets, as well as indicating who owed the poll tax. As such, the records should include all men 21 and over and women who owned property.

Georgia Census & Substitutes Index (1790-1890)

An index of 100,000 names extracted from tax lists, territorial and state censuses, pensioner lists, slaves schedules and a veterans schedule.

Georgia Tax Index (1789-1799)

An index to over 11,000 tax records, including the name of the taxpayer, county and district of residence, and year of the taxation record.

IRS Tax Assessment Lists (1862-1918)

An index to and digital images of registers recording 8.8 million instances of taxation. The records list the name of the person or business being taxed: their address and details tax assessed and paid.

Georgia Land & Property Records

Georgia Property Tax Digests (1793-1892)

The books list names of taxpayers and assessments of value for various types of property and assets, as well as indicating who owed the poll tax. As such, the records should include all men 21 and over and women who owned property.

US Freedmen Bureau Records of Field Offices (1863-1878)

Digital images of labor contracts, letters, applications for rations, reports of abandoned land, reports of clothes and medicine issued, school reports, court trials, hospital records, employment records, complaints and more relating to refugees and freedmen. Searchable by and index of around 550,000 names.

Georgia: Cherokee Land Lottery (1832)

Details of over 18,000 parcels of former Indian land that were distributed by lottery. Contains name, residence, county and lot number.

Georgia Land Lottery (1827)

Details on around 23,000 parcels of land distributed by lottery and those who received them.

US Southern Claims Commission Master Index (1871-1880)

An index and digital images of claims filed by residents of Southern states for reimbursement due to property damaged during The Civil War.

Georgia Directories & Gazetteers

Shole's Georgia State Gazetteer (1879)

A text index linked to digital images of a book that lists important information about the area and the names of its residents and businesses.

Names & PO Addresses of Farmers in Georgia (1878)

A text index linked to digital images of a book that lists important information about the area and the names of its residents and businesses.

Georgia Commercial Tax Digest & Directory (1851)

A text index linked to digital images of a book that lists important information about the area and the names of its residents and businesses.

Thom's Official Directory of Great Britain & Ireland (1914)

A directory of the court, parliament, aristocracy, mayors, civil service, military, militia and banks in the British Empire.

US City Directories (1821-1989)

An index to around 1.5 billion names found in books containing list of citizens & businesses: their addresses and occupation or business. The index is linked to scanned images of the books, which may also contain local history, details of government bodies, officials and more.

Georgia Cemeteries

Marietta National Cemetery, GA Gravestones (1866-2010)

Digital images of over 15,000 gravestones in a military cemetery.

Georgia Gravestones (1800-Present)

A growing database of over 100 gravestones, searchable by name and organised by cemetery.

US Veteran's Gravesites (1775-2008)

A database containing details of the burial of 7.6 million US military veterans. Entries may contain details of birth, next of kin and more.

Billion Graves (1200-Present)

Photographs and transcriptions of millions of gravestones from cemeteries around the world.

US Cemetery & Funeral Home Collection (1777-Present)

A growing collection of millions of funeral and cemetery record transcriptions, including obituaries and names of relatives.

Georgia Obituaries

Southern Christian Advocate Obituaries (1867-1878)

Abstracts of obituaries of Methodists from the states of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.

Newspaper Archive: US (1753-Present)

Text-searchable editions of over 7,500 newspaper titles from the United States, containing 2 billion articles and over 100 million obituaries.

US Cemetery & Funeral Home Collection (1777-Present)

A growing collection of millions of funeral and cemetery record transcriptions, including obituaries and names of relatives.

US Obituary Collection (1700-Present)

A growing database containing 10s of millions of abstract obituaries with a reference to the publication it occurred in and a link to the full obituary if available online.

Genealogy Bank Newspapers (1690-Present)

Text-searchable editions of and over 250 million obituaries and death notices extracted from over 7,500 United States newspaper titles.

Georgia Histories & Books

The American Gazetteer (1798)

One of the earliest attempt to form a comprehensive dictionary of places in The Americas.

Mary Evans Picture Library (2000 BC-Present)

A database of over 300,000 photos, etchings, engravings and other mediums depicting places and events in the British Isles and the rest of the world.

Ancestry Member Stories (6000 BC-Present)

Over 7 million remembrances and historic details submitted by Ancestry members. Useful for local historians.

Ancestry Member Photos & Documents (6000 BC-Present)

Over 60 million historic photographs and documents submitted to Ancestry. This rich collection contains many rare sources of interest to local historians and will be relevant to most genealogical research.

US Historical Postcards (1880-1940)

This database contains over 115,000 historical postcards with photos of places in the United States. Each postcard caption has been indexed and may be searched by keyword or location.

Georgia School & Education Records

US Freedmen Bureau Records of Field Offices (1863-1878)

Digital images of labor contracts, letters, applications for rations, reports of abandoned land, reports of clothes and medicine issued, school reports, court trials, hospital records, employment records, complaints and more relating to refugees and freedmen. Searchable by and index of around 550,000 names.

US School Yearbooks (1880-2012)

A growing index to over 300 million entries in middle school, junior high, high school, and college yearbooks linked to digital images of the yearbook pages. Yearbooks usually include name and photo, but may include biographical data, such as family relations, academic achievements and hobbies.

US School Yearbooks (1880-2012)

An index to and digital images of over 20,000 year books, listing details of schools, students and staff. Many contain photographs.

US School Catalogues (1765-1935)

A variety of publications listing names of students, faculty, alumni, and others associated with US universities, seminaries and theological institutes, normal schools, medical schools, academies, military schools, etc. Records include catalogues, obituary records and necrologies, class histories, speeches and addresses, commencement exercises, class reports, registers, prospectus, circulars, proceedings, annual reports, magazines and other documents.

High School Student Lists (1821-1923)

Digital images of a variety of publications listing the names of students, faculty, alumni, and others associated primarily with preparatory and similar schools, including academies, high schools, seminaries, reform schools, institutes, industrial schools, military academies, dance schools, grammar schools, Latin schools and others. Searchable by an index of around 650,000 names.

Georgia Occupation & Business Records

Names & PO Addresses of Farmers in Georgia (1878)

A text index linked to digital images of a book that lists important information about the area and the names of its residents and businesses.

Confederate Citizens File (1861-1865)

An index to and images of hundreds-of-thousands of documents relating to goods furnished or services rendered the Confederate government by private individuals or business firms.

US Crew Lists and Manifests (1890-1963)

Digital images of crew lists for ships arriving in Maine, Washington, Massachusetts, Georgia, South Carolina, Illinois, Texas, South Carolina, Mississippi, Texas, Wisconsin, Alaska, Louisiana, Florida, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, California, Georgia and Puerto Rico.

US Freedmen Bureau Records of Field Offices (1863-1878)

Digital images of labor contracts, letters, applications for rations, reports of abandoned land, reports of clothes and medicine issued, school reports, court trials, hospital records, employment records, complaints and more relating to refugees and freedmen. Searchable by and index of around 550,000 names.

US Southeast Region Farm Ownership Case Files (1938-1946)

This database contains an index of names and other details extracted from agricultural loan case files to preserve an official record of the loans.

Pedigrees & Family Trees Covering Georgia

Colonial Families in the Southern States (1600-1775)

Combining narrative history with genealogy, this work lists valuable information for over sixty family groupings and thousands of individuals. Entries often include the location in England where the family came from, land grants, lines of descent, and often occupation.

Daughters of the American Revolution Lineage Books (1620-1938)

Pedigrees of women who were descendants of one or more servicemen of The American Revolutionary War. Contains 100,000s of names.

FamilySearch Community Trees (6000 BC-Present)

A searchable database of linked genealogies compiled from thousands of reputable and not-so-reputable sources. Contains many details on European gentry & nobility, but covers many countries outside Europe and people from all walks of life.

Colonial Families in the US (1600-1920)

Genealogical charts, and coats of arms where appropriate, of prominent families in America's early history.

Ancestry Member Family Trees (6000 BC-Present)

A compilation of lineage-linked family trees submitted by Ancestry users. The database contains over 2 billion individuals and is searchable by numerous metrics.

Georgia Royalty, Nobility & Heraldry Records

FamilySearch Community Trees (6000 BC-Present)

A searchable database of linked genealogies compiled from thousands of reputable and not-so-reputable sources. Contains many details on European gentry & nobility, but covers many countries outside Europe and people from all walks of life.

History of England Society & Government (56 BC-1867)

A lengthy history of England detailing the country's connection to the U.S.A. Includes much detail on royalty, nobility and other historical figures of note.

Georgia Church Records

US Quaker Meeting Records (1681-1935)

An index to and digital images of documents recording almost 6 million names. They include registers of births, marriages and deaths; lists of members; movement of members between congregations; records of discipline; disownment; burials and more.

US Quaker Periodicals (1828-1929)

This database contains digitized volumes of more than 60 Quaker publications, including some foreign-language periodicals. Names have been indexed from a variety of articles including births, marriage notices, obituaries, officers, missionaries, committee members, names of people who have moved, and other references to members of the Society of Friends.

Index to Quaker Records (1680-1940)

An index to close to 900,000 names occurring in Quaker meeting records. These cover items such as discipline, admittance, movement between meetings, some vital events and much more.

Evangelical Lutheran Church of America Records (1875-1940)

An index to and images of Lutheran registers containing close to 3 million baptism, marriage and death records.

US & Canada Quaker Annual Reports (1808-1930)

Digital images of records from the highest bodies in the Quaker church. The minutes contain names of representatives and committee members, memorials and obituary notices, along with business news.

Biographical Directories Covering Georgia

Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans (1904)

A ten volume work containing close to 20,000 biographies of notable Americans.

American Biographical Library (1774-1949)

Over 75,000 biographies covering congressmen, women, military and other notable individuals.

Biography & Genealogy Master Index (1600-Present)

An index to millions of biographies, listing names, dates of birth and death and the biography's source publication.

Spanish-American Family History Guide (1514-1990)

Detailed guides for researchers with Spanish-American ancestors. It includes biographies and genealogical charts for over 700 noted Spanish-American families.

American Genealogical-Biographical Index (1450-Present)

This database contains millions of records of people whose names have appeared in printed genealogical records and family histories.

Georgia Maps

US Enumeration District Maps & Descriptions (1940)

Maps recording districts used to allot areas in which census takers would operate. Searchable by street name and more.

County Land Ownership Maps (1860-1918)

Various maps and documents listing and delineating around 7 million land plots and their owners. Searchable by a name index.

Historic Land Ownership and Reference Atlases (1507-2000)

This database is a collection of maps and atlases detailing land areas that comprise the present-day United States and Canada, as well as various other parts of the world.

Old Maps Online (1497-2010)

An interactive index to thousands of maps covering the world, continents, countries and regions. The majority of maps cover Britain and Ireland.

Civil War Maps (1861-1865)

A collection of around 2,000 reconnaissance, sketch, and theater-of-war maps.

Georgia Reference Works

Periodical Source Index (1825-Present)

An index to over 2.7 million articles published in various genealogical, historical and ethnographic publications.

US Free Genealogical Data Search Engine (1513-Present)

A search engine that covers over 2.5 million pages of vital records, family trees, biographies and other genealogical resources.

A Guide to the NARA Field Branches (1988)

Details of record collections held by numerous sub-branches of The National Archives.

Spanish-American Family History Guide (1514-1990)

Detailed guides for researchers with Spanish-American ancestors. It includes biographies and genealogical charts for over 700 noted Spanish-American families.

US Family Historian's Address Book (1997)

A directory of bodies that hold important collections of genealogical and historical records, ordered by state. As it was published in 1997, some contact details may be out of date, but the organizations' names can be used to locate updated information.

Historical Description

GEORGIA, the most recently settled of the thirteen original American colonies, which united in the great national act of independence, July 4, 1776. At that epoch, only about one third of a century had elapsed since the entire territory was the exclusive abode of the savage-the first English immigrants, under General .Oglethorpe, having, in the year 1734, commenced a settlement at the spot whereon the city of Savannah now stands. This company was composed chiefly of necessitous artisans and tradesmen, driven from Great Britain by want of employment to seek out new modes of living, and more permanent homes, in the western hemisphere. They had previously received from George II. a grant of the vast tract of country (called Georgia, after their royal patron) out of which the present States of Alabama and Mississippi, as well as Georgia, have since been formed. Although the original charter of Carolina included this whole territory, the Spanish occupants of Florida had laid claim to it, and, in 1742, undertook by force of arms to dispossess the English, but without success. In 1752, the company relinquished its charter to the crown, and thenceforth the province was placed upon an equal footing with the other colonies.

Boundaries and Extent

Bounded north by parts of Tennessee and North Carolina, east by South Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean, south by Florida, and west by Alabama. It extends 300 miles from north to south, with an average breadth of 200 miles, and includes an area of 58,000 square miles. Latitude, 30° 22' to 35° north; longitude, 80° 50' to 85° 40' west.

Government

In 1777 the people of Georgia established their first frame of state government. A second constitution was formed in 1785, and a third in 1798, which was revised in 1839, and still remains in force. The chief magistrate is elected biennially by the popular suffrages. In apportioning the representatives on the basis of population, three fifths of the blacks are reckoned in the estimate. There are 46 senatorial districts, each entitled to one member of the Senate; and the 93 counties into which the state is divided send each from one to three representatives to the legislature, which meets biennially at Milledgeville, the seat of government, where the governor and other executive officers are required to reside during their official terms. The right of suffrage is restricted to free white males, residents of the state for six months, and tax-payers one year prior to the election.

Education

The subject of common education is but partially provided for, as may be inferred from the fact that in 1840 there were in the state upwards of 30,000 white persons above the age of 20 years who could neither read nor write. There is a literary institution at Athens, called the University of Georgia, which was founded in 1788, with the design of establishing branches in each county. The object, however, has been but imperfectly carried out.

Judiciary

The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and two judges, elected by the legislature for six years. There are eleven circuit judges, one for each of the circuits into which the state is divided. These courts have exclusive jurisdiction in criminal and land Cases. Inferior courts, composed of five justices, are held in each county. These latter officers are elected by the people quadrennially, and act also as probate judges.

Finances

The annual revenues of Georgia are amply sufficient to meet the current expenditures, including about $110,000 interest on the state debt, and a reserve of $70,000 towards a sinking fund for its ultimate extinction. The public debt in 1850 was stated at $1,828,472, and was incurred for the construction of the Western and Atlantic Railway.

Surface, Soil, &c.-The face of the country, along the Atlantic coast, for some 30 to 40 miles in breadth, is generally level, with a rich soil, favorable to the cultivation of cotton and rice. The numerous islands on the eastern frontier are especially productive of that fine species of cotton known as sea island. Westward of the above tract, the land becomes more elevated, and the soil more sandy. Proceeding still farther into the interior, and beyond the mountainous region, a stronger and richer soil is found, which produces in abundance wheat, corn, and other grains; tobacco, cotton, and a great variety of fruits, as the orange, fig, pomegranate, lemon, citron, olive, melon, peach, pear, and grape. The latter fruit, of the finest flavor, grows spontaneously and luxuriantly among the pine barrens, in the vicinity of the seacoast. Of the divers descriptions of fine timber composing the extensive forests of Georgia, the oak, hickory, cedar, and pine are the most common. The black walnut and mulberry are also abundant upon the high lands. The northern part of the state is traversed by a portion of the Appalachian chain of mountains.

Rivers

Many of the rivers in Georgia are of great length; for instance, the Savannah, which separates this state from South Carolina, is 500 miles long; the Alatamaha, 400 miles to its sources; Flint River, the Chattahoochee, and others. These are generally navigable for steamers and large boats through a considerable portion of their extent; and some of them, especially those emptying into the Atlantic, admit the passage of large vessels for several miles above their mouths.

Internal Improvements

These consist of several important canals and railroads, either completed or still in progress. Among them may be enumerated the Savannah and Ogeechee, and the Brunswick Canals,-the former 16, and the latter 12 miles long,-the Georgia Railroad, with its branches and projected continuations; the Central Railroad, and the Munroe Railroad,-the whole forming a connected series, and embracing an aggregate extent of upwards of 500 miles.

Minerals

On the borders of the Chattahoochee River, at the base of the Blue Ridge, considerable quantities of gold have been found; and numerous smelting houses, employing some hundreds of persons, are established in the vicinity, although the business of mining has not been very regularly pursued. Copper and iron ores, the latter in great abundance, are also among the mineral productions of the state.

Manufactures

A number of cotton mills, and some woollen factories, have been erected within a few years. Manufactures of cast iron and other hardware, machinery, leather, carriages, furniture, soap, candles, brick, lime, &c., are carried on to some extent, principally for home consumption. There are numerous flouring mills, distilleries, and breweries, portions of the products of which are exported.

Indians

Some parts of the territory are still in the occupancy of the Creek Indians. The Cherokees also inhabit a large tract at the north-west boundary, their country extending also into Tennessee and Alabama.

Population

About one third of the inhabitants of Georgia are of African descent.

Climate

The interior and elevated parts of Georgia enjoy a delightful and salubrious climate, not excelled, perhaps, by that of any other region of like extent in North America. As in most of the southern states of the Union, there are extensive tracts of low and swampy grounds, which, at certain seasons, are subject to destructive epidemics, arising from noxious exhalations and impure water. The upper country, however, to which many of the inhabitants retreat during the unhealthy months, is remarkably exempt from these injurious influences. The winters, which are of but two or three months’ duration, are generally so mild that vegetation is but little interrupted, and cattle roam at large upon the savannas and in the forests, where they find ample food. Snow and severe frosts are rare, although the thermometer occasionally indicates a temperature as low as 20° Fahrenheit.

Religion

The religious denominations in Georgia are chiefly Baptists, Methodists, Episcopalians, and Presbyterians. There are also some congregations of Romanists, Lutherans, Friends, and Jews.

A New and Complete Gazetteer of the United States (1854) by Thomas Baldwin

Most Common Surnames in Georgia

RankSurnameIncidenceFrequencyPercent of ParentRank in United States
1Williams152,4601:747.94%3
2Brown123,6781:926.97%4
3Smith123,0411:924.26%1
4Davis98,6451:1157.03%6
5Jones85,9571:1325.17%5
6Johnson84,7821:1343.86%2
7Wilson56,2481:2025.78%9
8Jackson50,2241:2266.04%16
9White50,1351:2266.18%18
10Walker49,0461:2317.73%26
11Harris47,4961:2396.17%21
12Anderson46,7121:2434.60%8
13Clark42,1391:2695.85%22
14Thomas41,5551:2734.76%12
15Carter41,4831:2738.54%42
16Allen41,3591:2746.62%28
17Wright38,4701:2956.92%33
18Adams37,8281:3006.82%34
19Taylor37,0201:3064.13%11
20Hall35,4951:3195.73%30
21Moore34,3631:3303.99%13
22Miller32,6201:3472.40%7
23Thompson31,4191:3613.98%20
24Martin30,0691:3773.67%17
25Lee29,7181:3813.55%15
26Robinson29,6371:3824.72%27
27Edwards29,3071:3876.89%49
28Green28,5311:3975.31%37
29Collins27,4761:4136.56%50
30Baker26,0581:4354.83%36
31Bell25,8221:4397.15%62
32Evans25,6851:4415.66%46
33Hill25,2911:4484.65%35
34Bailey25,1741:4507.03%64
35Cook25,1661:4506.36%56
36Lewis25,0931:4523.89%25
37Brooks24,8981:4557.61%73
38Turner24,0361:4725.61%48
39Bennett24,0131:4727.38%74
40Campbell23,4841:4834.77%41
41Cooper23,4381:4846.44%61
42Scott23,1331:4904.31%38
43Bryant22,8031:4979.41%116
44King22,2081:5103.96%32
45Watson21,9331:5176.87%76
46Roberts21,3311:5314.51%43
47Mitchell21,3201:5324.67%45
48Butler19,7761:5736.99%88
49Phillips19,6491:5774.47%47
50Cox19,4021:5845.65%67
51Wood19,2161:5905.72%69
52Parker18,9221:5994.54%51
53Griffin18,6921:6067.39%111
54Barnes18,4601:6146.58%89
55Dixon18,2811:6208.93%148
56Coleman18,0141:6296.45%92
57West17,8251:6366.95%104
58Rogers17,7121:6404.59%57
59Ward17,7081:6405.36%71
60Howard17,6021:6445.29%70
61Stewart16,8691:6724.20%54
62Morris16,6631:6804.16%55
63Alexander16,4121:6916.26%101
64Morgan15,9111:7124.37%60
65Daniel15,6641:72414.91%363
66Crawford15,6261:7257.25%134
67Wallace15,4751:7326.10%110
68Freeman15,3271:7407.08%133
69Willis15,2811:7429.19%216
70Powell15,2211:7455.54%97
71Washington14,8641:7637.24%146
72Henderson14,7401:7695.38%99
73Jenkins14,7331:7695.37%100
74Jordan14,7261:7705.80%108
75Sanders14,5521:7795.19%90
76Foster14,4991:7824.93%81
77Stephens14,2271:7977.76%180
78Patel14,2021:7986.14%123
78Webb14,2021:7986.70%137
80Arnold13,5241:8387.21%175
81James13,5121:8394.48%79
82Harrison13,4541:8435.69%120
83Harper13,3031:8528.23%224
84Watkins13,2511:8558.12%221
85Boyd12,9901:8736.46%154
86Daniels12,9241:8777.01%179
87Ellis12,9011:8795.27%115
88Cole12,8841:8805.08%109
89Simmons12,7651:8885.01%106
90Banks12,7251:8919.60%278
91Andrews12,6351:8977.09%190
92Woods12,6341:8975.72%132
93Black12,5331:9046.10%145
94Garcia12,4881:9081.38%10
95Nelson12,3791:9162.31%39
96Gray12,3671:9173.85%75
97Gibson12,3581:9175.15%117
98Graham12,2361:9264.73%103
99Price12,2181:9284.19%86
100Wells12,1751:9315.47%130
101Warren11,9721:9476.21%165
102Weaver11,9621:9486.80%195
103Patterson11,7941:9614.63%107
104Duncan11,7401:9666.54%187
105Richardson11,5531:9813.68%77
106Long11,3741:9973.97%87
107Waters11,2511:1,00812.03%421
108Dunn11,2091:1,0115.89%172
109Greene10,9531:1,0356.50%210
110Dean10,9281:1,0377.13%235
111Williamson10,9061:1,0397.34%243
112Strickland10,8781:1,04212.81%476
113Owens10,7981:1,0504.74%127
114Grant10,7581:1,0545.94%183
115Hamilton10,6771:1,0624.10%102
116Chapman10,4401:1,0866.26%215
117Reed10,4301:1,0873.00%66
118Fowler10,3821:1,0927.54%265
119Ford10,2541:1,1054.35%121
120Gordon10,2491:1,1064.77%136
121Carroll10,2371:1,1075.66%184
122Byrd10,1621:1,1158.38%299
123Hicks10,1231:1,1205.15%161
124Kelly10,0391:1,1293.05%72
125Tucker9,9971:1,1344.76%140
126Bradley9,9851:1,1355.57%188
127Chambers9,8791:1,1477.93%292
128Rodriguez9,8681:1,1491.16%14
129Reynolds9,8291:1,1533.84%105
130Murphy9,8191:1,1542.55%58
131Wheeler9,7531:1,1626.05%225
132Nguyen9,7421:1,1642.41%53
133Hernandez9,7021:1,1681.36%23
133Perry9,7021:1,1683.53%98
135Burns9,6751:1,1724.37%131
136Garrett9,6321:1,1776.72%250
137Bowen9,5341:1,1898.84%351
138Cochran9,5211:1,19111.79%502
139Berry9,5151:1,1915.38%192
140Bishop9,5051:1,1936.19%234
141Hudson9,4681:1,1975.48%203
142Wade9,3211:1,2167.35%286
143Martinez9,2131:1,2301.14%19
144Payne9,1541:1,2385.15%191
145Ray9,0001:1,2595.21%202
146Hawkins8,9361:1,2694.93%182
147Ferguson8,7361:1,2984.54%166
148Gonzalez8,6961:1,3041.40%29
149Holmes8,6651:1,3084.52%168
150Austin8,6491:1,3115.62%233
151Cobb8,5791:1,3219.69%451
152Knight8,5771:1,3225.00%206
153Kim8,5401:1,3273.06%91
154Franklin8,5391:1,3275.67%238
155Bridges8,4921:1,33511.73%554
156Russell8,4841:1,3363.07%95
157Copeland8,4471:1,34211.20%533
158Hunter8,4241:1,3464.25%158
159Fuller8,3771:1,3535.91%259
160Brock8,3611:1,35610.23%496
161Simpson8,3511:1,3574.10%149
162Caldwell8,3361:1,3606.76%295
163Marshall8,3201:1,3623.66%128
164Watts8,2851:1,3687.24%319
165Stone8,2701:1,3714.16%157
166Barrett8,2351:1,3766.12%272
167Murray8,1481:1,3913.53%124
168Floyd8,1081:1,3989.46%471
169Lopez8,0651:1,4061.21%24
170Howell8,0481:1,4085.55%248
171Kennedy7,9881:1,4193.52%129
172Reid7,9591:1,4245.56%252
173McDonald7,9211:1,4313.38%122
174Mathis7,7921:1,45511.59%620
175Barber7,7551:1,4627.68%387
176Hart7,7131:1,4704.29%186
176Porter7,7131:1,4703.83%153
178Burke7,6931:1,4734.59%214
179Cunningham7,6601:1,4804.36%197
180Chandler7,6561:1,4817.19%356
181Cannon7,6131:1,4898.07%420
182Beasley7,5501:1,50111.83%659
183Lane7,5401:1,5034.46%208
184Douglas7,5391:1,5045.77%283
185Henry7,5101:1,5093.57%138
186Gilbert7,4701:1,5175.00%241
187Carr7,4421:1,5234.73%230
188Burton7,4191:1,5285.20%253
189McDaniel7,3341:1,5466.40%318
190Day7,3031:1,5525.15%256
191Walton7,2581:1,5627.61%411
192Welch7,2551:1,5625.11%257
193Hardy7,2441:1,5656.98%370
194Brewer7,2381:1,5665.37%271
195Wiggins7,2341:1,56710.95%639
196Palmer7,1601:1,5833.62%159
197Harvey7,1521:1,5854.79%240
197Mason7,1521:1,5853.54%151
199Shaw7,1371:1,5883.42%143
200Myers7,1241:1,5912.43%84
RankSurnameIncidenceFrequencyPercent of ParentRank in United States
1Smith26,5761:584.21%1
2Williams21,9771:706.87%4
3Jones19,2671:806.06%5
4Johnson18,7501:824.90%2
5Brown17,0641:904.80%3
6Jackson13,3521:1169.06%14
7Davis12,4921:1244.93%7
8Harris9,2401:1677.19%18
9Thomas9,1191:1696.23%16
10Walker8,1761:1896.95%23
11Green6,8761:2245.64%19
12Wilson6,6601:2323.54%8
13White6,5141:2374.04%11
14Moore6,4151:2404.02%12
15Taylor6,2171:2483.66%9
16Hill6,1331:2525.81%28
17Anderson5,8251:2653.99%17
18Thompson5,7121:2703.62%13
19Martin5,6551:2733.84%15
20Hall5,4641:2824.51%20
21Adams5,2811:2925.42%31
22Wright5,2791:2924.95%26
23Allen5,1831:2984.30%21
24King5,1231:3014.84%27
25Turner5,0651:3056.41%40
26Carter5,0261:3076.12%36
27Clark4,9861:3092.98%10
28Lewis4,9671:3114.19%22
29Miller4,7991:3211.71%6
30Roberts4,7491:3255.94%39
31Scott4,0951:3773.92%29
32Bell4,0901:3776.15%51
33Daniel3,9961:38621.94%309
34Lee3,9431:3914.78%35
35Evans3,8921:3965.28%43
36Robinson3,8011:4063.66%30
37Young3,7921:4073.29%24
38Cook3,7891:4074.33%33
39Mitchell3,6221:4265.67%54
40Jenkins3,5091:4407.89%99
41Jordan3,4751:44410.32%156
42Bryant3,4031:4539.73%147
43Howard3,3821:4565.46%56
44Griffin3,3441:4617.49%98
45Edwards3,3301:4635.09%52
46Phillips3,3051:4675.52%59
47Collins3,2931:4684.33%41
48Parker3,2841:4704.09%37
49Morris3,2341:4774.64%46
50Brooks3,1741:4865.79%68
51Butler3,1591:4886.01%71
52Wood3,1331:4923.92%38
53Baker3,0551:5052.74%25
54Watson2,9231:5284.95%63
55Cooper2,8931:5334.85%60
56Stephens2,8071:5508.99%165
57Henderson2,7781:5555.54%77
58Freeman2,7451:5627.89%148
59Morgan2,7211:5674.23%53
60Bailey2,7181:5684.93%66
61West2,6611:5805.76%90
62Stewart2,5911:5953.62%45
63Simmons2,5881:5966.67%123
64Harper2,5401:6079.41%192
65Powell2,5371:6085.95%106
66Rogers2,5151:6134.02%55
67James2,4041:6424.85%78
68Cox2,3911:6453.99%57
69Washington2,3501:6566.16%126
70Crawford2,3241:6645.82%117
71Willis2,3071:6698.25%188
72Strickland2,2751:67822.68%630
73Sanders2,2621:6825.32%108
74Ward2,2521:6853.37%50
75Harrison2,2401:6895.10%100
76Grant2,2391:6897.03%161
77Alexander2,1791:7085.09%105
78Hunter2,1781:7085.32%113
79Bennett2,1551:7164.05%70
80Foster2,0911:7383.52%62
81Mathews2,0881:7397.09%171
82Richardson2,0671:7463.53%64
83Roberson2,0481:75312.13%341
84Arnold2,0371:7575.62%140
85Bird2,0331:75910.78%290
86Barnes2,0281:7614.29%83
87Sims1,9601:78710.84%313
88Coleman1,9331:7984.20%93
89Banks1,9031:8119.01%248
90Andrews1,8951:8145.60%154
91Ellis1,8911:8164.18%94
92Price1,8821:8203.42%67
93Patterson1,8761:8223.72%75
94Ross1,8601:8293.71%76
95Hamilton1,8571:8313.80%80
96Campbell1,8291:8442.12%34
97Long1,8241:8463.04%58
98Gray1,8211:8473.07%61
99Holmes1,8061:8544.89%132
100Gibson1,7931:8604.34%111
101Webb1,7891:8624.94%141
102Hudson1,7631:8756.35%190
103Reynolds1,7381:8883.58%81
104Warren1,7201:8974.78%143
105Nelson1,7131:9012.47%47
106Perry1,7011:9073.66%87
107Kelly1,6831:9172.31%44
108Little1,6761:9216.60%206
109Porter1,6661:9263.69%95
110Ray1,6501:9355.59%170
111Wallace1,6401:9413.66%97
112Oliver1,6361:9436.71%216
113Reid1,6111:9589.34%328
114Thornton1,6081:9598.80%304
115Reed1,5961:9672.12%42
116Tucker1,5901:9704.14%124
117Knight1,5891:9715.67%185
118Lane1,5861:9734.48%145
119Holland1,5831:9756.20%202
119Hunt1,5831:9753.65%102
121Chapman1,5821:9754.60%151
122Fuller1,5791:9774.76%157
123Floyd1,5671:98512.89%511
124Graham1,5621:9883.36%88
125Owens1,5471:9974.48%150
126Gordon1,5411:1,0015.37%178
127Stevens1,5401:1,0023.30%85
128Gilbert1,5351:1,0055.32%176
129Howell1,5331:1,0066.68%234
130Hicks1,5301:1,0085.10%168
131Heard1,4971:1,03135.86%1,556
132Cobb1,4851:1,0398.57%327
132Black1,4851:1,0393.81%121
134Franklin1,4641:1,0546.13%220
135Dixon1,4551:1,0605.55%193
135Pope1,4551:1,0609.63%393
137Parks1,4451:1,0686.84%248
138Weaver1,4411:1,0713.90%131
139Murphy1,4311:1,0781.51%32
140Lowe1,4201:1,0869.28%389
141Neal1,4141:1,0917.76%306
142Ford1,4131:1,0923.13%96
143Watkins1,4061:1,0975.53%204
144Walton1,4011:1,1018.12%328
145Reese1,3971:1,1048.60%360
146Williamson1,3911:1,1094.77%172
147Reeves1,3891:1,1118.60%365
148Maxwell1,3781:1,1207.52%300
149Hawkins1,3701:1,1264.04%153
150Duncan1,3651:1,1304.87%186
151Mills1,3641:1,1313.73%138
152Whitehead1,3461:1,14613.24%619
153Robertson1,3441:1,1483.73%142
154Simpson1,3411:1,1503.52%127
155Johnston1,3151:1,1733.39%122
156Shaw1,3121:1,1763.03%103
157Wells1,3011:1,1862.83%92
158Berry1,2931:1,1933.51%135
159Stone1,2891:1,1973.21%116
160Waters1,2821:1,2037.09%312
161Glover1,2811:1,2048.94%416
162Dunn1,2771:1,2083.04%109
163Marshall1,2751:1,2103.32%125
164Pitts1,2721:1,21313.29%657
164McDaniel1,2721:1,2137.60%344
166Dickson1,2701:1,2159.12%433
167Wade1,2651:1,2205.69%239
168Camp1,2531:1,23113.95%697
169Fowler1,2521:1,2324.81%196
170Boyd1,2251:1,2593.44%144
171Henry1,2101:1,2752.84%107
172Bryan1,2001:1,2867.79%386
173Bowen1,1941:1,2925.58%246
174Lawson1,1801:1,3075.72%255
175Battle1,1781:1,31023.37%1,279
176Maddox1,1741:1,31418.47%1,010
177Perkins1,1721:1,3163.21%139
178Dean1,1641:1,3254.19%189
179Hughes1,1621:1,3282.51%89
180Lawrence1,1521:1,3394.50%201
181Palmer1,1471:1,3452.76%110
182Gay1,1461:1,34612.50%686
183Murray1,1371:1,3573.00%128
183Huff1,1371:1,3578.52%455
185Mathis1,1361:1,35816.19%907
186Moon1,1351:1,3599.05%495
187Payne1,1301:1,3653.97%180
188Collier1,1291:1,36610.66%584
189Sutton1,1271:1,3695.64%269
190Mason1,1251:1,3712.59%101
191Moss1,1231:1,3747.04%371
191McDonald1,1231:1,3742.15%72
193Russell1,1171:1,3812.39%86
194Garrett1,1031:1,3995.97%298
195Wheeler1,0981:1,4052.80%120
195Hays1,0981:1,4054.43%212
197Lester1,0961:1,40811.97%687
198Stokes1,0901:1,4158.54%480
199Cole1,0871:1,4192.09%73
200Ware1,0841:1,4238.89%508